this was reported in 1889 by henry parsons. henry parsons, he was a very smart person and we will see why. he spoke about various theories that may have caused this 1889 epidemic. one of the theories of the time and i'm not making this, was tainted russian oats. the suggestion was that the russians were bringing the disease from the east through europe and tainted russian -- not every outside society blame this but today we are still blaming the russians for pretty much everything. back in the great flu epidemic and earlier perhaps the russians were behind it as well. but parsons said was smarter than that and he dug a little deeper. he suggested. he said, it could be the weather. perhaps there is something floating around in the areas of course partially true, there is something in the air although is person-to-person contact more. he suggest that maybe and non-living particulate matter. it's an actual description of a verse turned out to be a nonliving particulate matter. so describing the possible cause of the flu. it could

to do with the spread and of course we know today it is related to the spread of influenza 89, henry parsons was onto something when he discussed the possibility that birds were involved. so there is an example of people trying to think this through in a logical way there's no doubt it is a viral particles which is many times more than the bacteria the microscope was developed and not able to be used around 1859, and so we have pictures of the influenza virus, pictures, diagrams. in fact scientists today know the genetic code of a work together and with those proteins do so the degree of advantages to something that we can see and identify and know a lot about i think is a remarkable example of the progression of science. now we can identify the viral particles onto its genetic makeup, its genetic construction. so, in that respect, we have come a long way in understanding the cause of the disease which brings us to the last part. the way we've changed in terms of vaccines and prevention. there were attempts to produce early vaccines to influenza. back in the 80s he developed his own set of v