. >> doctor, did you provide emergency care to the george floyd after he was taken to hennepin county on the evening of may 25. >>. >> just by way of introduction, are you the physician who pronounced him dead that night western mark. >> that is correct. >> for you one of the physicians who tried to save his life ? >>. >> sustained. >> did you administer care to george floyd on may 25 2020? what were you trying to do? >> we were trying to resuscitate mister floyd. >> to save his life. >> correct. >> when we learn a little bit about your background, doctor. what where are you currently employed. >> currently i'm working at a clinic and hospital, it's up in grand rapids minnesota. it's my barrier job and i also work in colonial minnesota at riverview medical center. >> laconia is in carver county. it's several hours drive away from here. >> why grandrapids ? >> i was born there, if my hometown. >> is also the hometown of judy garland. >> it is. >> are you licensed in emergency medicine ? >> i have a minnesota state medical license and practice emergency medicine. >> would you tell the l

andrew baker, the hennepin county medical examiner? how do they attempt to get him to say asphyxiation? >> well, they laid the foundation through other medical witnesses as you played and, of course, from dr. tobin as others that talked about the lack of oxygen as the cause of death. substantial causal factor in death here. now they have to move to the medical examiner. although the report did not use the word asphyxia, it does speak about cardiac arrest. of course, we learned from prior witnesses that is not synonymous or only inclusive of a heart attack. it is often referred to. people think cardiac arrest, they assume heart attack. they have gone to great lengths to say the medical terms are essentially the human heart. that's how everybody dies, the heart stops beating. they'll be unpacking what this report that is usually written not for juries, per se, but written in medical terms to unpack what that means. it might ultimately not end up being all that different from what we've already learned so far. >> yeah. it was like a class

justice, michael, hennepin county attorney -- michael freeman, hennepin county attorney. >> i want to extend my sympathy to the family of george floyd. i hope today's verdict provides some measure of comfort. i want to say what an amazing job the attorney general did in recruiting an amazing team of prosecutors and staff. they were exceptional. their use of experts, evidence and witnesses left the jury with no alternative except to find mr. shelving guilty. the state of minnesota should be proud of this staff of volunteers who assisted the attorney general's and the jobs they gate over the last seven weeks. i am also proud that, from the moment the hennepin county sheriff's office charged derek chauvin with manslaughter and murder after george floyd's murder, our team work side-by-side. the assistant hennepin county attorney joshua larson did witness prep development and strategy and for the manager of our victim services division, she has been in direct contact for nearly a year now the family of george floyd. fitness and witness advocates managed all the witnesses, civilian and prof

i looked at the hennepin county medical center records, so mr. floyd's past medical history from their, as well as health partners, medical records. then i looked at a lot of interviews, meaning many videos including body-worn camera videos, bystander because, surveillance videos, some photographs, still photographs, timelines. and then some medical literature and textbooks. >> so were you the medical examiner who investigated or did the autopsy around the death of george floyd? >> no. that was dr. andrew baker, the hennepin county medical center. >> do you know dr. baker? >> i do. he was a pathology resident when i was on staff at hennepin county many years ago, and then we needed his fellowship i was one of the staff people there. and then after our offices merge i worked again with you at hennepin county. >> so would you have been part of his training in his early formative years? >> yes. >> you consider him a friend? >> i do yes. have you talked to him about this case? >> no, , not since right after t happened. >> at you did review his report

the attorney general's office along with the hennepin county district attorney's office, thank you. i am deeply grateful to everyone who worked on this case. most folks will tell you it is a bad idea to together a team of all michael jordans. this team, that was their true strength, sharing the load, passing the ball, understanding that all of us together are smarter than any one of us alone. and that worked. although the verdict has been rendered, this is not the end. in the coming weeks, the court will determine sentencing end and later this summer, we expect to be presenting another case. this verdict reminds us how hard it is to make enduring change. and i want to finish by sharing some important historic legacy. in 1968, a commission was formed to investigate the cause of uprisings across major american cities. dr. kenneth clark, a famous african-american psychologist who along with his psychologist wife, contributed to compelling research in the brown v. board of education case. and dr. clark testified at the commission, and i want to quote you what he said. "i read that repor

>> yes. >> you stop working at the hennepin county medical examiner's office? >> it was early 2017 area and i retired from hennepin county. >> how many autopsies would you estimate you have performed over your career? >> probably about 5000. and i myself did, and then hundreds, maybe thousands more where i assisted someone else or supervised or i participated in some way. >> so in 5000 or so cases, you determined the cause and manner of death? >> actually, way more than that because as medical examiner's, we don't just certify the cause and manner of death for the cases that we do autopsies on. there are numerous other cases that get reported by law to the medical examiner's office where we don't do a physical examination. so for example, an elderly persons falls in a nursing home and get a hip fracture and then dies the couple of months later. that does have to be reported to the medical examiner's office. we will investigate that death and looking at the medical records and doing all of what i talked about. getting family inputs and medical provider input. bu

we're right across the street from the hennepin county government center where the court is. we know that george floyd's brother, philonise floyd, is inside of the court. we know that we have our reporter inside unfortunate court as well, josh campbell. he is there to listen to the jury read the verdict. we are awaiting. we know that derek chauvin is inside the court as well. chauvin went in about eight minutes past 3:00 local time so 4:08 your time, so everyone is waiting for the jury to come in, and everyone is waiting to hear from the foreperson as to what their decision is. i'll give you an idea of where we're standing. if you look to my right, there is a train and the edge of where everything is blocked off around the courthouse. if you look at the little gate that's there. that's where a lot of folks have been going, brought in and out of the court in cars, and then if you look to my left you'll see a -- a little grassy knoll there and beyond that there's dozens of people who have gathered, some whom new george floyd well and who are here to speak their peace. we do kno

we ever the chief hennepin county medical examiner?s correct. >> will you tell me what it means to be the chief medical examiner for hennepin county? >> i've been the chief medical examiner of hennepin county. my office provides service to all three of those counties which is about 1.85 million minnesotans or about a third of the state. being the chief medical examiner means that i supervise the rest of the staff, in particular my other physicians. i have six other doctors as well as a doctor in training that i work underneath. >> so before becoming the chief, you were the assistant chief? >> correct. >> going on 19 years as either the assistant chief or the chief? >> correct. >> what did you do before joining the hennepin county medical examiner's ofrs? >> are you asking me to go back to my educational background? >> maybe to the air force? >> the air force. prior to coming to hennepin county between 2000 and 2002, i served as a forensic pathologist for the department of defense. our unit was known as the armed forces medical examiner

hennepin county since 2004.chief medical examiner for men pin dakotaa and scott counties. my office provides service to all three counties, about 1.85 million minnesotans. about a third of the day. falls within our catchment areas. the chief medical examiner means i supervise the rest of the staff, my other physicians, six other doctors as well as a doctor in training working under me. >> so before becoming the chief you were the assistant chief. >> correct. >> and that was in roughly 2002. >> correct itches the assistant chief medical examiner for two years. >> all that has been going on 19 years as either assistant chief or the chief? >> correct. >> what did you do before joining the hennepin county medical examiner's office? >> are you asking me torg back to my educational background or just mo i post-graduate training. >> maybe to the air force. the air force. >> prior to coming to hennepin county from 1998 to 2002 i was a major on active duty in the united states air force. i served as a forensic pathologis

>> with oxygen when they measured it in hennepin county. if we know that there is an oxygen saturation of 98%, does that tell us anything whatsoever? >> yes. >> about what -- >> i'm sorry. i apologize. >> does that tell us anything whatsoever about what the carbon monday ox you'd content could have been at a maximum? >> yes. it does. it tells us that if the -- if the hemoglobin is saturated at 98%, with everything else, it is 2%. and so the maximum amount of carbon monoxide would be 2%. it tells you the maximum amount of carboxihemoglobin. that was measured yesterday. the maximum is 2%. it doesn't tell you it is 2%, it could be something else. but 2% is within the normal range. you and i have levels of carboxihemoglobin between 0 and 3. >> and so, in other words, as to the statement that his carboxihemoglobin could have increased to 10% to 18%, that's not possible? >> simply wrong. >> and at most, 2%? >> at most. which is normal. >> new subject to discuss with you. so you might recall if you listened to the testimony my discussing with dr.

the permanent record of the fourth judicial dress district pay the state of minnesota, county of hennepin district court fourth judicial district, state of minnesota plaintiff versus derek michael chauvin, defendant. verdict count one, court file number 27 cr 201-2646. we, the jury, in the above entitled manner as to count one, unintentional second-degree murder while committing a felony find the defendant guilty. this verdict agreed to the 20th day of april 2021 at 1:44:00 p.m. signed jury foreperson, number 19. same caption, verdict count two, we, the jury, in the above entitled matter in count two, third-degree murder perpetrating an evidently dangerous act find the defendant guilty. this verdict agreed to this 20th day of april 2021 at 1: 45:00 p.m., signed by the jury foreperson, juror number 19. same caption, verdict count three. we, the jury, in the above entitled matter to count three, second degree manslaughter, culpable negligence, creating an unreasonable risk find the defendant guilty. this verdict agreed to this 20th day of april 2021 at 1:45 p.m. jury foreperson 019. members

>> no, that was the doctor of the hennepin county medical examiner. >> do know doctor baker? >> yes, i do, he was a path balaji resident when i was on staff at hennepin county many years ago. then when he did his fellowship i was one of the staff, and after the offices merged i worked again with him. >> would you have been part of his training and his early formative years? >> yes. >> do you consider him a friend? >> yes. >> have you talked to him about this case? >> yes. >> did you review the history of terminal events for may 2020? >> yes. >> what was kind of unique in this case was the volume of materials that i had to review, i have never had a case like this that had such thorough documentation. >> by way of thorough documentation, what makes it so terrible in your opinion reign. >> well, the use of videos is unique in this case. certainly as medical examiners, we use videos, but there's never been a case that i've been involved with that had videos over such a long time frame and from so many different perspectives. >> are you aware then of the conclusions on the manner

floyd before he was transported to the hennepin county medical center on may 25? >> no. >> objection. >> grounds? [inaudible] >> overruled. >> you can answer. were you aware of the existence of any videos as to what may happen before he arrived at the hennepin county medical center on may 25? >> no. >> did you subsequently learn about videos? >> yes. >> we able to evaluate your assessments about george floyd in light of the videos? >> yes. >> we will talk about those a little bit later. so when you received this zip it, what did you get a response to it? >> we prepared and bay in her stabilization in which is essentially essential and large room with a lot of medical care resources. sort of crept the team and get ready to take care of the patient when he arrived -- prepped. >> do you recall roughly what time mr. floyd's would've arrived in the emergency room? >> approximately 8:55 p.m. >> and when he arrived then, had cpr been started? >> yes. >> any mechanical devices or other things been used to help to stabilize him? >> yes. there is a lucas cpr device, which i

floyd before he was transported to the hennepin county medical center on may 25th?ection. >> grounds? >> overruled. >> can you answer. were you aware of any vud yoez as to what may have happened before he arrived at the hennepin county medical center on may 25th? >> no. >> did you subsequently learn about videos? >> yes. >> were you automobile to evaluate your assessments about george floyd in light of the videos? >> yes. we'll talk about those a little bit later. >> so when you received this zip it, what did you do in response to it? >> we prepared a bay in our stabilization room which is essentially a large room with a lot of critical care resources. we sort of prepped a team and got ready to take care of the patient when he arrived. >> do you recall roughly what time mr. floyd would have arrived in the emergency room? >> approximately 8:55 p.m. >> and when he arrived then, had cpr been stated? >> yes. >> any mechanical devices or anything being used to help stabilize him? >> yes. there was a cpr device which is a basic will i a mechanical device that sits across

so in hennepin -- for hennepin county do you frequently service calls in the city of minneapolis? >> yes. >> do you frequently service calls where police officers are involved? >> yes. >> do you -- have you arrived at a scene where you've seen officers on top of a person before? >> yes. >> objection, your honor, irrelevant. >> overruled. >> have you been called to other calls where a suspect has struggled with police? >> yes. >> what does it mean to stage as an ems? >> what does it mean to stage? >> uh-huh. >> staging for safety purposes? >> correct. >> yeah, if a scene is not safe we will stage in the area and wait for police to give us what's a code 4 we call it that it's safe to come in. >> for clarification purposes you were not asked to stage in this event, right, because of the crowd? >> no, we were not. >> all right. but generally speaking it's common for police to arrive at a scene, deal with whatever the circumstances are, and then ems is called in after police has dealt with the danger of the situation, right? >> can you say that question again? >> sure. kind of a long w

nelson: hennepin ems policy to have police respond with you? >> yes. they do. i cannot reference a policy but in practice they do respond. nelson: is that because people are resuscitated or treated for an overdose they become aggressive and violent? >> asked and answered. >> overruled. nelson: is that the practice to have police respond to those calls because when people are resuscitated or revived from an overdose they can become violent or aggressive? >> that can happen sometimes. nelson: have you personally see that happened? >> yes. nelson: turning your attention may 25, 2020, you were the driver of the ambulance that day. correct? >> after all of this you would agree you met with law enforcement officers during the course of the investigation of this case? >> yes. the statements were recorded. >> yes. nelson: do you know or have you had an opportunity to review a transcript prior to today's testimony? >> yes. nelson: e-mail with the prosecution team a couple of times. >> yes. nelson: as late as last night. >> yes. nelson: talk about what your testimony wou

. >> right after the autopsy, you had a meeting with some hennepin county attorneys, correct? >> correct. >> on may 26th, correct? >> yes. >> and do you recall telling them that the autopsy revealed no physical evidence that mr. floyd died of asphyxiation? >> i don't know what my specific language is but lack of anatomical findings that would support that conclusion. >> and you told them that you had avoided watching the videos at that point, right? >> until after i performed the autopsy, yes. >> all right. do you recall telling them certain factors that you thought contributed to the death? >> hearsay. >> consider any statements made outside of court as possible impeachment of the witness's testimony and not what is actually being asserted. you may ask that question. >> do you recall telling the hennepin county attorney's office on may 26th after you conducted your autopsy what you thought the contributing factors were to his death? >> i don't recall the specifics of that conversation. as far as i know, the only narrative record of that conversation would be what they wrote d

currently i'm a paramedic with hennepin ems. >> how long have you worked for hennepin ems? >> going on for years this summer. >> and have you worked as a paramedic or in the capacity as a paramedic before that? >> i worked for when it counted georgia for approximately a year as a trainee, pretty much paramedic school for five years. also worked bls as a firefighter with the city of andover. >> i'm having trouble hearing>>a you. did youou said bls? >> first responders stuff. >> could you describe what basic life support training is? >> emt stuff. went to minneapolis fire. >> going through your paramedic training had you initially received some emt or basic type of life support type training? >> correct. so in terms of your job as a paramedic, what you do on a day-to-day basis? >> we respond to various calls for various environments. >> are they wide-ranging? can you give some examples of calls you respond to? >> examples of calls we respond to, car accidents, intoxicated people, overdoses, seizures, heart attacks, stubbed toes. >> so it can be a variety of things. >> correct

. >> i was a paramedic at hennepin medical center. >> how long. >> just under 34 years. nelson: can you describe the education that you have to become a paramedic? >> a two-year degree for care and rescue. and actually graduated from st. mary's in 1981. nelson: you worked as a paramedic for your entire career or other employment. >> i worked for one year in dakotata county and then at hennepin ever since. >> you had a large number of calls during your career. >>em yes. nelson: is a paramedic do you maintain records about each call to assess the patient's care? >> yes. nelson: prior to your testimony today have you had an opportunity to view this she may six, 2019 involving george floyd. >> yes. nelson: you recall all of those details off the top of your head? >> no. nelson: in terms of your recollection may six, 2019, were you some into the mpd? >> yes to attend to mr. floyd. nelson: upon arriving at the fourth precinct, did you talk to mr. floyd? >> yes. nelson: did you learn information from mr. floyd what he had a consumed and the timeframe he had consumed? >> yes. we

currently, i am a paramedic with hennepin ems. >> and how long shave you worke with hennepin ems?ars this summer. >> and have you worked as a paramedic or in the capacity as a paramedic before that? >> i worked for gwyett county down in georgia for approximately a year as a trainee, pretty much paramedic school for fire and ems. i also worked bls as a paid on-call firefighter for the city of andover. >> i'm having a little bit of trouble hearing you. did you say vls? >> bls, basic life support, first responder stuff. >> could you describe what basic life support training you got. >> emt stuff. minneapolis fire department. >> so, before going through your paramedic training, had you initially received some emt or basic type of life support type training? >> correct. >> all right. so, in terms of your job as a paramedic with hennepin ems, what do you do on a day-to-day basis? >> we respond to various calls for emergency medical services in various environments. >> and are those wide-ranging? could you give some examples of the types of calls that you respond to? >> examples of calls

. >> you provided to leave the scene to go to the hennepin medical center?re you left the scene, did you have a further conversation or direction to the defendant? >> i don't think so. >> do you recall speaking with the defendant about the need to potentially interview witnesses? >> yes, i did.. i asked him to look for some witnesses. >> that was captured on the body-worn camera, is that right? >> it should have been, yes. >> you had an opportunity to review that footage? >> yes. >> at this time, i'm going to ask to publish exhibit 266. i'm also going to ask to publish 265. there are two different renditions of the same conversation. exhibit 266, you will see sort of the body position of the defendant as you're having this conversation. and then the next exhibit you'll hear the audio. [ inaudible ] >> yes, your honor . >>> while they're taking this quick break, let's check in with our team. jennifer rodgers, what do you think the attorneys are getting at here from this testimony? >> we're finally starting to see some information about derek chauvin's trainin

. >> how long have you been a paramedic with hennepin county? >> i started in june of 2017. >> and is your title paramedic? >> yes. >> and has that been the case since you started for that asked [inaudible] picked paramedic by title? >> yes. >> what is the training that goes into becoming a paramedic? >> prior to becoming a paramedic you have to be an emt already, which is a fairly short course. and then paramedic school was about 12 months long. >> so, you said you have to be an emt first. what is an emt? >> it's just a lower level certification, a lot more limited in your scope and scale and what you can do. to give an example, my course was like a six credit college course. >> so you became an emt and in college? >> no, actually i attended a course when i was a senior in high school. >> may be let's start there in terms of what your training was in becoming an emt and where you went with that. >> i attended an emt course at bridgewater my senior year of school. majority of college at hutchinson and i started at a volunteer ambulance out where

[inaudible] i was a paramedic for hennepin county. >> how long were you a paramedic? [inaudible] >> can you describe the education that you had to be a paramedic? >> i have a two year degree and then actually got an additional registered nursing degree, graduating from st. mary's university in 1991. >> okay, so you work as a paramedic for the entire career or did you have other employment. >> i actually worked in dakota county for one year and then i worked at hennepin everson. >> there were a large number of calls during the course of your career, and you may not remember every specific detail about every call. is that correct? >> no. >> as a paramedic, do you maintain records about each call in order to assess the patient's care? >> yes, we keep information on the patients that we do handoff. >> okay, prior to your testimony, have you had an opportunity to review from may 6, 2019 involving george floyd? >> yes. >> the recall all of the details? >> know, i do not. >> in terms of your recollection , were you summoned to the minneapolis police department. >> yes. >> to

>> not nearly as much as hennepin but yes as well.is a part of process of exchanging information, the defense receives copies of everything, reports, meeting notes, prior statements and things of that nature. >> yes. >> have you had opportunities to review all of that information prior to the testimony today? >> to the best my knowledge, yes. >> ultimately what you testified is in a death investigation it is much more than just an autopsy. >> yes. >> and in fact, if we pull the file it usually ends up being a few into this. >> yes, i guess if you print it out, that is correct. >> well, that's what we did. and i guess i have to get with the program. and ultimately that file contains your autopsy report. >> correct. >> death certificate, the paperwork that you fill out for the state of minnesota? >> yes, we don't get a copy from the state, but everything we put on the death certificate is on a file. >> also you keep track of conversations that you have with people. >> generally, yes, that is usually more my investigators their treating

he had been transported to the hennepin health-care and where he was pronounced dead. i believe at the time i started the examination my staff was probably still working to confirm mr. floyd's identity and properly notify his next of kin. that what's background i had. >> had you seen any of the videos before you started you work. >> i had not. i was aware one video had gone viral on the internet but i close not to look at that until i examinedmer employed did want to go in with preconceived notions. >> so it was in several days after you had done your work on the autopsy you saw the videos. >> one video i saw shortly after the autopsy and that was the one i think most of the public had seen through facebook or other social media. the other videos such as the swindle and the body worn cameras i decide not see until three or four days after the autopsy. >> could you give us an overview how you conduct autopsies. what is your approach to them. >> sure. so, in a case that is believed to be a homicide or a potential homicide, there's a few more steps involved than a typical

hennepin county medical center. the evidence will show officers made two calls for emergency help within one minute and 30 seconds of each other. the first call officers called for paramedics to arrive code two because mr. floyd had a nose injury and was bleeding from the nose. that occurred during the struggle mr. floyd paying his face into the plexiglas partition and the squad car. you will see the blood evidence in the squad car. the first call came 8:00 o'clock 20 minutes 11 seconds. the second call the stepped up call or code three called meaning get here as fast as you possibly can. that was made and placed at 8:00 o'clock 21 minutes 35 seconds. you will learn paramedics arrived 8:27 p.m. 18 seconds just minutes after officers king and lane arrived and within six minutes being called code three and they did what they referred to as a load and go because of the crowd. they came, rather than attempting to resuscitate or treat him on the scene they load him into the ambulance and drove to a location several block

so in terms of your job as a paramedic with hennepin ems, what do you do on a day-to-day basis?ncy medical services in various environments. >> and are those wide-ranging? could you give some examples of the types of calls you respond to? >> examples of calls i respond to, car accidents, intoxicated people, overdoses, seizures, heart attacks, stubbed toes. >> so it can be a variety of things, is that right? >> correct. >> does that include cardiac arrests? >> yes. >> and when you respond to a cardiac arrest, what does that mean? >> a cardiac arrest when i respond to that? >> what's a cardiac arrest? >> a cardiac arrest is an individual that is, in lay terms, dead, not producing a pulse, they're not breathing. >> so when you as a paramedic use terms like cardiac arrest or full arrest, is that what you mean? >> they're, in lay terms, dead, yes. >> so i'm going to direct your attention to may 25th of last year. >> okay. >> were you on duty as a paramedic with hennepin ems that date? >> yes, i was. >> did you respond to a call that evening? >> yes, miss. >> could you move just a lit

we have blood gas evidence from hennepin county that would have, would contain blood gas readings for carbon monoxide content in mr.he floyd's blood on may 2, 2020. >> all right. when was it discovered? how was it discovered? >> why was it not disclose earlier? >> it was discovered yesterday by dr. baker, and what had precipitated this, your honor, was a piece of new evidence. it was disclosure that came from the stand during the testimony of doctor fowler. and want to show your honor exactly what it was. it was one of the slides that your honor can see here, if i adjust the camera. and what i'm referring to, judge, is this very last reading here on the bottom where come from the stand and the slide that mr. nelson compared was the statement and discussion that seven minutes mr. floyd's hemoglobin could increase by ten-18%. that was a new opinion. the word carboxy hemoglobin does not appear in 31 pages of the report at all nor a discussion about the carboxy hemoglobin content in his blood. the word, the concept of carbon monoxide was raised in the report but not blood gas issues relat

>> currently i am a paramedic with hennepin ems. eldridge: how long have you worked for hennepin ems? >> four years this summer. eldridge: have you worked as a paramedic in that capacity before that? >> i worked in georgia for about one year as a trainee through high school for fire and ems also as a firefighter for the city of and/or. >> bls. eldridge: explain basic life support training. >> it is emt type of stuff. that might. eldridge: before going to paramedic training have you initially received emt our basic life support type of training? >> correct. eldridge: in terms of your job as a paramedic with hennepin ems what do you do on a day-to-day basis? >> we respond to various calls for emergency medical services in various environments. eldridge: are those wide ranging? give an example of the calls that you respond to. >> an example? car accidents. intoxicated people. overdoses. seizures. heart attacks. eldridge: a variety of things. >> correct. eldridge: does that include cardiac arrest? >> yes. eldridge: when you respond to a

floyd when he went to hennepin county, he had an arterial blood glass obtained. that's sticking a needle into the artery at the wrist. you take out the blood. on the blood gas measurements, you measure a number of different items like the pressure of carbon dioxide, the amount of acid in in the blood called the ph. you get these different measurements. you get the oxygen saturation. that is how much of the hemoglobin, the protein in the blood that carries the oxygen, how much of that hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen. we know in mr. floyd it was 98% saturated. >> 98% saturated with oxygen? >> with oxygen when they measured it in hennepin county, 9:16, the time frame. >> does that tell us anything about what -- >> yes. i apologize. >> does that tell us anything about what the carbon monoxide content could have been at maximum? >> yes, it does. if the hemoglobin is saturated at 98%, it tells you it was 2% for everything else. the maximum amount of carbon monoxide would be 2%. it tells you the maximum amount. that was mentioned yesterday. the maximum amount is 2%.

a forensic pathologist who helped train hennepin county chief medical examiner andrew baker. she's testified in court more than 100 times, conducted more than 5,000 autopsied by her count, according to her testimony there. people inside the courtroom, including the jury, as you probably saw there or heard, they were seeing the photos that are not being broadcast for us to show you. that is one of the reasons you did not see those photos. we are also being quite careful about the videos and pictures that we show as well out of an abundance of respect for the family of george floyd. dr. thomas did spend some time describing looking at photos of george floyd's face, including scrapes, of skin discoloration. she testified george floyd's death was not a sudden death. she said that the activities of the police on that day resulted in floyd's death. at some point today, we also expect to hear from hennepin county medical examiner andrew baker himself. it was baker who conducted the autopsy of george floyd. wasn't to bring in two expert voices now. paul butler, former federal prosecu

baker, that you've testified in many cases in hennepin county before?? >> not nearly as much, but, yes. >> you understand that as a part of the process of exchanging information, the defense receives copies of everything, your reports, meeting notes, prior statements you've given, things of that nature, right? >> yes. >> and have you had opportunities to review all of that information prior to your testimony today? >> to the best of my knowledge, yes. >> and ultimately what you testified is in a death investigation, it's much more than just simply an autopsy, agreed? >> correct. >> and if you pull your file, it usually ends up being a few inches thing, correct? >> we're actually paperless, the medical examiner's office, but if you printed it out, yeah, i guess it would be a few inches thick. >> well, that's what i get and that's what it is. i guess i've got to get with the times. but ultimately that file contains your autopsy report,y ekt? >> correct. >> death certificate, the paperwork you fill out for the state of minnesota? >> yes. we don't actually

what jerry blackwell is saying that the hennepin county, somebody works for the hennepin county medicale, dr. baker, he performed the autopsy on george floyd, reached out after watching the testimony from dr. fowler yesterday to say you might want to take a look at something here. do you think based on that, that that will be persuasive to judge cahill? >> i think it's going to be tough. remember, a prosecutor is only allowed to put in rebuttal evidence if it is new evidence, a new witness that will contradict the defendant's evidence. they can't retry their case all over again. and that's kind of why the judge was looking to expert report. did the prosecution have ample notice that this issue could come up or dr. fowler could have testified such that they could have initiated it initially. i think it will be tough based on the way the judge is responding to some of the arguments made by mr. nelson. i do think it's worthy to bring up. as david alluded to, dropping that mic on dr. tobin would be a phenomenal way for the prosecution to rest and close out the trial. >> is there any specula

compartment of an hennepin county. or. you do not wear body cameras as paramount expect those photographs came from an officer's body work there yes and so. that officer initially started assisting with chest compressions of mr floyd. yes i wasn't in. your partner was yes he would probably be the person. yes i would have been. put in the watch. i was there for. in front. so you've seen the body or camera footage from inside of the ambulance. scene a good amount of it i don't know if i've seen all of it ok. you describe the lucas device putting on the floor that you describe that lucas device that does the chest compressions right. use your partner that was putting that on with that police officer. you know i was putting that on the police officer so you know and he saw you were in the ambulance when the officer was performing just impressions yes. 3060 park a gun that dangerous mission so the 1st thing you did was load mr floyd in to the vehicle you drive to 36 and park right while you drove that distance of 36 and park th

what do you do as a paramedic at hennepin ems? >> i work with my partner in an ambulance. we respond to 911 calls, primarily medical emergencies and provide care to our patients and transport them to the hospital. >> what kinds of calls do to? you said medical calls. do those very? >> yes. anything someone can call 911 for. >> have some of those calls been life-threatening type emergencies? >> yes. >> have some of those calls been cardiac in nature? >> yes. >> drug overdoses, things like that? >> yes. >> other types of things? what else did you respond to? >> i guess mental health problems is included in that as well. >> what is your primary objective? what is your job when you go out to the scene as a paramedic? >> to provide best care i can for my patient and bring them sleepy to the hospital, appropriate hospital they o go to, and also advocate for them when they need to. >> and when you say advocate what do you mean by that? >> just making sure their complaint further problem is heard, and communicated effectively to the receiving hospital as to why they are in the eme

third element, the defendant's action took place may 25, 2020 in hennepin county. if you find these elements beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant is guilty. if you find these elements have not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant is not guilty unless you find the state has proven the defendant has committed these crimes. the following instructions apply to all three instructions i've given you. the defendant is guilty of crimes committed by another person or persons if the criminal has played an intentional role and made no effort to stop the crime. intentional role is aiding, advising, hiring counseling, conspiring or procuring another to commit the crime. the defendant's presence or actions constitute aiding if the defendant knew another person or persons were committing a crime. second, the defendant intended that his presence or actions aid the commission of that crime. if the defendant intentionally aided another person or persons in committing a crime or intentionally advised, hired, counselled, conspired with or procure the other person o

we are right across from the hennepin county center where the trial happened. you see this while here? we were here four weeks ago when the trial started when there was jury selection. there were one or people -- one or two people writing down what they feel. this is plastered with statements. the scene here is justice. people want justice. justice for george floyd justice for their cause. and justice, change in the justice system for african-americans, for black people who think they are -- they have no equal rights when it comes to those. this brings us to over there. there is the hennepin county center. this is where the verdict will be right out. security in minneapolis still and for a good reason very high. you have razor wire. you have the national guard troops here in town. police and so on. the next half an hour depending on how this verdict will pan out will be very interesting. brent: this is a verdict that is not just for the city of minneapolis or the state of minnesota. this is for most of the united states. he can say people are waiting on pins an

fifth element, the defendant act took place on or about may 25, 2020 in hennepin county. if you find that each of these elements have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant is guilty of this charge. if you find that any of these elements has not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant is not guilty of this charge, unless you find the state has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is liable for the strong committed by another person or persons according to the instructions that are listed on page eight. this is under the heading liability for crimes of another. the defendant is charged in count three with manslaughter and third degree and under minnesota law weber by culpable negligence whereby he creates an unreasonable risk and consciously takes the chance of causing death or great bodily harm to another person, because of the death of the other is guilty of murder of manslaughter in the second degree. the defendant is charged with committing this crime or intentionally aiding in the commission of this crime and the elements of man

fifth element, the defendant act took place on or about may 25, 2020 in hennepin county. if you find that each of these elements have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant is guilty of this charge. if you find that any of these elements has not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant is not guilty of this charge, unless you find the state has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is liable for the strong committed by another person or persons according to the instructions that are listed on page eight. this is under the heading liability for crimes of another. the defendant is charged in count three with manslaughter and third degree and under minnesota law weber by culpable negligence whereby he creates an unreasonable risk and consciously takes the chance of causing death or great bodily harm to another person, because of the death of the other is guilty of murder of manslaughter in the second degree. the defendant is charged with committing this crime or intentionally aiding in the commission of this crime and the elements of man

fourth element, the act took place on may 25th, 2020, in hennepin county. if you find the elements have been met, the defendant is guilty. the defendant is not guilty of this charge unless you find the state has proven that the defendant is liable for this crime committed by another person or persons according to the instructions below that are listed on page 8 under the heading liability for crimes of another. the defendant is charged in count two with murder in the third degree in connection with the death of george floyd. under minnesota law a person causing the death of another by perpetrating an act eminently dangerous to others and without regard for human life but without intent to cause the death of another person is guilty of death in the third degree. the defendant is charged with committing this crime or aiding this crime. the elements are, first, the death of george floyd must be proven. second element, the defendant caused the death of george floyd. third element, the defendant caused the death of george floyd by an intentional act that was emi

>> en route to hennepin medical center. >> and i think you just said that is a shockable rhythm per your protocols? >> yes. pulses is a shockable protocol. >> you -- what made you notice the change? in terms of the we periodically >> and was the lucas device giving compressions. >> the lucas device was giving compressions at the time. >> initially he was in asystole and you at some point saw on the monitor that there was the possibility of pulses electrical activity, is that right? >> correct. we would pause lucas, do a pulse check. it looked like a rhythm check with the pulses, and i elected to defibrillate that and he remained on his quote, unquote, dead state and we continued on with the cardiac arrest. >> and so just to be clear, i mean, when someone is in the state that you're describing, are you looking for any opportunity to administer a shock or provide additional treatment that you might be able to? >> yes. he's a human being and i was trying to give him a second chance at life. >> but ultimately were you able to generate a pulse or any positive change from that shock that was a

>> this is a press release that was put out by the hennepin county medical examiner's office at the time they certified the cause and manner of death of mr. floyd. >> and is it your understanding that the medical examiner's office generates this type of a press release report in certain cases? >> yes. >> so there's a section in press release report that refers to manner of death? >> yes. >> let's see if we can highlight that. and we see the word there homicide. >> yes. >> we saw -- we see also in here information we saw on death certificate with a press release that says also how the injury occurred. >> yes. >> and would you read that for the record? >> how injury occurred, he experienced cardiopulmonary arrest by being restrained by law enforcement officers. >> yes. >> so let me show you what is market as exhibit 918. and homicide is death. >> yes. >> and would you explain to the jurors a little bit about what it is medical examiners look to when they're trying to determine manner of death? >> sure. so unlike cause of death which could be anything, we only have five options for manner o

fourth element, the defendant's act took place on or about may 25, 2020 in hennepin county.f you find each of these elements has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant is guilty of this charge. if you find that any of the elements have not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant is not guilty of this charge unless you find the state has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is liable for this crime committed by another person or persons, according to the instructions below that are listed on page 8 under the heading, liability for crimes of another. the defendant is charged in count ii with murder in the third degree in connection with the death of george floyd. under minnesota law, a person causing the death of another by perpetrating an act imminently dangerous to others and defensing a depraved mind without regard for human life but without intent to cause the death of any person is guilty of murder in the third degree. the defendant is charged with committing this crime or intentionally aiding the commission of this crime. the ele

>> yes. >> he's the chief medical examiner for hennepin county at this time?yes. >> now, you were provided, again, with all of the information from his report, and i would like to go through a few of the things with you. let's talk about mr. floyd's heart first. >> okay. >> what was the size of mr. floyd's heart as measured at autopsy. >> the weight of mr. floyd's heart was 540 grams. >> okay. and would you explain or would you describe that as an enlarged heart? >> i would say it's a slightly enlarged heart, yes. >> and there are some different measures of how to base an enlarged heart, or how to determine if a heart is enlarged. right? >> right. by some categories, that heart would not be considered enlarged. >> so there's two, as i understand it, two different kind of primary measurements, or primary ways of comparing mr. floyd's heart to determine if it's enlarged. right? the molina studies and the northwestern studies? >> oh, oh, i see, oh, there's probably multiple ways of looking at heart weights. i mean, those are two of them. there's the study from th