first, i think haushofer was right. this was one of those very rare occasions when words like sentiments for another country, words like defending democracy actually had some truth. they were a factor in influencing policy rather than just being soft soap to conceal policies of self-interest. but i think hess was also right and very prescient because in the immediate-term britain was not sending out any bits of the empire. there is no transfer of sovereignty involved. but in the longer term by continuing the war it was ensuring that it would lose its economic power base, lose its economic strength, and in the long run lose its ability to maintain its empire, to maintain its role as a great world power. this would inevitably pass to one country that would emerge from the war rich enough and strong enough to take over the role, the united states, giving us the world that we live in today. thank you. [applause] barbara: thank you so much. now it is question time. i want to alert you, i'm sure you've noticed we have bookspa