that's just what hellgerson was ways in '05 with coercive tactics. the cia had engaged in ruffin -- rough interrogation in the past. inhumane physical or psychological techniques are counterproductive because they do not produce intelligence, and will probably result in false answers, end quote. that was a letter from john hellgerson, cia director of congressional affairs dated january 8th, 1989. however, in late 2001 and '02, rather than researching practices and coordinate with other parts of the government with extensive expertise, the cia engaged two contract psychologists, who had never conducted interrogations themselves, or ever operated detention facilities. as the cia captured, or received custody of detainees through 2002, it maintained separate lines of management at headquarters for different detention facilities. no individual or office was in charge of the detention and interrogation program until january of 2003, by which point, more than one-third of cia detainees identified in our review had been detained and interrogated. one clear