hermann walter bion he took out 68 teenagers in the alps in order to give them spiritual and physical education in nature and the bible became the ideological base of this community. it is assumed that such institutions were also created in our country exclusively to educate children in a certain ideology, but this is not entirely true; the first summer camps appeared in 1922 immediately after the end of the civil war in the russian state and the creation of the soviet union , a pioneer movement was born in the ussr, and war and famine left behind many homeless children. pioneers of the townspeople for the summer they were taken out to nature to live in tents, and exhausted by hunger, orphaned children were sent to the sea for recovery. that is , for some time, two types of summer camps existed in parallel. the children by the sea mostly rested in them, and the pioneers, who were taken out of the city for the whole shift , worked them into groups according to age and interests , they put leaders from among the komsomol members or teachers at the head, and together with them the squads