the hiroshima of cover-up and by the way can be hiroshima or her russian mutt. >> i mix them up and i shouldn't but it should be hiroshima. >> it's a lovely small moment in the book where the editor of "the new yorker" says i have learned a new way have to pronounce it. you have to say her russian mutt not hiroshima. it's an extraordinary book. it's about a catastrophic event that more importantly about the coverage of that event and how it turned into words. you call it the hiroshima cover-up. i have as you know lesley a particular and very parochial interest in this book. it's very much about the history of "the new yorker" and the evolution and development of "the new yorker" but he forwarded to "the new yorker" and how the internal dynamics of "the new yorker" shape this book in many ways what do you mean by the cover-up? what was the state of play when john hersey went off to japan to do the reporting and his legendary -- which filled an entire issue of "the new yorker" in and the first time it's ever happened a year after the bombing. >> you were a sounding board for me since th

hiroshima was leveled. i don't want to be graphic on the broadcast -- [inaudible] when he got there, he was so disturbed by what he was finding, and even the fluff stories were not entirely wrong. i mean,, there was a re- growth, but they had been unnaturally stimulated to grow back. everything was horrible and unnatural and so he wanted to try to get the reporting done as quickly as possible and get out of there because it was so traumatizing for him. >> and he did. where did he actually do his writing? >> very smartly, he and william decided he would do his reporting and bring it back to new york, because even though the wartime censorship had ended in the states in the fall of 1945, japan and america were still at war in the occupation of censorship. so, he got out of hiroshima and came back to new york -- >> this is the kind of detail that only writers relish in, but i do. he had his notebook from the interview. >> okay, so that was another thing that i was interested in is how did hersey take his notes

united states dropped an atomic bomb on hiroshima, japan. injuries and deaths from radiation would haunt the city for decades. this was produced to mark the 50th anniversary of the bombs and features the stories of several survivors, and the story of one family trying to make sense of the tragedy. ♪ ♪ >> the carps have been running a lot. >> oh, yeah, you're right. >> they have been winning the past three games. this time they won 12-4. look, we're going to the ceremony today, you know. >> people are already there and lining up? >> no, this is a picture of last year's ceremony. after the bomb drops the dome didn't collapse. >>> the night before august 6th, the enemy planes were constantly flying over hiroshima. around 7:30 the next morning, there was a siren indicating that the planes retreated from hiroshima. so all of the students and teachers started to go to school. at 805 they gathered all of the students together on the playground. the students started to line up in front of the podium. today we have a modern steel podium, but then we

coming up, how hiroshima's trees became a symbol of survival.s, revealing the truth about a civil war trustee in el salvador. the algerians who fought with france against independence. and the man who invented the revolutionary prosthetic leg. but first, with a remarkable global effort to create coronavirus vaccines, we look back at a previous world changing vaccination breakthrough. in 1955, a group of scientists led by doctorjonas salk announced the discovery of the first polio vaccine that saved millions from death and disability. his son, doctor peter salk, spoke to us about his father's extraordinary achievement. back in the 1950s, people were overjoyed at the fact that here isa vaccine that is going to protect us from this terrible, frightening illness. polio is a disease that is caused by a virus that gets into a person's mouth, the virus grows in the intestinal tract and then gets into the bloodstream from which it moves to the brain and the spinal—cord, kills the nerve cells that signalled the muscles when to move, and because of that c

and i really don't have a childhood memory of hiroshima and nagasaki. there are a whole bunch of interesting experiences i have that i think led me to my interest in writing about the history ofnuclear weapons . perhaps the first one ironically i think was a job i had between my freshman and sophomore year in college. i was born in brooklyn, parents didn't own a car. we had traveled almost not at all before i went to college. i was at dartmouth and i got the idea that i'd like to go out west and do something exciting. see the real america. and i was told that if you were a geology major us to the chairman of the geology department declared a major, he might help you get a job out west so i did that. and i think he gave me about 12names and addresses of companies out west . i got, i wrote all of them. i got two responses. one was no thank you and one was from a very nice man at the utah construction company in denver colorado. who wrote, if you're in the area stop by and we will see what wecan do for you . so i call my parents told them i had a job. i wa

this is what hiroshima looked like some 75 years ago.hhen the atomic bomb was unleashed. a searing flash of light lit the sky and everything plunged into blackness as flames enveloped the city. high school student in hiroshima prefecture created these computer graphics. >> under a teacher's guidance, they amassed a huge collection of materials about how people lived in those days, and what the city looked like toen sure the accuracy of their computer simulation. >> they've also archived more than 400 testimonies by hibakusha, people who survived the bombing. to understand their experiences and reflect them in the simulation. >> a tornado of fire and smoke tore through the building. the sun disappeared and i was surrounded by a sea of fire. >> akihara, a member of the team, has never had a chance until now to talk about the damage caused by the bomb. >> translator: without a deep understanding of what happened, it would just be follow. this work has been really important in helping me develop my own ideas. >> the students also ask survivo

point largely because it had never been tested and just 21 days before the bomb was used against hiroshima and that in june to view that as a science project. what made you choose this particular moment to have the idea with a key moment in history to put you in it and at the time they are faced with these momentous challenges and they don't know what will be happen more what happening and with the control of gorbachev i was fortunate enough to cover six years of reagan and those summits but having covered it in real life the drama of reykjavÍk in these discussions and the possibility they could be in all nuclear weapons i meant it all falls apart. but he said they feel was one thing they go with the hopes and have the meeting so in februar february 2019 president trump was going to deliver the state of the union address and then to invite those tv anchors over to the hideaway in the capital and those that a lot of the speakers have and the prediction and washington was is the republican president democratic speaker and vice versa that they word deliver the rebuttal even before the preside

she was a 10-year-old girl and came from a wealthy family in hiroshima and like a lot of families allhroughout the country, they didn't have any expectation of an atom bomb, but they expected to be bombed. they hadn't been bombed at all. so, the parents would send their children out to the countryside so that if there were a bombing, they'd be safe. they went hideko, her parents did, what they thought was a school and ended up being a work camp, and she was a willful 10-year-old hated it. she couldn't send a letter home because the school sensored it, because a lot of students were telling their parents get me out of here. so she snuck into the town mailed a letter to the local post office get me out of here. her mother shows up august 4th to rescue her and she was thrilled and thank you, mom. and the mother says, hideko, look, there's a lot of fear in the cities, let's stay out here in the countryside for a few days and she said, absolutely not. i want to go home. so she spend the night and go home on august 5th of course, that means that they are in hiroshima when the bomb is droppe

on hiroshima.nd one of the things that comes across to me he really means business this next piece is an artifact three dimensional artifact from our museum collection amanda do a close-up of the tag that's attached to this. let me talk about the objects first and then the tag that is with it off to the side. i got it right here all put up in a minute first of all the green black and silver plug is the safety plug taken out of the bomb views from the plutonium bomb that was dropped on nagasaki. the description on the tech tells us that to. the green plug was removed and replaced with a red activating plug on the box card. the name of the b 29 that carried the bomb on its mission. the plane's commander let me show you this. this is the safety plug it was removed and put in the red activating plug. if you look on the next page you can see this more upright and more easier to read. 10th of august 1945. i certify that this is one of the two green safety plugs used and nagasaki japan the night of august

and the first one there is hiroshima is the fourth one there listed is nagasaki. the second point says that the additional bombs will be delivered on the above targets as soon as they are made ready by project staff. now, we found out later that in the early part of august only two bombs were ready. and they used both of them. the third bomb wasn't probably going to be ready until around the 16th or 17th of august. thea[7)2rr third point there is the dissemination of any information about this is reserved for the secretary of war and the president. so the military are not going to make any comment about this. and any new stories, any people asking for information they need to refer back to the secretary of war and to the president for them to respond to. and then the last point is any -- this is done with the approval of the secretary of war, which i mentioned before, is stimson and the chief of staff and then it also mentions that a copy has been sent to general mcarthur and a copy has been sent to admiral nem its. this is the closest you're going to get to the a

so, august storm, in other words, along with hiroshima and nagasaki helped. what percentage i won't say, but helped to end the pacific war. that meant no operation olympic. the allied invasion of largely american invasion of the southern island. it meant no operation cornet, the american invasion of the big japanese island of honshu, in tokyo where most japanese still live today. no bloody campaign to fight through the japanese home islands, fighting that would would have generated monstrous casualties, once likened from-to-an okinawa from one end of japan to another. let's just say truman was correct on some level, invasion of japan would have been very bloody indeed. i'm sure there are people in the room who would say manchurian didn't matter. allies had no way of knowing that when they were begging stalin in february at yalta to join the war against japan. i like what he said about the atom bomb. invisible thing. then you ram them into one another and they blow up. it does. it requires an act of imagination for anyone who is not a nuclear physicist, which

and did he in fact wait for hiroshima before pulling the trigger?> now he didn't wait until hiroshima before he pulled the trigger on the manchurian operation. it's too big. you don't just turn it on. it required a great deal of preparation. and again, a great number of troops, equipment and tanks, tens of thousands transferred across the entire eurasian land mass. whether stalin was certain the japanese power was national. he was going to pick up a slightly easier victory at the end that could have been how he thought but it doesn't appear, i will tell you 100 percent, the doctor could probably answer this better than i can. i don't think that a operation as big as august stone we are calling can be plugged in. let's attack manchuria. they would be too much planning necessary. three months and a day as it turned out. stolen was late by a day on his promise of three months. >> doctor, to your right here. >> oh boy. >> oh boy. >> i was going to come to your defense but now i think i'll sit down. >> there is a element of the german operation that gets

along with hiroshima and nagasaki, this helped to end the pacific war.that meant no operational -- the allied invasion of the southern island. it meant no operation cornet, the american invasion of the big japanese island of how to, the island with tokyo, where most japanese still live today. the bloody campaign to fight through the japanese home islands, that would have generated casualties similar to okinawa. that is harry truman. without re-fighting the entire scholarly debate, let's just say truman was correct on some level. an invasion of japan would have been very bloody indeed. but while we are talking about japanese surrender, let me make one more point. i think it bears repeating. even if you say to adam bombs did it all by themselves and the invasion of manchuria than nothing to the japanese, which there are people who say that, and you can make the argument, but even if you say, that the allies had no way of knowing that when they were begging stall and back in february at yalta to join the war against japan. i like with the doctor said about

in 20 obama became the first american leader to visit hiroshima. he offered traditional origami crane as message of hope and peace. one of them is on display in an exhibition on pearl harbor. it sits next to a crane made by a famous bombing victim exposed to the radiation and died at the age of 12. >> i was interested in what he was doing and who he was. i still believe he was a strong person. especially for his efforts. >> but the pandemic presented her classmates from making the trip. so they decided to emulate obama as a gesture of peace. they hope to spread the message by exchanging origami with studentings around the world. she was inspired by her grandfather. during world war ii he was interned as an enemy in a location camp because of his japanese heritage. he later joined the u.s. army and fought in the vietnam r. that caud post-traumatic stress disorder and he was harmed by a chemical called agent orange. >> at the end of his life four years ago, he was suffering from a lot of pain buzz of the symptoms from that event. so seeing how he liv

he didn't wait until hiroshima until he pulled the trigger on the manchuriaen operation.t's too big. it required great deal of preparation and a great number of troops, equipment, and tanks, tens of thousands, transferred across the land mass. whether stalin was certain that japanese power had been smashed and he was going to pick up an easier victory at the end, it may well have been how he thought it. but it does not appear -- i will tell you 100% and the doctor can answer this better than i can, i don't know the soviet documents at this point, but i don't think an operation as big as august storm we're calling it can just be plugged in at the last. they've dropped a bomb. let's attack manchuria. too much planning is necessary. months. actually, three months. three months and a day. stalin was one day late on his promise. that was left deliberately, i think. >> to your right here, rob. >> i was going to come to your defense, but now i'll sit down. there's an element to the manchuria operation that gets overlooked. the soviets regard whatever they get in manchuria as rep

>> i think the airstrips on hiroshima were used and the ones on okinawa were, as well.t answer definitively on that part, but i can't imagine they were not. one of the early things that would have happened after the major forces start moving south is you start having to refurbish those airstrips. >> and we have a comment here not necessarily a question, but several different comments. a number of people have mentioned relatives or grandparents and what not, grandfathers that served but aaron says my dad was a staff sergeant initially involved in inventory and supplies and as the battle escalated he and his unit were in charge of inventorying the american soldiers killed during battle. i can imagine that was a grim duty, but a necessary one, nonetheless. >> and so many times as you found in this case i was talking about, they never do find the bodies. they've just been lost. and most of the casualties that would have been initially buried on okinawa would have been moved to other cemeteries. because, again, the american policies you don't have cemeteries on terrain, on l

it's now been 35 years since the first atomic bomb fell on hiroshima.great majority of the world's people cannot remember a time when the nuclear shadow did not hang over the earth. our minds have adjusted to it, and after time our eyes adjust to the dark. the risk of a nuclear conflagration is not lessened, it is not happened yet, thank god, but that can give us a little comfort for it only has to happen once. the danger is becoming greater. as the arsenals of the superpowers grow in size and sophistication and as other governments, perhaps even in the future dozens of governments, acquire these weapons, and may only be a matter of time before the madness, desperation greed all miscalculation, let's lose this terrible force. and all in all out nuclear war, more destructive power than all of world war ii would be unleashed every second. during a long afternoon it would take for all the missiles and bombs to fall, of world war ii every second. more people killed in the first few hours and in all the wars of history put together. the survivors if any woul

there is the devastation of the center of hiroshima.st 14th that you have the japanese surrender, only after the emperor insists that's what they're going to do. over the resistance for many of the army officers who resisted, to the very end. yesterday, september 2nd, 1945, that's the 75th anniversary of this event. the formal surrender ceremony on the uss missouri in the tokyo harbor, the man you see sitting there at the desk is none other than general mcarthur. that is the time for some questions and comments, if you have any. and you already have. one >> thomas checks in and asks if it would have taken longer would be possible to isolate the island, preventing any resupply, essentially having siege to the army and starving them into submission. >> part of the argument to use the atomic bomb, it's an argument that rages on to this day. most military strategists then and to this day think it was going to be necessary to invade mainland japan. that is part of the equation. could they have done that? yes, they certainly could have. but t

if you think about the fact that since hiroshima and nagasaki nuclear weapons have not been used on this planet and as a result of tough negotiations and a system of mutual deterrence because we know for nuclear weapons to be used that it could result in the extermination of the planet. thatt. is why deterrence is so important. that is why reciprocity and transparency are so important. the cold t war era approaching e nuclear disarmament does not make sense in the modern world. the administration should use its leverage to convene multilateral calls. america should invite the other nuclear nonproliferation treaty to russia france and the uk and encourage multilateral thoughts and debt nuclear arsenals globally. there is far too much at stake to merely cave to the demands om president putin in moscow and cave in as well to the recalcitrance of beijing to come to the table. the administration must pursue a multilateral comprehensive approach. it's the only practical and workable solution to the vast nuclear threats imposed by china and russia. madam president i yield the floor and i know t

this fighting of the adam and all of the consequences of it since knight tain 45 when i heard about hiroshima the rapee. i am a member of the shut it down of senate a group a group of women that came together to shut down for me with our batteries and action. is that hot yes. we meet once a month we have a pot like here my house and wave figure out what we're going to do and then we do it. vermont yankee is right now my focus because it's a very dangerous oh no claire power plant and if there is that accident at all by this area of knowing and maybe all of new language and uninhabitable for generations it's. the sort of to run in 1972 only had a license to run until 2012. 2009 they applied to the nuclear regulatory commission to get another 20 years on their license so they could run instead 2032 the state of vermont asked me to oversee for mine yankee and see if it was reliable enough to run for true 20 more years so i was chairman of the oversight panel that looked into vermont yankee in 2009 we found 80 problems but if they cleaned up the 80 problems we all signed a report saying reminding

so, just the timeline we hat hiroshima on august 6th and nagasaki on august.the soave yet union suddenly declared war on japan, surprising japan, on august 9th and the red army charging to manchuria, one of the largest ground attacks in the history of the bar and this was tremendous blow to the japanese not only because of the immediate military emergency that it created, but also because their sole remaining hope of a diplomatic exit the war was to bring stalin -- ask stalin to act as a immediatator in arranging peace talks between the americans and the japanese, and so the declaration of war there extinguished that last hope. so was the relative importance of the atomic bombs and sudden russian attack in prompt thing japanese to sure reb center well, historians have debated this and i think it's difficult to say precisely what the relative importance of these things were because the timetable was so compressed. they were both really important the shocks coming together in a short period of time were important. in my view is it's really imimpossible to say. t

we hearfrom the man who invented the polio vaccine, how hiroshima's trees became a symbol of survivalllo and welcome to the travel show, with me, lucy hedges, coming to you from the jungle in northern rwanda, where i am hoping to catch a glimpse of one of the world's most majestic creatures. theme music. rwanda, despite its diverse wildlife and natural beauty, has for decades been an unlikely tourist destination. 25 years ago, the genocide here grabbed international headlines. over 800,000 people were killed in inter—ethnic violence injust 100 days. but a quarter of a century on, and rwanda has become one of africa's bucket list destinations. and its biggest draw, the furry, curious cousin to us humans, the mountain gorilla. so i have been promised a chance of a date with a silverback gorilla... ifeel like i should help them push. ..that is, if i ever make it up the mountain. oh my god, be careful! yeah, yeah, yeah! i am standing here at the foothills of rwanda's volcanoes national park, which is the home and sanctuary of 20 troops of gorilla. it is very exciting, off we go. the park

of the american bombing of hiroshima in 1945. next, we look at world war ii with military historian ian toll "twilight of the gods", the conclusion of his three volume history of the pacific theater and historian grace cat on the daughters of yalta which looks at the relationship between the three women who attended the yalta conference with their fathers. >> welcome to the national world war ii museum evening presentation webinar. my name is jeremy collins and for those of you watching on zoom some brief housekeeping remarks. you are a attendee of our zoom event tonight and that means you do not have video or audio privileges but you can interact with our moderator and guest by writing your question in the q&a box. the moderator will be reviewing those during the question and answer session which will conclude tonight's program. and now to introduce the moderator. it is my pleasure to process program over to doctor rob. >> thank you, jeremy. i'm the senior historian at the national world war ii museum in beautiful new orleans, l

on top of that, 150 centimeters of snowfall possible into hiroshima prefecture, that possibility as wellsnow all through the weekend, the holiday weekend, monday as well. tokyo saw temperatures drop off on friday, and we'll see temperatures staying cold as we go through the weekend. osaka, single-digit highs. snow into fukuoka. this cold air mass is going to continue to push toward japan. some of these blue shades indicate some of that colder air. that's going to be the real factor of these chillier temperatures. coming up on saturday in beijing, a high of 2 with sunny skies. quick note in north america, rain continues to be a big part of the story in the pacific nortest. that's going to be something you need to look out for. and more rain for the eastern seaboard as this low moves toward the north. hope you have a good day wherever you are. >>> that's all for this edition of nhk "newsline." i'm yoshi ogasawara in tokyo. thanks for watching, and do stay with us for more. >>> this is "newsline biz." i'm gene otani. japan's largest business group is pledging to encourage more telework as a

it was just the timeline that we had hiroshima on august 6, 94 to 5 and hit nagasaki on august 9. the soviet union suddenly declared war on japan surprising japan also on august 9. essentially you had the red army charging to manchuria with the largest ground attacks in history of war and this was a tremendous blow to the japanese, not only because of the immediate military emergency that it created but also because their sole remaining kind of hope of a diplomatic exit to the war was to bring stoll and or as stalin as a mediator in arranging truce talks between the americans and the japanese and so the declaration of war they are essentially extinguished that last hope of a diplomatic exit to the war. the question is what was the relative importance of the atomic bombs in the sudden russian attack prompting the japanese surrender? historians have debated this and i think it's difficult to say precisely what the relative importance of these things were because the timetable was so compressed and it was clear they were both really important with the shocks coming together in a shor

nhk world, hiroshima. >> yamada, the prosthetic designer, was able to help hagumi through close observationd his effort transcends the animal-human barrier. it really is amazing to see this level of communication. some further news on zoos. many have been losing profits due to enforced temporary closures or restrictions on visitor numbers. they're returning to creative ways like crowd funding to bring in the lost revenue that covers maintenance, food and medicine. without these funds, the health and safety of these animals would be put in jeopardy. it does make one pause and reflect on the huge responsibility of keeping wild life in captivity. >>> when i wake up and see my dogs, i am filled with joy. and when i walk through the door after work i always feel so grateful to have them in my life. through thick and thin, our animal companions give us strength and pleasure. they're there for us, and we should be there for them, not just when it's convenient. a healthy human and animal bond can only thrive when we take into account their welfare. thank you for watching and see you soon. ♪ai■>ú■og

the coronavirus response says the government plans to provide financial assistance to the city of hiroshima where the situation is getting worse. some of those funds would be used to subsidize businesses that shorten their operating hours, as is happening in prefectures under the state of emergency. health authorities reported more than 6,600 new cases across japan on thursday. over 310,000 people have tested positive since the pandemic began. meanwhile, workers at a support project for the entertainment industry conducted a survey on the impact of the coronavirus. it shows just how severe the situation is. the project consists of more than 30 industry groups. it received responses from over 5,000 people, including musicians and actors. over 5% said they had earned no income since calls started last spring for people to stay away from live events. more than 30% said they had no job offers at the time of the survey. over 30% said they had thoughts of dying. playwright and director said arts and culture have been categorized as non-essential. that means financial assistance is a low priority

cheryl crawford wants to know, is there any evidence that any of these atomic vets that went into hiroshima can examine the damage after radiation had -- after the explosion had radiation sickness? hannah: that i am not sure of. i have not spoken to any of those veterans. i'm sure that that can be answered, possibly through keith kiefer if he has had any contact with those veterans. but to my knowledge, not sure. kate: ernest wants to know, have you ever talked to the defendants of any of these atomic veterans? hannah: i have yet to do that. right now, what i am focused on is getting the atomic veterans themselves. their story is recorded now before they pass away. there is a sense of urgency because of their medical conditions. after that, we would start looking at the descendents as a possibility. but it's really the first person perspective that we look for when we do oral histories at the museum. kate: and one question you may not be able to answer, but i think it's interesting. john wants to know, are mortality and morbidity data collected by the u.s. government about these servicemen

section has reflections projectal manhattan veterans looking back over 75 years and perspectives from hiroshima and nagasaki. a couple of weeks in japan in february 2019 and had the privilege of interviewing the mayors of those two cities as well as many other survivors and it is quite a mix of those accounts. plus, an article written for the and kind ofjournal a counterpart article written by who studied the same thing about the threat of the war and the madness with nuclear deterrence. it has been kind of a classic so we hope that this will be a benefit just to listen and be of interest to the casual reader as well. i guess my bottom line is that just like the manhattan project, it is a great work of human collaboration. making a good park, so many people got involved, and it wouldn't have happened without all three communities doing their darndest to make it happen. is still a need to increase public access and work on restoring the facilities. decision to drop the bomb is still controversial and always will be. it is a complex story and a complex legacy. but the story will need to be told a

and chris wallace on the lead up to the bombing of hiroshima in august 1945. >> hello and welcome to the atlanta history center virtual author talk featuring isabel wilkerson in conversation with jon meacham to discuss her new book "caste: the origins of our discontents." i'm kate whitman vice president of community engagement and the honor to be hosting this timely and important conversation. you can purchase additional copies of "caste" from a cappella books on your screen. as isabel and john are talking please submit your questions via the q&a feature at the bottom of your screen and we will get to about six or seven of them if time allows. is the will come to the point the total surprise and national humanities medal and is author of the critically acclaimed "new york times" bestseller the warmth of other son. her debut work of the national book critics circle award for nonfiction and was named -- as well as the new york times list of the best nonfiction of all time. she's taught at princeton and boston university and reflection it wasn't 200 other colleges and universities acros

in an essay titled, you end the atom bomb, published two months after the destruction of hiroshima andnagasaki. in it, he wrote with his customary foresight, quote, for 40 or 50 years past, mr. wells and others have been warning us that man is in danger of destroying himself with his own weapons, leaving the ants or some other gregarious species to take over. anyone who has seen the ruined cities of germany will find this notion at least think it will. nevertheless, looking at the world as a whole, the drift for many decades has not been towards anarchy but towards the reimposition of slavery. we may be heading not for general breakdown, but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires of antiquity, a permanent state of cold war. as in aside, i cannot refrain from mentioning that the cold war might never have happened had churchill had his way. in the wake of the first world war, churchill, who was then secretary of state for war and air, tried to strangle the bolsheviks system in its cradle. winston all against bush of-ism noted one observer in his diary at the time. churchill

he is credited as the hard-nosed realist who dropped the atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki and waged war in korea. truman had drunk from the well of wilsonian internationalism. he was enraptured by a poem that spoke of the need for the end of war in a federation of the world. he copied it out on a piece of paper and decades later, whenever officials or members of congress asked the president why he so fervently supported the united nations, truman would pull the paper out of his wallet and read them tennyson's lines. truman's success at dwight eisenhower battled the armies across europe as the commander of allied forces on continent. he saw that human nature could be dark and vicious. the german fought ferociously to the bitter end and the conclusion he drew from wartime experience was go the extra mile for peace and cooperation. as president, eisenhower made proposals that would be unthinkable today. he called for the abolition of nuclear weapons and that all nuclear energy be placed under international control and used only for peaceful purposes. eisenhower spoke in language that f

and chris wallace on the lead up to the bombing of hiroshima in august 1945. >> hello and welcome to the atlanta history center virtual author talk featuring isabel wilkerson in conversation with jon meacham to discuss her new book "caste: the origins of our discontents." i'm kate whitman vice president of community engagement and the honor to be hosting this timely and important conversation. you can purchase additional copies of "caste" from a cappella books on your screen. as isabel and john are talking please submit your questions via the q&a feature at the bottom of your screen a

he is the author of a world destroyed: hiroshima and its legacy which was a runner-up for the pulitzer prize in 1976. it has been in continuous print for 45 years in 2006 american prometheus: the triumph and tragedy of robert oppenheimer won the pulitzer prize for biography, national book critics circle award and severalother prizes . eric schlosser is an investigative journalist and author. he is the author

the hiroshima galleries. as all of our guests know, whenever anniversaries come up we at the museum think very long and hard. very deeply about how we want to commemorate the various events of the calendar year. and december is always a big time around here at the museum because of world war to buff know that it's the anniversary of pearl harbor. it's also the anniversary of a couple weeks later the biggest battle ever fought in the united states army. so this is part of our pearl harbor commemoration. we have eight events in the museum on wednesday memorializing the u.s. personnel who died in the japanese attack on pearl harbor. we are never going to attack that. but the, day we're going to be focusing in on one particular individual whose path both to and from pearl harbor marks him is pretty unique. and to do that, we have our special friend from the university of maryland college park, robert chester, he's a senior lecturer in american studies. he is always great to have us another student of world war ii

explaining to all of those worried parents back at home, of the bloodletting that is going on with hiroshima. they declare that the island is largely secured. march 16th, the last japanese resistance at cushman's pocket is crushed. that is where we think that bernie she dies. his body is never found. remember, bernie she is the dashing cavalry officer who has his own horse. general send a held out near a gushy, but his body is never failed. don't know what happened to him. and only the northwest corner of the island is still in japanese hands. march 20th then, the fifth division destroys the last japanese pocket of resistance. and the u.s. army arrives for garrison. the general and his staff are in death valley in the area that i just pointed out on the screen. the evening of march 23rd, the general sense out one last message to the japanese homeland in he simply says this. goodbye. that was the only message. the night of march 25th and 26th, the survivors, 200 or 300 of them launch eight desperate predawn attack. they slip through the fifth marines. the attack with knives, grenades, pistols