membership itself was al importanto not just with the selection of sam ervin as chairman, but howard baker, a moderate from tennessee. really important to serving in that vice chair role in this politically sensitive committee. in fact, it's interesting with baker because in the beginning, initially, his instinct was to try to protect the president. he and his top staff would meet with the president's aides and discuss what the committee was talking about, the information that they were finding, how the course of the investigation was rolling out, and then over the course of the summer, as the evidence began to pile up, some suggesting the president's involvement in the watergate break in and cover up. howard baker cut his ties with the administration and really dug in, too, in search, in pursuit of the truth. a couple of those other members let me just say a couple of words about them, daniel. in a way, was this fabulous member of the of the committee, a quiet member, but very interested in getting to the bottom of the investigation, very interested in finding the truth. and he was in his

membership itself was really important to not just with the selection of samrvin as chairman, but howard baker, a moderate from tennessee. really important to serving in that vice chair role in this politically sensitive committee. in fact, it's interesting with baker because in the beginning, initially, his instinct was to try to protect the president. he and his top staff would meet with the president's aides and discuss what the committee was talking about, the information that they were finding, how the course of the investigation was rolling out, and then over the course of the summer, as the evidence began to pile up, some suggesting the president's involvement in the watergate break in and cover up. howard baker cut his ties with the administration and really dug in, too, in search, in pursuit of the truth. a couple of those other members let me just say a couple of words about them, daniel. in a way, was this fabulous member of the of the committee, a quiet member, but very interested in getting to the bottom of the investigation, very interested in finding the truth. and he was in his

haldeman, who was asked the now infamous question by leading republican howard baker. here's some of his testimony. the one thing that keeps recurring to me and the one thing i've tried to put to every witness that has unique information in addition to their own personal information and knowledge, is what the president know. and when did he first know it? now, you were closer to the press in the united states, more on than probably any other person in the world outside his immediate family. i want to know what you can tell me in that respect. what did the president know and when did he know it? i've tried to tell that in the recounting of my statement, but what the president knew about the watergate and again, if we can divide to prejudge 17 and post-june 17, what he knew was basically what has been clearly

as howard baker was pushing for it, he started came in 1974, they were preparing for what might haveeen a impeachment trial of nixon. nixon resigned and that didn'thappen. they left the cameras in place lo swearing in of vice president nelson rockefeller then they 1970's, howard baker was talking bring cameras in to fill in the debate over the panama canal, tedious and difficult debates, that was a different process for them to go through. the robert byrd -- he had no interest in that wha really thought it would change the culture of a senate that he loved to its core. but as the years went by, the house ado coverage in 1979 and the house started to get a lot more on the precedent and in the evening news had lots of video to provide. then the leaders, including byrd, began to rethink the process and, robert burch told the sto that he was at a west virginia event and hemistakenly introduced as the speaker of the house. he said a knew the senate had to go on tv because he was losing ground to the speaker of the host: in your book "scenes, people, places and events that sena c senate, i

howard baker of tennessee was the man who really worked hard to promotecameras into the senate chamber took 1970's until 1986 to make that happen. betty: well, the senate is a very traditional institution. there were lots of concerns about how well it would look on tv. on any given day, the often empty because things are happening elsewhere and not in the chamber, but even in the chamber, it tended to be an institution where people giveacquired, seriousg speeches that didn't necessarily mean good television for a 1980's people were concerned people would be turned off about it or they would just not interested in what they had to see. what they saw on also, there were concerns about members that it would change the culture of the se that people would start to grandstand for the talking to the cameras rather than their colleagues or the people in the galries. and all of that is true of truth to that, it has changed the culture of the senate. robert byrne, the democratic leader, was very skeptical about bringing television to the senate chamber. as howard baker was pushing for it, he sta

howard baker, tennessee. barry goldwater, arizona. charles mac, mathias maryland and richard schweiker of pennsylvania. all very well known as well. yes, absolutely. john tower was a really important figure in this investigation, not only because he was vice chairman, of course, but also because he was placed on the committee by republican senate leader hugh scott and told that he should try to rein in some of the investigation, that he should be there to protect the national intelligence community. but john tower did work very cooperatively with church. over time, they became a surprisingly cooperative duo, even though they had decidedly different people. they came from different parts of the political spectrum and they worked really quite well together. john tower even later wrote in his memoir that he realized that over the course of the investigation that change needed to happen and that congress did need to exercise better oversight over this national intelligence apparatus. a couple of the other members there, i mean, barry gold

howard baker, tennessee. barry goldwater, arizona. charles mac, mathias maryland and richard schweiker of pennsylvania. all very well known as well. yes, absolutely. john tower was a really important figure in this investigation, not only because he was vice chairman, of course, but also because he was placed on the committee by republican senate leader hugh stt and told that he should try to rein in some of the investigation, that he should be there to protect the national intelligence community. but john tower did work very cooperatively with church. over time, they became a surprisingly cooperative duo, even though they had decidedly different people. they came from different parts of the political spectrum and they worked really quite well together. john tower even later wrote in his memoir that he realized that over the course of the investigation that change needed happen and that congress did need to exercise better oversight over this national intelligence apparatus. a couple of the other members there, i mean, barry goldwater

the country needs you and howard baker said, yes, sir, i'll be honored tohe point.iend, a f compatible on political philosophy, asking you to serve him, support him, and serve the country. and clearly, the answer after reflection and discussion is yes, sure, it'll be an honor to do so. and did yofe■' that that personal friendship you talked about having to put the you able to do that, or do you think you were alwaysdhood friend? lifelong? no, i think we had that understanding and wour differen, maintaining a relationship that was separate from t and i d him, why do you think i would be the staff? i'd been actively involved in pocseen on the democratic national committee and so forth. again, simpatico from a political standpoint, but still had not expected to serve. he said, i need someone i can trust who's compatible and i'll keep maybe a reality check and keep me straight and tell me the truth and tell me when we're not s the kind of relationship we had. i must say, and i again, never worked with or for gove clinton, he took credit. cism wel iea of always offered i

president asked me the night after the election to consider serving as chief of staff i remember the howard baker story. the venerable senator from illinois had been the minority leader, making sure. but he came in and asked to see reagan during a difficult period. he said, there is no way i'm going to take that job. i'm not going to do that. he gets in with president reagan and as, howard, i'm in trouble. i need you and the country needs you. howard that, i am happy to serve. governor of your home state, compatible in philosophy, ask you to serve him and the country. and the answer after reflection and discussion is yes, sir, it will be in honor to do so. >> you talked about having to put the friendship piece away. were you able to do that, or do you think you were always advising him as a childhood friend? >> we always had that understanding. we had already developed a different relationship. we maintained a friendship, but a different type of relationship that was separate from that. i asked him this. i said, i have been actively involved in politics, and so forth, simpatico from a political s

i said what did they get wrong, how is it tip o'neill, ronald reagan, howard baker and all these people and the actuaries thought that they were creating 75 years of adequate funding even accounting for the baby boomers. i said did you not know people my age -- know we knew that it was calculated. there were two things we missed. of the duration and at the depth of the recession they probably should have calculated. at the other thing they missed was changes to the tax cut that happened after their bipartisan fix in 1982, which by the way only happened about a month before because human beings work against deadlines i suppose. he said what they didn't calculate was the changes to the tax code would move a lot of the earned income out of that bracket that they were asked at 90% of the income. they said it in 1982 but over the course of time it shrink to just 82% because of the concentration of wealth among the highest three or 4% of earners. so those are the two reasons it was moved up but it can be moved out again. so, raising revenue and a variety of ways it might be done. what about t

to know today is title nine legislation and constance baker motley william hastily other individuals. that are associated with houston and the howard university school of law houston is significant among other things, he's responsible for creating what becomes known as the civil rights lawyer is group and cadre of individuals that will use american constitutional law to fundamentally change racial segregation and dismantle racial segregation in. america so let's talk a little about charles hamilton houston and the of jim crow. now there is a there's this idea on some scholars history that of us are sort of born for a purpose we're born we're not born accidentally, but born to meet and to respond to some challenge in our lives. and that definitely seems to be the case with charles hamilton houston. houston is born in 1895, in d.c. he's born a middle class african-american family. his father is a lawyer by training, father graduated from howard university school of law. at this time african american lawyer's late century, late 1800s, even american lawyers didn't really have didn't really make a lot of money. so you were a lawyer. you

we are local farmers, bakers, florists and makers who grow and create with a passion. 1-800 flowers. for mom, with love. >>> welcome back. howardhe man he appointed as his successor when he announced his latest resignation in 2022. schultz saying in a letter posted on linkedin this weekend to, quote, make the stores be better. this as pro-palestinian boycotts heat up on social media. cnbc's kate rogers is here to break this all down for us. hey, kate. >> hey, melissa. the former ceo weighing inweak . he said, quote, the stores require a maniacal focus on the customer experience through the eyes of a merchant. the answer does not lie in the data, but in the stores. he says senior leaders and board members need to spend more time with workers. schultz did say he feels confident that the company will recover. he's no longer on the board, but is the largest individual shareholder of stock, with a stake just under 2%. in response, the company said, quote, we always appreciate howard's perspective. the challenges and opportunities he highlights are the ones we are focused on. and like howard, we are confident in starbucks long-term s