in laos, the people in government did not fight on the ho chi minh trail. they don't have any connection. the people we worked with on the ho chi minh trail or ethnic minorities who do not even speak the lao language most of the time so there is not that direct connection i when i was just there, we worked with the national regulatory authority which is the group that works on unexploded ordinance in laos the u.s. give 30 million a, year 40 million for next, year i believe, to address the problem of the u.s. -- in laos and they say they're being told that i believe strongly, by the u.s. embassy, they're being told they need proof that agent orange is causing problems there, and i say, you do not need proof. yes, you cannot prove one individual, yes, you could have scientific arguments over one individuals, what caused that problem, but there is enough evidence, i believe, to show that there are people suffering today. and it does not matter, you don't have to fight over the proof, you just need to get the assistance there to the people who need it and in lao

ho chi minh has watched as america has spoken of peace and built up its forces, and now he has surely heard the increasing international rumors of american plans for an i invasion of the north. hehe knows the bombing and shelling and mining we are doing arare part of traditionanal pre-invasion strategy. perhaps only his sense of humorr and of irony can save him when he hehears the most powerfulul nation ofof the wod speaking of aggression as i it drops thousands of boms on a poor, weak nation more e tn 808000 mililes away fromom its . at this point i should make e t clear that while i h have tried toto give a vovoice to the v voiceless in vietnamm and to underststand the argumens of those who are called "enemy," i i am as deeply concerned about our owowtroopsps there as anynything elelse. for r it occurs s to me that what we a are submittingng them to in vietnam is not simply the brutalizizing prprocess thatat goes on i in ar where armies face e each other and seek to o destroy. we are adding cynicism to the process of death, for they must know after a short period there that none of

ho chi minh has watched as america has spoken of peace and built up its forces, and now he has surely heard the increasing international rumors of american plans for an invnvasion of the north. he k knows the bombing and shelling and mining we are doing are e part of traditionall pre-invasion strategy. perhaps only his sense of humor and of irony can save him when he hehears the most powerful n nation of t the wod speaking of aggression as it t drops thousands of boms onon a poor, weak nation more tn 800000ileses away from i its sh. at this point i should make itt clclear that while i havave trd to g give a voicice to the voioiceless in vietnam and to understanand the argumens of those who are called "enemy," i amam as deeply concerned ababout our own n oops ththere as anyththing elses. for itit occurs toto me that what we arere submitting t them to in vietnam is not simply the brutalizining prococess that g goes on in n ar where armies face eaeach other and seek to dedestroy. we are adding cynicism to the process of death, for they must know after a short period there that none of th

it is not unreasonable for ho chi minh to have made. that was cabled back to the pentagon. johnson, reacting to this although it was totally unproductive -- at thinking it was unprovoked. he ordered the maddox back into the gulf of tonkin and ordered another destroyer, the turner joy, to reinforce the maddox. he also ordered two aircraft carriers into the gulf. on august 4, 1964, an extremely stormy night in the gulf of tonkin, radar and sonar operators on the maddox and the turner joint review -- reported to sa -- reported that the sea was alive with torpedoes. a few hours later when the phone -- the storm subsided, no one was sure there had been enemies at all. the commander on board the maddox radioed the headquarters, review of action makes many reported contracts entered desperadoes fired appearing doubtful. no actual sighting, suggests complete the valuation before any further action. and ulysses sharp, commander in chief of the pacific, sent that to the pentagon. it went to robert mcnamara. he sat down with the joint chiefs of staff to discuss whether or not it could

and vietnam also resuming trade and seeing a selloff as well, down 2% in ho chi minh.g a look at the nikkei, in a surprise money going into the yen. japanese stocks being sold off. david was talking about the property gauge testing august lows. down 1.4%> and samsung weighing on the cost be which had a rebound yesterday. it is down 1% as well today. a sixth session of losses for asian stocks, the longest streak since october 2018. we're awaiting every open up markets in india. yesterday we saw bounce coming through in those indian indian markets but looking like -- with the nifty futures in singapore down .02%. weakness in the rupee. no surprise you are seeing money going into a sovereign debt. today, the yield on india's 10-year note down two basis points. kathleen: let's turn to some of the biggest earnings news. samsung saw fourth-quarter profit fall 30% in december coming in at $4.4 billion. falling membership prices and weak demand for its display. the company is expecting a weak start to the first quarter as well this year but is forecasting an improvement in 202

many here still call in that country, still call ho chi minh city saigon, just as the 30 or so starbucksngs and bustling economy make you wonder what the war was about. the war we fought with such courage and took so many american lives after taking it over from the south vietnam president we had dumped and left to be killed. assassination is a nasty word because it's a nasty business. it is not a means to avoid war. it is a trigger to war. a step toward regime change on which the neocons like john bolton set their hearts. it's to do it all over again. that's what they're after in iran. and that's "hardball" for now. thanks for being with us. "all in" with chris hayes starts right now. >> tonight on all in. >> john is known as a tough guy. he got us into iraq. >> a key impeachment witness now says he's willing to testify. >> would you vote to subpoena john bolton? >> tonight, why john bolton says he's now willing to talk. new pressure on republicans in the senate to act. and will house democrats subpoena bolton if mitch mcconnell won't? >>> then the pentagon scrambles to clarify a mistak

advancement of the north vietnamese and the north korean, vietnam-cong all under the direction of ho chi minhso that was the goal. >> the number of advisors grew from 900 to 16,000? >> yes. what was the policy to drove that big exchanges? >> i think for kennedy this was reluctant acquiescence in vietnam. kennedy did not take an active policy of bringing troops to vietnam or trying to escalate the war there but rather to contain it as well. but they had to send more american troops to advise larger number of vietnamese soldiers in order contain a successful mission in the north vietnamese. so he was a very cautious military leader. following the bay of pigs. and he -- i think it's clear from the record that he reluctantly made decisions to increase advisories in vietnam but never wants to engage in war there. but it's true. by the time his administration had been killed, the number would have increased exponentially. susan: do we have any indication of where it is policies would have gone had he lived? >> my own view from having read all of the material i did in preparation for this book was t

then fought for a few years in triangle.f the iron it is pretty close to former saigon, ho chi minh cityand my father survived the war. now we are living in the same village. here, myra -- my work is lai and others at project renew. i have been working there for eight years. a few things i would like to share in today's session. this is all about life. he has been challenged in life since the accident. he got support from organizations but his family and school teachers and doctors. the vietnamese agency is giving him proper support so he can get back to society and become a normal person. ai is fewher hand, l out of many, thousands of people people who than 8500 were victimized as a result of in the country. it's a long process. many years from where lai became a casualty to becoming all person today. we don't have this kind of support in vietnam for many like lai. we would like to say that lai is fortunate. not fortunate but he got a good pension and people are caring to him so he can become stronger and become a normal person. that is what we call the support for the victims, survivor