then you put helen kellen -- helen keller up there. >> i use the phrase desirable difficulty it's a lovelyhrase that two psychologists come up with to distinguish between the kind that prove add advantage taigous which are not the kind of thing anyone should be expected to recover from. >> jon: i'm sure some people do. the hugan spirit incredibly adaptable. don't we all have to some extent disadvantages that shape our character as we go through and it is sort of tenacity with which you overcome them no mat ter what that would be? >> i got started on this because my last book "outliers" because i spent time talking to successful people. i was struck by how often when they accounted for what they had achieved they began with the difficulties not the obvious advantages. so much of their sense of themselves was something that grew out of -- in some cases of it a terrible blow that happened to them that they managed somehow to navigate. the chapter here on parental law. on this striking fact that very large numbers of american presidents and british prime ministers have lost a parent in childho

that's helen keller. we have film of helen keller's visit to the white house, we're going show people. will you talk about, talk about when she visited, the significance of her visit and how the public reacted. >> helen keller wanted to use the white house to publicize the need for support for deaf education. grace and calvin were happy to accommodate her. you see in this picture helen keller reading the lips of grace. and she reads the lips of calvin too. so grace did as much as she could to bring children -- deaf children, children with disabilities, veterans with disabilities to the white house and highlight their needs for the american public. >> ann in newport, vermont, hi, ann. >> caller: i was going -- quite a few years ago, i went to a yardsale, found an old cookbook, the orleans county cookbook put together in 1924 by various women's groups and there's a recipe here for a coffee souffle by mrs. calvin coolidge, washington, d.c. i was upstairs and i was missing the program, but i thought i would g

. >> rose: helen keller once said "blindness separates us from thing but deafness separates us from people." hearing loss affects 48 million americans. that is 15% of the population. most of those cases are currently untreated. in recent years there have been break throughs in the treatment of hearing loss. ingeborg hochmair helped pioneer development of the cochlear implant. the device stimulates the main auditor nerve that sends message to the brain to signal hearing. she recently received an award for her work and she joins me along with one of her patients, max. max received the implant at the age of two. he is now 19 years old and about to begin college. also joining me, a distinguished group of scientists, david corey of harvard university, frank lin of johns hopkins university, ruth bentler of the university of iowa and eric kandel, the nobel laureate, professor at columbia university and a howard hughes medical investigator and my friend. i am pleased to have all of them here. this is an important subject and this is an important award, the alaska prize is considered by many one of

. >> rose: helen keller once said "blindness separates us from thing but deafness separates us from people hearing loss affects 48 million americans. that is 15% of the population. most of those cases are currently untreated. in recent years there have been break throughs in the treatment of hearing loss. ingeborg hochmair helped pioneer development of the cochlear implant. the device stimulates the main auditor nerve that sends message to the brain to signal hearing. she recently received an award for her work and she joins me along with one of her patients, max. max received the implant at the age of two. he is now 19 years old and about to begin college. also joining me, a distinguished group of scientists, david corey of harvard university, frank lin of johns hopkins university, ruth bentler of the university of iowa and eric kandel, the nobel laureate, professor at columbia university and a howard hughes medical investigator and my friend. i am pleased to have all of them here. this is an important subject and this is an important award, the alaska prize is considered by many one of t

helen keller wanted to use the white house to publicize the need for support for deaf education. grace and calvin were both happy to accommodate her. yes, you do see in this picture hellen keller reading the lips of grace. she also reads the lips of calvin. grace did as much as she could to bring children, deaf children, children with disabilities, veterans with disabilities to the white house and highlight their needs for the american public. host: ann in newport, vermont. few years ago, i went to a yard sale and found an put together in 1924 by various women's groups. there is a recipe for a souflet by mrs. calvin coolidge, washington, d.c. i have been amiss in the program, but i would give mrs. coolidge a chance to share her recipe. host: there are many grace coolidge recipes available online. way thatpart of the they establish her persona to the public. will you talk about that? by calvin was kidded a lot about her cooking not being very good. when she gets to the white house, of course she has some recipes that have been handed down over the years and that she is happy to sha