join me in welcoming harold bruff and peter spiro. [applause] peter: thanks, jeff, very much for that gracious introduction. it is really a thrill to have jeff here doing so many wonderful things at the national constitution center. it really is a huge asset to philadelphia. thanks also to all of you for coming today. it is really a delight and a pleasure to engage my old friend hal bruff in a conversation about his very excellent book, which is a real tour de force. i should mention before i forget that hal will be doing a book signing downstairs after our conversation, but hal and i go way back. he was a mentor to me when i was starting out studying the things he is one of the real leaders in in constitutional law. in the field. so, we are going to have a conversation. then i'll prompt hal with some questions, and then we will take some questions from the audience. and so, looking forward to a really terrific hour with you. so, the first question for hal really is, for you, is why you wrote this book. the conventional understanding