there was a holcomb padre -- a holcomb padre -- a whole adre of folks. their job was to solve problems that did not have immediate payoff for the u.s. military. they were trying to figure out, you know, we have these computers. what if we could get them to talk to one another? what if i could be sitting in palo alto and be sending a file to a scientist in washington, d.c.? or alternatively, what if i wanted to log on and immediately work on a computer in washington, d.c. as if i was there? at that point they were leveraging what was a fairly scarce number of computers overall. how can we mean a k? how can we share these resources? -- how can we communicate? how can we share these resources? they built something frictionless and didn't anticipate that we might want to keep some people off that network. peter: you use the term "patch and pray." what is that? craig: it's a derogatory term -- it firstout emerged in the mid-1990's. you would say a software developer at microsoft or oracle would release these bits of software that were not really solid from a