well, there was a study by holland krueger a couple of years ago that said uber drivers earned an average of $27 an hour before expenses. but you need to take in account two things. one is the laws and benefits working as an independent contractor of all of the things that pat mulligan and miles lockier talked about. if we take the key parts of san francisco's laws, including paid sick leave and the health care security ordinance and then the various protections under state law and the federal share of pay -- the employer share of payroll taxes, an independent contractor what need to earned about $21.50 an hour to equal the minimum wage in san francisco. in terms of operating expenses, we have a wide range, from vehicle registration to appreciation, leasing, gas, taxes -- if you're a t.n.c. driver, that is also cell phone data. and the average rate is 58 cents a mile. it is a good measure of the cost. as supervisor mandelman said earlier, the average driver earns less than $12an hour after all of the expenses. a recent study of drivers in new york, drivers were earning an average of $14.2