the hungarians were different. i was interested in how did they react and the subsequent process of sovietization. >> how would you describe the situation in the countries today, the lifestyle, the economy, the openness to democracy and all that? >> all of them are democracies. east germany is not east germany. it is part of germany, so it is indistinguishable. west germany is poorer in some ways than poland, a country that has recovered more vigorously than the eastern part of germany. poland is a very vibrant democracy, maybe too vibrant, but it plays a very important and central role in europe. it is a member of nato. it is the largest of the former east european countries. it has a larger role in that region than anybody else. hungary is still a democracy, and it is a liberal capitalist state. it has been badly governed and the last 20 years, and if this bill in many ways -- there are many hungarian institutions that have not been reformed much. there is a far right in hungary. there is an unattractive and left

in hungarian i have translators. they were people who had worked in archives before and did a lot of translations. but i literally went around with them, so we would go to the main federal archives, sit in the back, open the document, and she would start whispering in my ear, and everyone would go sh! i talked by way through these things. why did they open, and who shot them? >> the archives were opened in the 1990 costs at a time when the russians were in the wake of the union. there was a movement to end secrecy and discussed the past. this came from the ground up, and people at the top supported it. the archives began to open in the 1990's and in some ways were extraordinarily successful. archives began to open for western scholars. i worked a lot in russia during the 1990's, and i began to have the impression one of the other reasons they were open is because russians were so preoccupied with other things they did not care. as a young american woman, how could you beat walking around those archives? the idea was,

. * there was one young man, 21 years old, young hungarian, who would be the only person to go on tv with me, only hungarian, malan would take a blow horn and walk through the streets against families that hated us, and he walked and he shouted and he kept the morale up as we were walking against this sea of people who didn't like us because we were representing the inclusion and diversity that we so much cherish here. he was inspired by the story of my uncle and he said to me, do you think this is how harvey felt? and i said to him, it's exactly how harvey felt. now, after the march i learned that malan had refused to go into the one sponsor that the pride had left, which was a bar, because they wouldn't let in people from the roma community. and he said, no, that is not the way we're going to do things. and he wouldn't go in. when i left and when i landed back in the u.s., i found out that malan also had another struggle. he went home that night and because he was on tv and because he was the spokesperson for hungarian pride, he walked in to find his father hanging. malan's courage

how did the hon gary and film industry -- i look at been h -- the hungarian film industry. it become a social realist film industry? it had a different background. i look at german painters. germany had a vibrant abstract art movement in the 1930's and the 1920's. they came back to berlin, thinking they would be able to paint what they wanted. many were communists and discovered actually they were not going to be allowed to. how did they react and, some of them taught themselves to paint again. i looked at some economic questions. in particular, i was interested in small shops and retailing. this was the hardest part of the economy to control, so i looked at the files of the ministry of economics in germany and poland. i look at the secret police documents because i was looking at the origin of the secret police. how was it created? who were the people? where did they come from? how were they trained? i went through all this. in addition, i used soviet documents, some of which have been published or made available in the 1990's which were not available anymore. there is a w

hungarians- the were different. i was interested in how did they react and the subsequent process of sovietization. >> how would you describe the situation in the country's today, the lifestyle, the economy, the openness to democracy and all that? >> all of them are democracies. east germany is not east germany. it is part of germany, so it is indistinguishable. west germany is poorer in some ways than poland, a country that has recovered more vigorously than the eastern part of germany. poland is a very vibrant democracy, maybe to vibrant -- too vibrant, but it plays a very important and central role in europe. it is a member of nato. it is the largest of the former east european countries. it has a larger role in that region than anybody else. hungary is still a democracy, and it is a liberal capitalist states. it has been badly governed and the last 20 years, and if this bill in many ways -- there are institutionshungarian that have not been reformed much. there is a far right in hungary. there is an unattractive

i spoke some hungarian. i had translators so people who are more than translators, more journalists. they were people who had worked in the archives before and had done different kinds of translations. i literally physically went around with them. we would go with my translator to a german federal archive, sit in the back, open the documents and she would start whispering in my ear. everybody would turn around and they would have to -- but i typically talked my way through. we read books together. we spent a lot of time together at meetings with translators. and then translator interviews and so on so that was how i dealt with that problem. i thought it was important to -- i didn't have all the languages because one of the reasons there are so few books like mine is because historians feel awkward about using translators and so you don't ever get regional portraits. there are many wonderful books about poland in this period in hungary and germany in this period written in both of those languages and in engli

in a different study in 2008, hungarian scientists found women are inclined to choose partners no looklike their fathers. researchers think maybe this has to do with the familiar and comfortable. >> okay. 4:57. developing news in san francisco, where muni is just now saying it has re-- it has restored power that disrupted service. live with an update. >>> why protesters are ready to let it all hang out ♪ [ female announcer ] nature exists on the grandest scale... ♪ ...and in the tiniest details. ♪ and sometimes both. nature valley granola thins pack the big taste of granola and dark chocolate into one perfect square, under 100 calories. nature valley granola thins. nature at its most delicious. >>> good tuesday morning. it is 5 a.m.. i'm eric thomas. >>> and i'm kristen sze. right now muni service resumes for the morning commute after a transformer led to

what are we to make of the fact that even after the european commission and hungarian's own consular court have ruled against the mass dismissal of judges in hungary's court packing scheme, that there's still no remedy for any of the dismissed judges? what is the status of media freedom in hungary, let alone the fight against antisemitism if journalists who write about antisemitism face possible sanctions before the court? and what are we to make of hungary's new election framework, which includes many troubling provisions, including a prohibition on campaign ads, on commercial radio, on tv, onerous new voter registration provisions, limit on local election committees which oversee elections? mr. president, i find it hard to imagine that jews, roma or other minorities will be safe if freedom of the media and religion, the rule of law, and the independence of the judiciary and the checks and balances essential for democracy are not also safeguarded. with that in mind, i will continue to follow the overall trends in hungary and the implications for the region as a whole. mr. president,

in a different study in 2008, hungarian scientists found women are inclined to choose partners who lookike their fathers. >>> next, san francisco and the naked truth. full frontal display expected at today's board of have advisers meeting. >>> fire in the north bay, new video we just got in we'll tell you more. >>> abuse and scams targeting elderly on rise and people behind these crimes may surprise you. michael finney and >> 6:00 on this tuesday morning. i'm kristen sze. >>> i'm

. >>> hungarians took to the streets protesting comments made by a member of the country's far right opposition party. last week a member of the parliament suggested it would be timely to tally up people of jewish ancestry bringing back outrage and memories of the nazi party. the comments followed a debate over fighting in the gaza strip and national security. the lawmaker later apologized and said his remarks were misunderstood. >>> three suicide bombers all in cars today attacked a forward operating base in eastern afghanistan. nato says all the bombers were wearing coalition military uniforms. three afghan soldiers reported killed. also two civilians. it happened in a province where nato handed over security control to afghan forces just a few weeks ago. u.s. troops are still deployed at that airfield. >>> it is a frightening and deadly scene in japan. just look at it. at least two cars are still trapped inside a highway tunnel after a massive section of the concrete structure collapsed. police say at least nine people died and they found several burned bodies inside the rubble. i

you know how to talk in hungarian, don't you? yeah. yeah. can you say hi in hungarian?to say hi, wave your and hi. that says hi in hungarian or in english. even when we are not multilingual and don't speak the child's language, we can at least learn a few essential words and phrases, including and most especially the correct pronunciation of the child's and family's names. teacher: can you say imoja? children: imoja. uh-huh. "and i help light the colorful kwanza candles." do you remember when we talked about hanukkah? hendrick: the whole point of speaking and communicating with one another is to share, to bring us closer together, to open up and include others in our world, and vice versa. teacher: can you say kwanza? all: kwanza. can you say swahili? all: swahili. swahili is an african language, and those are african words. teacher: ok, ms. anwati, are you ready? take over, let's go. one, two, three...go. ♪ kumbaya hendrick: the most important thing for children to learn about school is that it's a place where they feel warm and comfortable, a place they want to come b