her mentor, the formidable chancellor helmut kohl, used to tease her for her provincial manners.yet, within a decade, she was calling for his resignation as he faced allegations of corruption. by 2005, she'd become the country's first female chancellor. >> ( translated ): who would have thought the highest office would go to a woman so soon?" ( applause ) >> trevor: yeah, germany elected a female leader long before america did. that's no surprise. germans have always embraced diversity. you could look back at the last, say, 76 and a half years of german history and you could see that that's true. and her rise is especially unexpected considering how little people thought of her when she started. i mean, to be the butt of jokes from her peers, that must have hurt, especially because germans only make one joke a year, and they saved it for her: "okay, milkmaid, that was funny, yah? ha-ha-ha. milkmaid. okay, no more laughing! back to work!" but if there's one thing we've learned from movies, it's that you should never underestimate the shy, mousy woman. i mean, "she's all that," "th

when the berlin wall fell, chancellor helmut kohl brought her into government where she thrived, and when a scandal engulfed him, she engineered his departure with a ruthlessness which saw her 1st become party leader. and then chancellor in 2005. she was under estimated by her rivals, the rivers talked about the way and the means they would come to power bud merkle followed the logic of party politics. get power key, power, and get your opponents. and why was away the in suing e you debt crisis propelled her on to the international stage where her star rose as she helped broke a bailouts for europe's ailing economies and cemented her position as a german leader. the world's presidents and prime ministers wanted to be seen with, but it was her handling of another crisis which would shake people's faith in her when refugees from serious civil war began arriving on europe's doorstep, she opened germany's borders more than a 1000000 came increasing numbers of senior colleagues in her own party openly disagreed with her policy. her poll rating suffered in the far right populous anti immig

>> she's nine days shy of helmut kohl so, yes, he is still the record holder.making it a big power in the world. really using a lot of soft power. if you look at the things angela merkel will be remembered for it's crisis management. when you look at the greek debt crisis, euro crisis. she quite possibly single handedly saved the common european currency. and then 2015, definitely the refugee crisis where you had more than a million people coming into europe and angela merkel essentially opening the doors of europe and letting people in. those are definitely the things that she's going to be remembered for. and the other thing for a lot of germans, of course, is the fact that germany had a strong economy in that time as well. >> fred pleitgen, thanks. >>> it's been called toxic to teenagers. now instagram is rolling out new safety measures. but are these just empty promises? the head of the social media company is testifying before congress right now. stay with us. ♪ limu emu... & doug ♪ ♪ superpowers from a spider bite? i could use some help showing the world

in the way that reagan grabbed helmut kohl and hugged him tight and got his support for deploying the pershing two and ground launch cruise missiles over domestic opposition and played a key role and what became the i.n.f. treaty and getting the soviets to back down and withdraw there. so there's a precedent of embracing germany a little tighter but while we're hugging them also delivering some hard words. and since there's this new government perhaps a chance for a reset. at the end of the day, germany will need to see that it's in their own interests, too, to take a stronger line against russia. david: ms. caret, two questions from our audience that are about the defense industry issues. and i'm going to put them to you. and you choose what in this you want to answer. >> or neither. [laughter] david: as the speed of warfare increases what role does technology play in order to leverage alliances? that's a complicated one. more specific one, does the current export controls framework support now we need to partner with allies? and i assume the question is sheer are we too stinting in