one of the last things horst -- they finally get permission. a hitler youth boy comes knocking on the door and says you're allowed to go now. so there was not much bank and they grabbed -- not much warning, and they grabbed what they could, and he took his uncle's jackknife with his. is uncle was off fighting and this improll -- impulsiveness of horst will save his mother's life and other people in the boat with him. the -- the knife comes in very handy for them. and this is katherine alexander of the s13. the start of the war there's not that much soviet submarine activity in the baltic sea. the german boats are pretty up have -- pretty much having their way. the soviet submarines go through several changes in the late '20s they started a new class of submarine modeled after british boats and actually had some technical assistants from germany. by the 1930s they introduce another class of larger and faster submarines now armed with torpedo tubes. most of the submarine officers were drafted from the ranks of themer chant -- the merchant marines