hartzog.i take very much to heart your employment as against half measures. i think listening to both senator hawley and myself you have a sense of boldness and initiative, and we welcome all of the specific ideas most especially mr. smith your suggestion that we can be more engaged at the state level or federal government in making use of ai in the public sector. but taking the thought that professor hartzog had so important introduced ai technology in general is not neutral. how do we safeguard against the downside of ai, whether it's discrimination or surveillance? with this licensing regime and oversight entity be sufficient and what kind of power to we need to give it? >> i would say first of all i think a licensing regime is indispensable in certain high risk scenarios. but it won't be sufficient to address every issue but it's a critical start. i think what it really ensures is especially safe for the frontier models most advanced as well as certain applications at highest risk rankle y

professor hartzog? >> thank you, senator.like you, i, i'm nervous about just coming out and saying we're going to ban all forms of speech, particularly when you're talking about something as important as political speech. and like you, i also worry about disclosure alone as a half measure, and earlier in this hearing, it was asked, what is a half measure? and i think that goes towards answering your question today. i think the best way to think about half measures is an approach that is necessary, but not sufficient that risks giving us the illusion that we've done enough, but ultimately, i think this is the total point. it doesn't really disrupt the business model and the financial incentives that have gotten us here in the first place. and so to, to help answer your question, one thing that i would recommend is taking about throwing lots of different tools, which i applaud your bipartisan framework for doing is bringing lots of different tools to bear on this problem, think about the role that surveillance advertising plays

professor hartzog, professor of law and class of 1960s caller boston university school of law. d also a nonresident and associe for internet and society at harvard university and affiliate scholar at the center for internet and society at stanford law school. i could go on about each of you at a much greater length with all of your credentials, but suffice it to say, very impressive. if you now stand, i will administer the oath. >> do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give is a truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. thank you. >> why don't we be —-dash begin with you. >> thank you for the privilege to testify today. i am the head of research and am delighted to discuss artificial intelligence journey in the future.pu the forefront technologies have the potential to transform injury industries benefit societies. we have been committed to developing technology to empower people and improve the quality of life worldwide. today over 40,000 companies using platform to cross media and entertainment, scientific computing, healthcare, financial services,

imagine that it economic and professor hartzog's university that says i want to create an open sourceechnology. it requires many gpueq is and it won't require as much data. let's imagine that it could be used to create the next virus that could spread it then you'd say we really need to ensure the there is safety in architecture and controls around that as well.. that's the conundrum andnd thats why this is a hard problem to solve and it's why we are trying to build safety architecture and art data center so open-source models can still be used in ways that will prohibit that harm from taking place. as you think about a licensing regime this is one of the hard questions who do you license? you don't want it to be so hard that only a small number of big companies can get it but you also need to make sure you aren't recurring people who don't need a license for what they are doing for the beauty of the framework in my view is that starts to frame the issue and it starts to define it. >> is a license to train a model to a certain level of capability and is that a license to sell access t