hitler. the man spoke at inordinate length. 2.5 hours was not unusual. if you read the transcripts, the text of the speech, you shake your head. but in front of an audience, he was a spellbinder. second, fdr had much greater rhetorical challenges than hitler did. hitler had a controlled system. anytime he gave a speech it was claimed to be a rhetorical masterpiece. nobody ever dared tell hitler he was not doing well. he had a press which did what he wanted. if they didn't, they got in a lot of trouble quickly. roosevelt had a much greater set of problems. he had a democracy. a lot of people did not like him and were not afraid to say so. he had to deal with press. reporters liked roosevelt. he gave great press conferences. if you have ever read those, boy i wish i had been there. he joked. he knew them by name. they played games, if you will, and he usually gave them a great story. but editors and owners did not like roosevelt nearly as much. and he got a lot of negative publicity. and the re

what does hitler do? this is a two-hour 20 minute speech he gets. not unusual for hitler. we have heard the introduction. he spends about 18 minutes making the standard german objection to the treaty of versailles. then he spends half an hour on austria, bohemia, and arabia. is the darting in our, and nothing new has that he has been talking for an hour and nothing has been said. now something interesting comes along. after an hour, he surprises everybody and says england has been say nasty things about is lately, and they don't seem to trust us very much. out of courtesy to them, i will annul these anglo german naval pacts that we have. you can't expect england to follow them if they do not believe us. he had already broken them. the british did not know that yet. he abolishes them. then he goes on to talk about the glorious return of the baltic states area. the poland, he says there is little to be said on the topic of german polish relation. except there was. he says we have this nonaggression pact with poland. they have gotten guarantees to england and france. this see

hitler's armies were not hitler's armies were not smashed in the campaign.ries of spectacular victories in the pacific. under general douglas macarthur, american and filipino forces fought a fabulous delaying action in the philippines. manila was declared an open city. because of that system, it was impossible to send supplies for reinforcements. general macarthur established his headquarters in australia and as commander-in-chief of united nations forces in that area, prepared for defenses that would develop inevitably, four, despite setbacks, we had established a supply chain 6000 miles across the pacific that stretched to new zealand. like the other democracies, we were not prepared for total war. fortunately, under a land lease act of march 1941, we had set out to become the arsenal of the free and fighting nations. we were determined to supply them, if they could afford to pay or not. we were buying time -- time to convert the industries of peace into war. time to make ships -- merchant ships and warships. time to make planes and more planes, bombers, a

hitler was happy. britain alone remained hitler's sole barrier to a total victory.h people into submission. nazi planes, now only a few minutes' flight from the english coast, set out to bomb the british people into submission. making fullndists, use of the radio, set out to talk the british people into submission. the voice you heard sounded [indiscernible] >> the blitzkrieg will be carried over the british islands with more rapidity than over poland, norway, holland, belgium, or france. narrator: prime minister churchill rallied his people in what he called their finest hour. nothing but blood and sweat, toil and tears. the accepted his gift. britain was fighting in the seven seas. the invasion was only 20 miles away, and the french fleet was no longer its ally. nazi submarines, bombs, mines constituted a former -- formidable menace. britain hung on. now the nazi output, hitler's ace weapon, was brought. attacked english forts so that even if they tried to escape the minds, they would face description -- destruction at harbor, and the lifeline would be cut at its

hitler had his own leslie parks and arlington halls. the germans wrote important codeses with consequences for both the battle of the atlantic and the north african campaign. during the spring and summer of 1940, they were reading 2,000 british naval messages a month. even after ciphers were changed, u-boat chief still achieved regularly reasonable breaks into convoy traffic, although only about one signal in ten was read quickly enough to concentrate his submarines against them. the postwar american study of german intelligence concluded the enemy possessed at all times a reasonably clear picture of atlantic convoys. in ten days of march 1943, when the germans were for a time ahead in the siga contest, they lost one in five of its ships, a disastrous attrition rate. yet such costly failures sometimes have perverse consequences. several times became fearful the british were reading u-boat codes and all the inquiries. in the end, however, he allowed himself to be reassured by the convoy traffic's vulnerability. he reasoned that if the ro

now, would you want to play hitler, or fake lady hitler?hat's where it's at. >> i won a tony for "hedwig." >> stephen: exactly! >> how can i not do fake lady hitler? >> stephen: when you've got a tony, can you just walk up anywhere, like any broadway show, and go, "i think you've got tickets for me. yo, 'hamilton' is not sold out tonight-- i've got a tony." >> "i'm sorry, we don't have any tickets tonight." >> stephen: "how about for my friend, anthony? does he have some tickets?" ( laughter ) you're doing well, but, like, even though, like, you're a big star and everything like that, and i know you're probably rolling in it, you might get a hurt on your budget this christmas because your son, gideon-- >> gideon. >> stephen: obviously, you and your husband, david, have two beautiful children, gideon and harper. >> twins. >> stephen: and gideon has put out a christmas list, and, let's see, this is what it says. it says, "1, bounce house." ( laughter ) "2--" and is this what it says? "life-sized rocket ship." ( laughter ) ( cheers and applaus

>> fake lady hitler.m telling you, there's an entire score "fake lady hitler." would you like to play hitler or fake lady hitler. >> i won a tony fer hedgewick. >> stephen: when you get a tontony can you walk up to any w and say, "i think you have tickets for me. 'hamilton'" is not sold out. how about for my friend, anthony. does he have tickets? you're doing well, and even though, like, you're a big star and everything like that, and i know you're probably rolling in it, you might get a hurt on your budget this christmas because your son, gideon-- you and your husband, david have, two beautiful children, gideon and harper. >> twins. >> stephen: and dpidon has put out a christmas list. this is what it is. it says, "1, bounce house." ( laughter ) "2--" and is this what it says-- "life-sized rocket ship." ( cheers and applause ) >> that's what he want s. >> stephen: did this get mailed to santa? >> not just yet. ( laughter ) that's-- that's what he's after. >> stephen: yeah. you live in the city, right? >>

i said adolf hitler of the 1930s and 40s is not adolf hitler of the 1920s.y who can reach in and stir a crowd like that has a moral compass that is wishy-washy at best, they don't all turn into adolph hit lerz. but one of them did. >> reporter: beck opposed trump during the campaign. but today despite the barbs he witness threw at trump, beck is cautiously trying to turn the page. >> now he is soon to be leader of the free world you say what? >> the same thing i said at the beginning of barack obama before he made any decisions. i want him to be successful. >> reporter: even extending an olive branch new administration. >> i am reaching out today. i am calling him today. whether he take is my call. not saying he is going to shun it. he is president-elect. >> reporter: you have talked to him? >> no, we reached out. >> reporter: as for the president elect chief white house strategist another matter. steve bannon? >> yeah. >> reporter: your constitution dropped by saying his name. >> the left and the right have their own demons if you will that should be exorci

and after hitler's ascension to power in 1933, many open supporters of hitler's regime became known as the german-american bund who marched down 86th street in full uniform with nazi flags and american flags and they were a constant source of media fascination, a constant tabloid presents -- presence was the leader of the german-american bund. oath that he his made on february 10, 1936. he took it very seriously. he became an american citizen and pledged to abjure all allegiance and ability to any prince, potentate, state or sovereignty. he later said, i had nothing to anymore, i was an american citizen. sorry, i'm not used to talking so much. i will have to water myself occasionally. so when he arrived at homburg, after he arrived in germany, he was contracted by the ridge, -- by the regime as promised several months after arriving in his mother's home. he initially refused the startling offer to go into the german initiative espionage service. go there yourself he told the , man who approached him. dr. entified himself as gastner. but when he refused, the doctor threatened him and de

i think mostly, when it came to hitler -- >> i didn't bring up hitler. >> she brought up hitler. issue -- hillary clinton brought up hitler. the issue is i think she wanted to show she could take a hard line. she could be a hawk and not -- >> was it because ofer gender? >> and the fact that she was the woman diplomacy around the world. >> people like me think of her as a hawk. >> i saw her as a woman of diplomacy. >> a hawk as far as the democrats go. there were a lot of things that she believed in that were more in line with the republicans running in the primary in terms of foreign policy than the democratic party platform. what's the joke, if you bring up hitler, you are losing the argument? >> i think it's a safe thing never to do. >> you criticize that donald trump doesn't have an answer for things like this. you ask her -- her answer was maybe. her answer was, no, oh, but here is where we could, you don't know. >> the difference is -- >> she's a former secretary of state. >> exactly. she was the former setting of state. she dealt with -- >> was her answer yes or no? >> are

>> but she brought up hitler!ought up hitler, the issue is, i think she wanted to show she could take a hard line, she could be a hawk and not a dove. >> you think that's because of her gender? >> her gender. >> the fact that she's the woman of diplomacy around the world. >> people like me think of her as a hawk. >> i saw her as a woman of diplomacy. >> there were a lot of things she believed in that were more many line with the republicans runs in the primary than they were with the democratic party platform. but what's the joke, if you bring up hitler, you're losing the argument? >> i think it's generally -- >> i'm not going to say anything. >> why does it bother you that you criticize that donald trump doesn't have an answer for things like that. her answer was "maybe." her answer was, no, but here's where we could, so you don't know, so her answer was maybe. she's a former secretary of state. >> exactly! she was the former secretary of state. she dealt with -- >> so was her answer yes or no? was her answer yes

on august 23rd the hitler-stalin pact was announced which gave hitler the opportunity to invade pole land without great worry from the power to the east and on the same day that hitler launched the blitzkreig against poland commencing world war ii siebolg fled germany. he went to the american cons lieutenant in cologn seeking help but a mad scene at the consulate in cologne and the consulate clerk said run for the border, we can't help you. flagged down two motorists with northern license plates and fearful he was being followed by the gestapo and he was fearful they were following him, whether they were or not, who knows, and mindful he lacked proper papers to get past the checkpoints he gave in. he wrote to dr. gasner and said he accepted his proposition 100% n.time this dr. gasner introduced him to dr. rankin which was one of the many aliases for nicholas fritts ritter who was an english officer based in hamburg who was looking for had a man he could send to new york as a messenger and a contact man for his small ring of spies there. siebold was nominated for the job, and nicholas

after the war, many german generals blamed their defeat on hitler's refusal to do this. good news was given priority through transmission to berlin, while bad news received short trip. for the invasion of russia, the german high command reduced estimates of impressive soviet arms production. hibbler dismissed the numbers dismissed the numbers out of hand because he couldn't reconcile them with his contempt for all things slavonic. the field marshal nazi defense chief eventually instructed the army to stop submitting intelligence reports that might upset them. by contrast, western democracies profited immensely from the relative openness. churchill sometimes demented -- invented -- vented spasms of anger towards those who voiced unwelcome views, but in general, a remarkably open debate was sustained in the allied core corridors of power. i'm struck by the number of spies of all nationalities whose only achievement abroad at hefty cost to their employers was to stay alive while collecting information of which not a smidgen helped anybody's war effort. perhaps 1000th of 1%

finally, we see an image of adult hitler. -- adolf hitler. kampf" is in his left hand. his right hand is giving up w-- a sig-heil. into her arm. maybe he is talking about eugenics and hitler wanting the aryans to propagate. and there is a sign, "the new order," with an arrow pointing forward. i think that we can view these sculptures through a couple of different lenses. pre-worldm is that war ii and only during world war ii, there is a populist lens we can look at these through. people in the united states were engaged in art in a direct way and used to seeing art that made statements. through the works progress administration, artists like diego rivera, people in the united states were used to seeing murals that made a direct statements. we can definitely relate these sculptures with the political winds at the time. but the other lens you can look at this thread is through the lens of socialites and wealthy people in new york city. in 1938, before the united states entered world war ii, you were already seeing the nazis driving out the jews, the collectors, the wealth

then the hitler's-stalin pact was announced which gave hitler's the opportunity to invade poland and on the same day settler launched the lit seyboldgainst poland, decided to flee germany. he went to the american consulate in cologne, but it was , as you can imagine any consular clerks said run for the border. he flagged down to motorists with foreign license plates who refuse to help. fearful he was being followed by the gestapo, and he was certain they were following him, whether they were or not, who knows, and mindful he lacked proper papers to get past the checkpoint, he wrote to the doctor saying he accepted his proposal 100%. in time, the doctor introduced , one of theenken many aliases for nicholas adolph fritz ritter, an officer based in homburg. looking for a man he could send to new york as a contact man for his small ring of spies there. andas nominated for the job nicholas ritter is a very interesting character. he became fluent in english and married an alabama school teacher, they had two children and at this point, he brought them to germany and is american family, ha

when hitler was called to become chancellor in january 1933, when hitler was called to become chancellor, he was intended to be the puppet of right—wing conservatives. intended to be the puppet of right-wing conservatives. within weeks, he was out of control. there is an unintended consequence of a major, major source. 1830s, 1917, 19 305. each history has something useful to say that none can really tell us about 2016 will lead.|j don't think it had the revolution yet, evan. if the revolution is coming, you will know about it. this is not 1917, ladies and gentlemen. this is the year that democracy actually spoke. come back in 100 years and i will tell you about 2016. a full—length opera composed by an eleven—year—old british girl has received its world premiere at a sold—out performance in vienna. alma deutscher began composing aged four and has already produced concertos for piano and violin, to critical acclaim. her opera, cinderella, relocates the traditional fairy tale to an opera house managed by cinderella's stepmother, with the two ugly sisters re—imagined as aspiring divas. fina

i think people will only see hitler. >> seth: once hitler is there. >> maybe. and i caved. >> seth: you caved? >> i caved. and i was like i agree. >> seth: well, i think your follow up book should just be hitler's bag. >> and i'll really get him. >> seth: really go after him. then like maybe another one of what is in his pocket. he thinks you are done with the bag and then you zing him with something else. >> it will be like a trilogy. just what hitler carried. >> seth: so great to see you as always. congratulations on the book. >> thank you for having me. >> seth: abbi jacobson everybody. "carry this book" is in stores now. we'll be right back with more "late night." [ applause ] ?? ?? ?? ?? mapping the oceans. where we explore. defeating malaria. improving energy efficiency. developing more clean burning natural gas. my job? my job at exxonmobil? turning algae into biofuels. reducing energy poverty in the developing world. making cars go further with less. fueling the global economy. and you thought we just made the gas. ?? energy lives here. is this my car?

the czechs never forgave the west for allowing hitler to take czechoslovakia in march 1939. and so in the first free elections which were held in czechoslovakia, the communists got 38% of the vote. they built a coalition government. but czechoslovakia wanted to join the marshall plan very badly. they thought they could maneuver between east and west. and they sent word to the united states they were interested in joining. but, of course, this was absolutely too much for stalin. instead of allowing them to go he ordered the foreign minister to fly to moscow where they got an extreme dressing down. if you go to paris, stalin said, it will show you want to cooperate in an action aimed at isolating the soefts univiet un. it will be a break in the front of the slav states and success for the western powers. the czechs with that sort of thing had no choice but to return home. mazerik said he'd gone to moscow as a minister of czechoslovakia and returned home as a mere lackey of the soviet union. his rejection of the stalin plan was a huge shift in his ground strategy. before stalin

all of a sudden you have the main enemy not hitler's.talin and the cold war becomes the focus of everybody's attention by 1949, 1950, it is clear the germans have to be on our side to have a stable europe. you have to involve germany and some way or another. the public opinion switches along with germany's new role in this scheme of things. conrad: there is an element of appeasement. that argument does persist for decades in some schools. it is interesting, part of the reason there's a shift is because we do such a good job of emasculating their military. we do a good job advertising that. it is about a 10-year process to add germany back into the fault. -- fold. the germans do a great pr job, a kinder, gentler germany, that sort of thing. it is interesting we almost do too good of a job. i had a conversation with a young captain who served in the northern part of afghanistan. they were not overly capable. he said, you know there's german guys are so incompetent. why can't i get some of those ss guys i read about? i had a long talk with

they were hitler's uniforms wrapped themselves in the american flag.hey preached the doctrine of racial and class hatred because hitler headset america could be conquered from within and master race.azi >> [marching music] [speaking german] >> we let them speak. when occasionally a loan outraged offender wanted to providedwe protection. later, this speaker was arrested. it was because he had filched money from his deluded followers and he was sent to sing sing to brood upon the strange ways of democracy. another debate was in progress. labor and management resorted to strikes and lockouts to settle differences which at times surged into violence. we had taken giant steps along the road to reconciliation, but seems like these convinced the actors they had nothing to fear from america. they knew that our industrial capacity was great. we could never use it to the full, they said. our plants were there, but they were made idle. america was at war. it had been at war, although few americans realized it, for more ever sincers, september 18, 1931, when japan

she knew adolf hitler, the king and queen of denmark and convinced john kennedy that he had everything it took and was superior. she encouraged jack kennedy to go to his father and tell them what he wanted to be in life. they didn't know that at the time he had any political aspirations and that he had any political talent. she helped him stand up to his father and get the support he would later need to become president. then because the affair was so scandalous, he was nearly court-martialed out of the navy as an officer of naval intelligence so he eventually ended up in the combat where he became a war hero and at that time jack kennedy thought his career was over because he thought it would be a disaster for his career. when he came back he sat down with a reporter and realized in fact she broke the stor wrote ta template for all about kennedy that portrayed him as a war hero and of course that was the basis for the biography for all the years. >> ..

adolf hitler. when hitler heard of the news on the attack on pearl harbor we have an ear witness to what he said what he thought were the implications of the japanese attack. he said "now it is impossible for us to lose the war. we now have an ally, japan, who has never been vanquished in 3000 years." hitler's first reaction was exhilaration about this. what we are allowed to think was the same moment in time, churchill heard the same news, he did not have any advance knowledge. he heard over the newswire. we don't have an ear witness, but we have his written account. readers to make the understand what was his frame of mind. he said, he wrote "the united states was in the war up to the neck, and into the death. so we had won after all. england would live. i slept the sleep of the saved." what is interesting to me is the comparison between adolf hitler's reaction and winston churchill's. leaders locked in mortal kombat for the fate of europe and the world. the same news at the same moment 100 80 de

i saw the irony there comparing someone to hitler is not an invitation to discuss. it's the end of the discussion, isn't it? >> well, i think that there are a lot of lessons that we can learn from the 1930s in nazi germany not to say that this is the identical situation but there is a lot to be gained log back how we cannot make the same mistakes from the past. >> describe the discussion that you were trying to invoke by comparing trump to hitler? >> >> i think it's very important that we are critical. that we do not normalize or sanitize the rhetoric or actions of donald trump or the ghastly appointees to his administration. i want people to remain vigilant and realize that none of this is normal. none of the hate speech, the hate crimes that are spiking in the united states and we, as the american people have to hold our president-elect accountable. >> okay. so you have made a lot of pretty general statements. by the way i don't think there is any danger of trump going uncriticized during his term as president. >> i think something like hearing the way that. >> oh

they showed more respect to hitler. that's odd because trump is hitler. >> we have guests coming in and out. michael, did he have to fit for this? did they arrange it with him? >> no, i'm sure it is just a photograph. i'm sure he wouldn't bother returning the calls. >> you know they had their cover ready for hillary, right in. >> of course. >> does this matter? the person of the year? >> the m in "time" magazine looking like devil horns is something that happens often. it is a design issue. although i do think the scratch and sniff was -- >> it is unfair. will donald trump will not put up with that. >> and there is a pitch fork. >> let's see the photos where the m looks like a hop. >> it has little horns. >> so the horns, it happens often, but do you see the hit her comparison? >> i think this whole conversation is justifying the art school. see dad, the phd art was worth it. >> they are hacking themselves. they did three covers with horns. this will make an excellent tinder profile pic. >> he loves the photo. i don't t

what east interesting to me is the comparison between hitler's reaction and churchill's. here are two leaders locked in mortal combat for the fate of europe and the fate of the world. i'm going to read you a sentence or two from a memorandum that he wrote for his furor, hitler, in mid december 1941 in which he tried to make some sense out of what would be the implications that america was a formal belligerent. it's a very lengthy, detailed, thoughtful memorandum. it's shrewdly analytic. here are the important two sentences for our purposes. he wrote the following. we have just one year to cut russia off from her military supplies. if we don't succeed and the munitions potential of the united states joins up with the man power potential of the russians, the war will enter a phase in which we shall only be able to win it with difficulty. turns out again we understand that that was a much more accurate appraisal of what would be the implications of american belligerency than hitler had made when he said we cannot lose the war because we have an ally that's never been vanquis

finally, we see an image of adolf hitler. "mein kampf" is tucked into his left hand. right hand is giving a sieg heil. there is a bare-breasted valkyrie mermaid with a little baby tucked into her arm. maybe russell barnett aitken is talking about eugenics and hitler wanting the aryans to propagate. and on the other side there is a sign, "the new order," with an arrow pointing forward. i think that we can view these sculptures through a couple of different lenses. one of them is that pre-world war ii and definitely during world war ii, there is a populist lens we could look at these through. people in the united states were engaged in art in a direct way and used to seeing art that made statements. through the works progress administration, through artists like diego rivera, people in the united states were used to seeing murals that made direct statements. we can definitely relate these sculptures with some of the political winds at the time. but the other lens you can look at this through is through the lens of socialites and wealthy people in new york city. in 1938,

finally, we see an image of adolf hitler. "mein kampf" is tucked into his left hand. his right hand is giving a sieg heil. there is a bare-breasted valkyrie mermaid with a little baby tucked into her arm. maybe russell barnett aitken is talking about eugenics and hitler wanting the aryans to propagate. and on the other side there is a sign that says "the new order," with an arrow pointing forward. i think that we can view these sculptures through a couple of different lenses. one of them is that pre-world war ii and definitely during world war ii there is a populist lens we could look at these through. i think people in the united states were engaged with art in a direct way and used to seeing art that made statements. through the works progress administration, through artists like diego rivera, people in the united states were used to seeing murals that made direct statements. i think we can definitely relate these sculptures with some of the political winds at the time. but i think the other lens you can look at this through is through the lens of socialites and wea