ensn short the bombs -- he ured the bombs that would hit hiroshima and nagasaki would bear a british and american seal of approval. more on that later. let me go back to today's theme. and expanding that small essay to a book length treatment, i discovered the nuclear churchill, the nuclear statesman. churchill's career as a nuclear statesman splits into three chronological phases. if i may, i would like to run through those now. is thest phase, it wartime phase. the first phase is what i call phase.mic bomb maker let me take you back in time to 1941, more precisely to the 30th of august, 1941. churchill is 15 months into his premiership. this country is in a desperate struggle for survival. on the 30th of august, 1941, his love of science fiction and the appliance of science to warfare, his belief in technology all come together along with the urgent promptings of the man in the bowler hat. lindemann, his nuclear mentor. they come together to produce churchill's approval for a british effort to develop an atomic bomb. oys.s codenamed tube all i think we can all guess what the great

on the sixth of august 1945, little boy, the codename for the uranian bomb, is dropped on hiroshima. on the ninth of august 1945, fat man, the codename for the plutonium bomb, is used on -- against nagasaki. i think the impact of these two weapons of mass destruction is so well-known i don't really need to underscore it. but churchill, the most important thing, although he is leader of the opposition, is that japan surrenders. for churchill, it is cause and effect. surrender comes within five days of the second atomic bombing. eight years later, 1953, 1954, in his final volume of the war, churchill maintained two things. first, the decision to use the bomb in 1945 was a joint decision between himself and president truman. the second thing he maintains, and i am going to quote him again, is the decision to use the bomb was never even an issue. his thinking went like this. in war, bombs get used. the allies were at war with japan in the summer of 1945. the atomic bombs were weapons of war. it is a fact you use those weapons. ethical qualms were for church hill a luxury for others to in

if you think hiroshima about 15.f you look at 15 is hiroshima and 160 is the current nuclear test. the president is right when he said he is the cumulative end of this. the acceleration of the missile technology, however is there an out? >> it doesn't matter. it's true when you are talking about in terms of how much he should get. everyone thinks the time to stop this was 25 years ago, but it's real and you have seen china more more decisively because of the urgencey and you can argue it's that big dark red circle you showed on the graphic. not what prompted china, but it was with the obama administration and with this administration front and center. >> i don't mean to be a downer, there are outs, but they might be worse than the idea of not having a nuclear weapon. how much work would you do to make that not a possibility and how much potential humanitarian disaster would you wreak on the people who you hope would not rally around the flag if you did to get rid of the possibility of they would not have the nuclear

officials a nobel peace prize recipient a discussing nuclear disarmament trying to ensure hiroshima never happens again pope francis launched the event by condemning all nuclear weapons. i firmly condemned refer to their use as well as that very. very exist in the service of a mentality of fear that affects not only the parties in conflict but the entire human race. listens to this mentality has led to tension on the korean peninsula and it's worrying rhetoric between washington and pyongyang this is the first major international gathering since the un approved a treaty banning all nuclear weapons or excellence of the vice president over fifty countries signed the treaty in september but the nine nations with a nuclear arsenal and all nato members boycotted the talks in a debate nato deputy secretary general defended their position the treaty risks undermining years of steady progress under the nonproliferation treaty. importantly the ban treaty disregards the security conditions and nuclear challenges that we face most prominently today the emergence of nuclear weapons and long range mis

so, when th bombs were dropped n hiroshima and nagasaki, he was overjoyed and even though there was a very controversial move more so as the years went by, that kind of cemented the political point of view for the greatest generation of men and women, there was a very clear delineation between right and wrong and between good and bad. all of those wit this with axiss were the bad guys. all of that kind of black-and-white definition, all of that fed into the acting career. it was part of a hero mission. when the war ended, he was a huge supporter of the fdr and then of course when fdr died and truman became president, huge supporter mostly because of the dropping of the bombs. he and adlai stevenson supporter, i know a lot of people think there's a lot more to his story. he actively campaigned for adlai stevenson in 1952. stevenson was running against eisenhower so that is part of the individual thought, where even though eisenhower was a war hero and celebrated, he believed that stevenson was more on the same level as roosevelt as the real roosevelt liberal, and eisenhower might have

so when the bombs were dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki, charlton heston was overjoyed. even though that was a very controversial move, marshall as the years went by, that kind of cemented his political point of view. for the world war ii is over, the greatest generation men and women, there was a very clear delineation between right and wrong. and between good and bad. they all felt that they were the good guys, the whole generation, and all felt quite clearly that the japanese, the germans, all the axis powers, where the bad guys. all of that kind of black and white definition of war, good, evil, all of that fell into his acting career. it was very easy for him to play heroes because he identified with euros. he believed he was part of a heel mission. when the war ended, he was a huge supporter of fdr and then of course when fdr died and truman became president, huge supporter, mostly because of the dropping of the bombs. he was in adlai stevenson supporter. people think of heston, my cold dead hands, but there's a lot more to the story. he actively campaigned for adla

the nuclear attack on hiroshima blanket destruction never seen before nine hundred forty five or since. at this conference at the vatican u.n. officials a nobel peace prize recipient a discussing nuclear disarmament trying to ensure hiroshima never happens again pope francis launched the event by condemning all nuclear weapons. i firmly condemned refer to the u.s. as well as. they exist in the service of a mentality of fear that affects not only the parties in conflict but the entire human race. listens to this mentality has led to tension on the korean peninsula and worrying rhetoric between washington and pyongyang this is the first major international gathering since the un approved a treaty banning all nuclear weapons or excellence of the vice president over fifty countries signed the treaty in september but the nine nations with a nuclear arsenal and all nato members boycotted the talks in a debate nato deputy secretary general defended their position the treaty risks undermining years of steady progress under the nonproliferation treaty. importantly the ban treaty disregards the

had the honor -- i wanted to say, i went to japan for the first time over the summer and went to hiroshima. so now seeing the other side of what can happen when something like this breaks out and the devastation, seeing it face to face and going to that memorial which i would recommend everybody does and obviously hearing the responses to president obama's visit, which was legendary at this point and something so wonderful for the country and for our relationship with japan. you hope that we stay away from any of that but you have a greater understanding for the fear in which they live of what is going on in north korea and that something like mark said could happen just even by accident. >> yeah, i would recommend we bring a delegation from pyongyang to hiroshima and nagasaki. >> if they would be willing it would be smart. >> and china as well. china -- if we end up in major warfare on the korean peninsula, china will be the bill payer in a big way. and more importantly what is the end state of the korean peninsula. do they want the west flush up on their border. i think the answer is no.

. >> reporter: ever since harry truman was president after hiroshima and nagasaki, if president wants to launch strike no one can stop him. >> president has the sole authority to give that order, responding to nuclear attack or not. once that order is verified there is no way revoke it. s agrowing concern because of president trump's >> they will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen. >> reporter: and fears both sides will miscalculate north korean missiles able to reach the mainland in 30 to 40 minutes. >> i worry about frankly access to the nuclear codes. >> reporter: at issue, should the president consult congress before launching a preemptive strike and could change the law send signals to adversaries? >> these decisions have been to made in moments, not by courts congress lawyers but commander in chief. >> reporter: consensus, no change no matter who is president. nbc news washington. >>> arriving home in u.s. three ucla basketball stars arrested in china for week including lie anglo ball brother of lonzo ball. commissioner of pac-12 says the matters has been re

. >> reporter: ever since harry truman was president after hiroshima and nagasaki, if president wants to launch an attack, no one can stop him. not his defense secretary or congress, or military officers who would fire the missiles. >> president has the sole authority to give that order, whether we are responding to nuclear attack or not. once that order is given and verified, there is no way to revoke it. >> reporter: it's a growing concern because of president trump's threats against kim jong-un. >> they will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen. >> reporter: and fears sides could miscalculate, with north korean missiles able to reach the u.s. mainland in 30 to 40 minutes. >> i worry about, frankly, access to the nuclear codes. >> reporter: at issue, should the president have to consult congress before launching a preemptive strike and could a change to the law send signals to adversaries? >> these decisions have to be made in moments, and it's not going to be made by courts, congress, lawyers but commander in chief. >> reporter: consensus, no change no matter who

seeen its like walking into a tim burton movie, the colors the smoke, it was like i was looking at hiroshima. it was almost armagedon, apocalyptic in a sense. king's mom, best friends, cousin also lost their homes in the fire. quincy king/lost it hurt it was a pain ive never felt in my life he says.. they all support each other.. and work to stay positive.. as they slowly move forward quincy king/lost home in firethat was then and this is now and i have to move forward and be strong for (marty) u.s. citizenship and immigration services have teamed up with multiple catholic charities in santa rosa. to help residents who need new identification documents. representatives from the mexican consulate ..the d-m-v and federal and state agencies were all in santa rosa saturday. they spent the day helping people who are currently without their i.d's. many resident's documents were destroyed by the flames of the north bay firestorm.(sot) (marty) several santa rosa catholic charities were also there saturday... helping residents with information and advice. ( marty ) coming up... the dub

what are the rules and they ended up setting up spots on the holocaust museum and auschwitz and hiroshimabomb memorial so we were able to say only that te reality world can do things the world wishes were not happening and in that case you say please stop being jerks. please get them out of there so i did enit'd end up being a lite work just more interesting. >> and there are experts that say pokÉmon doesn't count and the reason is do you all have a general sense of the augmented reality? augmented reality is you have some sort of device that covers your vision and includes certain parts of the world giving you the reception that you could imagine where you all saw a little dragon hopping up and down, so in pokÉmon it would be like pikachu floating generally is geographically somewhere that in the ideal augmented reality show to be sittinshould be sitte a shadow passed and make up a specific noise when they walk across and in addition should have some way of knowing that there is a book here so once you get past the buck you pop over it so that is called registration. registration. the vi

the last 20 years, they have gone from a one kiloton bomb to something that is twice the size or hiroshima and now they can put one in space. they have overflown japan twice. this is not something that president trump came up with. hillary clinton when she was secretary of state thought about putting them back on the state sponsor of terrorism list. if you look at the actions of north korea in the recent, this isn't just because of what they have been doing in terms of their nuclear program. this is specific to the assassinations that north korea has supported and driven and ordered in foreign territories like kim jung-man. they sent two women and used vx nerve agent to assassinate kim jong-un's half brother. so their actions have put them in this situation doing back from 1988 when they were first put on the list and taken off as a show of good faith if they would submit to a deal. nothing has worked. the talk has not worked. we have to take more dramatic steps. >> neil: thanks, ben. good seeing you. >> you too, neil. >> neil: we're told the heightened security in many u.s. cities has not

. >> when the united states dropped little boy on hiroshima, the first atomic bomb used in warfare, andr on nagasaki, it was the beginning of the nuclear age. an age of such potential destruction it could end life on earth. our principal enemy, the soviet union, soon had its own nuclear arsenal. i was one of the american schoolchildren diving under desks in a belief that we could survive a russian attack. as a political science student, i was immersed in the great issue and debates of my generation. with the united states and kremlin rivalry lead to a war to end all wars. a 1954 nbc documentary ominously titled three, two, one, zero, was prime time viewing. the idea that the world would end was not an apocalyptic absurdity. for all the fear, no one dared to go nuclear. an uneasy truce settled across the world. not peace exactly but a standoff between the cold war super powers. it was summed in the phrase, mutually assured destruction. if either side started a war, both would disappear. for other countries, the temptation to be part of the nuclear club was too great. and in an age of sui

seeen its like walking into a tim burton movie, the colors the smoke, it was like i was looking at hiroshima. it was almost armagedon, apocalyptic in a sense. king's mom, best friends, and wife's cousin also lost their homes in the quincy king/lost home in fire it hurt it was a pain ive never felt in my life he says.. they all support each other.. and work to stay positive.. as they slowly move forward quincy king/lost home in firethat was then and this is now and i have to move forward and be strong for myself and be strong for my family. (herm) (jr stone) u.s. citizenship and immigration services.... have teamed up with multiple catholic charities in santa rosa. to help residents who need new identification documents. representatives from the mexican consulate ..the department of motor vehicles....federal and state agencies were all in santa rosa today. they spent the day helping people who are currently without their i.d's. many resident's documents were destroyed by the flames of the north bay firestorm. (sot) (jr stone) several santa rosa catholic charities were also there today... help

the largest, known as the bravo shot, was 1000 times more powerful than the hiroshima bomb and vaporizedll islands. the nuclear testing forced people from their homes and caused long lasting health impacts, including womomen givg birth to jellyfish babies -- tiny infants born withth no bon. in 2014, the marshalall islands launched an unprecedented lawsuit against the united states and eight other countries at the international court of justice at the hague, accusing them of failing to meet international commitments for nuclear disarmament. the lawsuit was rejected in 2016 after the court said it did not have jurisdiction over the case. well, for more on climate change and the long legacy of nuclear testing, we're joined now by the president of the marshall islands herself hilda heine, and , her daughter, poet and climate change activist kathy jetnil-kijiner. we welcome you both to democracy now! madam president, your thoughts islands cop, first this first cop summit, the u.n. climate summit sponsored by another south pacific island, fiji, the significance of this? >> it is very significa

war heads which range from being about 10 to 20 times more powerful than the bombs which destroyed hiroshima sake. >>> coming up, breaks nuch am attorney general jeff sessions testifies he now recalls a trump campaign meeting in which russia contacts were in fact discussed. couldn't remember it at an earlier congressional hearing. does he just have a faulty memory when it comes to russia? >> i will not accept and reject accusations that i have ever lied. that is allie. you nervous? ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ casual fridays at buckingham palace? alright, off you go. surprising. what's not surprising? how much money nathan saved by switching to geico. fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more. you know how painful heartburn can be. for fast-acting, long-lasting relief, try doctor recommended gaviscon. it quickly neutralizes stomach acid and helps keep acid down for hours. relieve heartburn with fast- acting, long-lasting gaviscon. >>> happening now, breaking news ach selective memory? attorney general jeff sessions tells lawmakers he not only remembers a controversial discussion about the trump camp

it does not create nuclear explosion like nagasaki or hiroshima. this is radiation material and spreading by means of explosive. scenario was, intel was developed that would, that law enforcement had word that a terrorist organization had stolen radiological material, they practiced methods to intradict that stolen material prior to a dirty bomb going off. so they practiced that throughout the bay area in the days leading up to it. our portion as the fire department is the right of boom, after the explosion has happened. the fire services role in that. so we did a scenario over by station 4 where a car bomb, a dirty bomb went off. we responded to it and we practiced doing an m.c.i., a mass casualty incident, 50 patients, hot zone, detect radiation present, respond to it and rescue the people out, triage them, and transport, the hospitals also did participate in the drill. their portion was to receive contaminated patients and practice decontamination prior to going to the emergency room. so deal with that, m.c.i., identify radiation present and rec

yield estimated to be a hundred kill killatons which is almost seven times stronger than the bomb on hiroshima. at the senate armed services committee hearing on asia asian-pacific strategy, in april of this year, a panel of expert witnesses agreed with me that north korea currently represents the most imminent threat to our national security. on july 4 of this year, north korea made a major breakthrough with their first successful ibcm launching. if launched on a standard trajectory, the missile could likely have traveled up to 5,000 miles. that's enough to reach alaska. on july 28 of this year, north korea tested another icbm. this missile demonstrated the potential ability to reach mainland united states targets with a nuclear armed icbm. now yesterday, that was the big day, yesterday it finally happened. yesterday north korea proved that it can reliably range the entire continental united states with a test of its latest developed and newest version of the icbm. so it's important to remember that all the power is being wielded by an erratic, desperate kim jong-un and we don't have the luxu

nuclear and missile tests ok it's a lot of growth we thank you very much for speaking to us from hiroshima well shortly after north korea conducted its sixth the nuclear test in early september al jazeera journalist alex to topless a compulsory three things to know about north korea's missile test so he highlights in this article north korea's recent technical milestones in long range missile technology would stand out and why they matter so you can read this post by heading to al-jazeera dot com. and we are getting many questions and comments to our story on north korea so keep them coming to us here at the news grid you can tweet us use the hash tag a.j. english and we're on facebook dot com slash a.j. english or you can send us a whatsapp at plus nine seven four five zero triple one one four nine just a reminder to use the hash tag a.j. news grid now to syria where there are two important aspects of the war now in its seventh year and they are unfolding this hour in fact so what's happening in geneva is that government negotiators are attending the latest round of political talks aimed

after hiroshima and nagasaki.ight now, if the president decides to launch a strike, he could consult with civilian and militaried a risy advisers. but ultimately, these minutemen would have to follow the president's orders, launching within minutes. today's heari ining comes as th u.s. faces a growing threat from north korea. with the latest estimates predicting a missile launch from kim jong-un could reach the u.s. in 30 to 40 minutes. >> north korea best not make anymore threats to the united states. >> reporter: that stark reality has not toned down mr. trump's red r rhetoric. >> they will be met with fire and fuhryry like the world has never seen. >> reporter: president trump lashing out at kim jung un. >> i worry at the answers to the nuclear code. there's little to stop him. >> reporter: as for those who believe trump's generals could overrule the president, the law says they could not. and this is an i congress has not addressed for decades. but is suddenly front and center, as tensions rise between preside

after hiroshima. prie right now if the president decides to launch a strike, he could consult briefly military advisers who might try to change his mind. ultimately the airmen and missile silos in north dakota would have to follow the president's orders launching within minutes. today's hearing comes as it faces a growing nuclear threat from north korea. with the latest estimates predicting a missile launch by kim jong-un could reach the u.s. within 30-40 minutes. >> north korea best not make anymore threats to the united states. >> that stark reality has not toned down mr. trump's rhetoric. they will be met with fire and furry. like the world has never seen. >> with the president lashing out at kim jong-un, alarming some former national security officials about a preemptive first strike. >> i worry about frankly access to nuclear codes. in a fit of peak he decides to do something about kim jong-un, there's actually very little to stop him. >> as for those who believe trump's generals, mattis, kelly,

seeen its like walking into a tim burton movie, the colors the smoke, it was like i was looking at hiroshimait was almost armagedon, apocalyptic in a sense. king's mom, best friends, and wife's cousin also lost their homes in the fire. quincy king/lost home in fireit hurt it was a pain ive never felt in my life he says.. they all support each other.. and work to stay positive.. as they slowly move forward quincy king/lost home in firethat was then and this is now and i have to move forward and be strong for myself and be strong for my family. (robin) the mountain lion captured in san francisco has been released back into the wild. this is video of the animal being captured on friday. the young cat was spotted in the diamond heights neighnorhood. fish and wildlife came out and tranqulized the animal. wildlife officials say it was probably seeking new territory. the cat was fitted with an ear tag and a g-p-s tracker. it was released on saturday in the crystal springs area of san mateo county. (robin) and here's a live look outside... at the embarcadero. welcome back. san francisco has installe

and by the way, that is heating the oceans at a rate greater than setting off a hiroshima-style nuclear bomb in the oceans and having all of the heat of the nuclear explosion absorbed by the oceans, more than one explosion per second. so it's quite a heat transfer. i asked miss white about a basic scientific principle. do you think if the ocean warms, it expands? does the law of thermal expansion apply to seawater, end quote? after a long pause, she replied, again, i do not have any kind of expertise or even such layman's study of the ocean dynamics and the climate change issues. for somebody who wants to lead the white house council on environmental quality and help guide the science in this area, it's a pretty rudimentary scientific principle that water expands as it warms. if you can't grasp that, good luck grasping the risks that sea level rise poses to coastal communities like ours in rhode island. the climate science special report states that -- and i'm quoting here -- it is virtually certain that sea level rise this century and beyond will pose a growing challenge to coastal com

cities oyed 64 japanese hiroshima and ng hiroshima.d so this nuclear weapons are good only for that.or killing civilians. and that doesn't win wars, what defeating armies, so they are not very useful weapons really, they are a to all nd a threat people and all countries, in my view. host: one more call for you from richmond, virginia, line for republicans, charles, ahead. yes, listening to what they are about nuclear weapons, think of something that you can is a big ke it firecracker or something like that. totally weapon would destro destroy -- number one, guys in submarines that have to do this, will i have somewhere to go when i surface and after we have done this damage? one comment you made about the absolute correct, ussia didn't even declare war on japan until after the united states attacked it, russia until late. my concern is that the religious people don't ause understand, nobody understands, material that exploded weighed less than a gram and it container, once get wrap it where you can in c-4, it will explode. youou look at bombs and all see are picture of the top of the

notan's decisive moment is in the approving of the attacks on hiroshima and nagasaki, it is on august0, after nagasaki. he prohibited the military from using nuclear weapons without his permission and he maintains throughout his presidency the idea that the president is the only person -- in part of this is this trusted generals -- and this is a team in the cold war. the recently have the system is the president said this is not a military weapon, but a political one. it is unacceptable to be used lightly. only an elected, high official of the country, should be able to make that decision. the irony is now we are talking about how whether the military can be a check on the president, it is inverted from what the early cold war arrangement was. useful fory is understanding because people will say, how did we end up in this crazy system? this was seen as a great idea in the 1940's to 1960's because the fear was opposite of the one people talk about today. host: let me get your reaction to the hearing we covered with pete seeger, former special adviser on the national security council, r

see, nobody remembers hiroshima.f everybody wants to be in the condition like the japanese after we dropped that bomb over there, then they don't like living. it's about living, surviving, and being comfortable and happy. host: ok, let's go to alabama, republican line. you're next. go ahead. caller: yes, sir. what i like to tell our american u.s.a. mainland lovers, the first thing, i'm a staunch republican that love responsible democrats, and sensible republicans. and the confusion here is that whether you support the rich or whether you support the poor or the middle class, the system is designed where it takes care of each other, because americans know how to take care of themselves. the biggest problem we have as republicans is we have a person who is a democrat like donald trump, he came from the democrat side. his thinking, his viewpoints is not supported by republicans. it's not republicans believe. and we are saying that it has a republican brand. but however, i would like to say that i want everyone to be hap