and thanks of course to the haverford trust for supporting the speakers. i've had the pleasure of attending quite a few of them and it was a great experience. i hope this one will be a great experience for you as well. let me just click through the first slide. so, i would like to say a few general words about who they were, these thousands of troops who we call hessians. how they ended up in north america, and then i will give a few snapshots of the experiences over the course of the war. so, i want to start with a brief introduction. in a 17 70s and 1780's, as many as 40,000 german shoulders or hired to defend british imperial interests on four continents. in europe, in india, in south africa, and of course in america. the vast majority of them, at least 30,000 saw service in america. in august 1776, a german periodical, the german chronicle, noted optimistically that quote, soon the english would have to thank the germans a second time for the conquest of america. the editor was alluding to william pitt's famous reference to germany's role in the seven