we joined with hewitt associations. and we looked at 401(k) participation, for 3 million people.but when you look at the data by race, it was even more disturbing. specifically, we looked at, for example, participation rates. if you look at the 401(k) plans at the big companies, white americans on average, 77% of workers participated in the plan. only 66% of african-americans were actually participating. when we do participate, how much do we contribute? the typical white american, was putting away about 8% of their pay. the typical black american, putting away about 6%. that's a big difference. >> ideas for closing the gap here. i'm looking at those numbers. >> yes. there are three ideas that were pretty powerful. one, we think many companies don't even know this problem exists. so, one thing they could do is look at their own 401(k) plan by race and ethnicity, which is the number one predictor of participation. secondly, loans and early withdraws from 401(k) plan. an african-american is 67-times more likely to have a loan than their white counterpart. a loan should be portable.