thank you, haroon, for that wonderful presentation. i'm just going to add to it rather than say anything, repeat any of the points that you have made. i would also make three major points, and they don't necessarily address myths, but they do address some of the ideas about political islam in pakistan. the first of them is that political islam is somehow something that has grown as a result of general he can's regime -- huck's regime or thejihad in afghanistan and that it is a phenomenon of the last two, three decades. i would argue, and i have made that argument in my book, that actually political islam is at the heart of the origins of pakistan in many ways. pakistan's founding leaders thought that they could use the slow taliban of islam -- slogan of islam in danger and somehow put the genie back in the box. i'm researching my next book right now, and it's amazing the kind of material you come upon when you go back to '45 and '46 and look at the what the muslim league was saying at that time. these were leaders who had studied at of

i'm drawn by haroon who will be with us watching the election. what will be the decider on whether the election will be free. >> 7 o'clock people have come out of your homes to go and vote. we are not seeing taliban attacks. there are sporadic attacks. but it's not impacting people's participation. this is a good indication that this time the election is different from the previous elections and people are willing to vote because they will pick a new leader, and that will be the first time you have a peaceful transfer of power. to continue the political process, it is important for us to have a peaceful transfer of power in this country. >> what makes the elections different. it's a consciousness. people know that it's important. they are aware of their rights. >> they know 2014 is critical. n.a.t.o. is the end of this year, the international community's commitment will not be like the previous year. we need to rely on our own. this is why people are taking the pain to go out, despite the rain and serious threat from the taliban, making sure the

haroon, indications are that there has been a good turn out. how important is that? >> it is important for us. it will help to improve the legitimacy of the election. we face challenges and deadlock. this is a good indication that participation will remove doubt that existed in 2014. also, there's the pressure on the independent election commission, because the voter turn out will make sure that all the fraudulent votes will be discounted and everything xble will be down. >> also, the government is under pressure. this time the government will not be prim tifs to favour a candidate. all is good for us. now the challenge is the rain rather than the taliban. we are happy that by the end of this day, the voting process will have scopd and a majority participating in the process. give us n indication of the challenges of the next president. >> i think in 2014 there'll be challenges, political because of whoever win, the country may be divid divided. the election decision will be made based on ethnicity. the level of international assistance will be reduced and we are fac