to hurston's life until the early 1970s, when alice walker published in search of zora neale hurston for miss magazine. by 1975, the book was out of print, and again, it was a petition that was circulated at that years. modern language association conference that got the novel back in print in 2019, the bbc identified the words watching god as one of the top 100 novels that shaped our world. and of course, that's just one of the many accolades that hurston's book has received posthumously. how do we make sure that doesn't happen again? every life story is singular. a singular is hurston's is it is unique in the annals of african-american history. her literary ancestor, wheatley, died under similar circumstances from poverty. an electrician a treatable disease, treatable diseases that are born of poverty and continue to disproportionately plague african-american people in this country. so in all, hurston and phillis wheatley, both literary pioneers who saw their careers rise and plummet, both of whose literary reputations have been rescued posthumously, and new generations now have ne

he was saying hurston got what she deserved and that was essentially sthe epigraph to hurston's life until the 70s when he published in search of zora neal hurston from his magazine. by 1975 the book was out-of-print again and again it was petitioned so it circulated that year's conference that got the novel back in print and in 2019 the bbc identified the guide as one of the top 100 novels that shaped our world in the course is just one of the many accolades that person's book has received posthumously. inhow do we make sure that doesn't happen again? every life story is singular and it is not unique in the annals of african-american history . her literary ancestor phyllis wheatley died under similar circumstances from poverty, treatable disease, treatable diseases. born of poverty and continue to play african-american people inthis country . zora hurston and phyllis wheatley are both pioneers who saw their careers rise employment, both of whom was reputation have been rescued posthumously and new generations now have new stories about the two of them with the conditions necessary f

so when you say this thing about how she and she that hurston makes it so she has to kill teacake. i remember reading this novel and as a childhood survivor of domestic violence, one of the things that i remember think has a childhood survivor of domestic violence one of the things i remember thinking in my college class is he had to die, know what i mean? i think that becomes the moment like hurston cannot, i mean, we have jamie masturbating, jamie running newt. you can have that kind of thing in 1937 and another audacity on top of that to say negro, if you put your handsome and you're going to die. that is essential what she did and that's where what alls are like absolute not. so for me i think one of the things that becomes interesting is that what we fight against is, in this moment which is why for me it's become so important, they were always sitting in the background saying this is not respectable, we need rewriting protest, which is is it when you represent ourselves for white folks and hurston kept dumping like what about we'll call it intramural black life? when you come

and the naacp image awards and the hurston wright legacy award for fiction. in 2017, harpercollins it as one of eight out of titles limited edition modern classic that included by edward p jones lewis eldridge, zora neale hurston. dolan received d.c. commission on the arts grant for her second novel, bomb which was published by harpercollins in 2015. in 2013, dolan wrote the introduction to a special edition of solomon moore, 12 years a slave, published by simon schuster, which became a new york times best. dolan is current chair. the board of penn faulkner foundation is associate in the literature department at american university in washington, dc. for our next section, i've asked our speakers to speak. 5 to 7 minutes on the following questions. as it relates to their past or forthcoming works. what literary works? comic books or films and tv shows illustrated the complexity of, the black experience for you, where they are sparked? which one and how so? how did your upbringing, your personal black experience shape your writing? and what monolith or falsehoo

hurston area in terms of the what she saw e. >> so person is is a he claims in florida, was born in alabama. but she's sort of the night owl but what was so interesting is that she one was interested in and this is a woman who is abandoned in the bill, she goes to high school in jacksonville eventually and howard university, morgan state university, trained as an apologist indispensable much of her life both writing fiction but doing anthropological discovery of the history of africans culture sort across the american and caribbean and traces their african ra retentions. she's a full florist that she is also you know, a keeper of culture as it were and she's a participant observer. shows he's very invested in thestory of her independent black town . >> the first independent ep black town. >> the first independent black town, thank you. she's also kind of ornery and irascible and outspoken. and all brilliant storyteller but part of what i find so important about her is me that's the thread. in some ways we were talking about before the reality of all of the multiculturalism of southe

your word speaks to zora neal hurston, the dream of africa and alabama and robert since the last slaveship. how does your work given the conversation ? >> so when natalie levinson started her weight, the story was just afootnote in history . and then she managed to trace through things and that the africans said and all these interviews and things rthat the other blacks witnessed and described in other interviews, she managed to trace the people on the clotilda back to individual villages and find out different regions and tribes andcustoms . so you know, i came in and found the ship which is the other leg of this story and we have the histories preserved by those people and now the ship, the vessel that those people here . b and so that was a big connection and when i tried to do was emphasize these earlier works. i went to africa aspart of the book to research there and found something that surprised me . we had this new movie the woman king come out and it's based on the people who captured the people on the clotilda and i've not seen the movie yet, i need to see it but this was per

think of the framing device of zora hurston as their eyes were watching god, in which janie and phoebe do not talk to the town. they do not talk to about almighty. they do not talk to the jury. they talk only to one another. and they turn their backs literally on their town and on everybody else and speak only to one another. it's an extortion or a performance of what i'm calling that distrust of discourse. the outcome that such literature seeks, the outcome that oates aims for are very much the same. but where one tradition in the black literary often performs anxiety about success, oates's writing is characterized in almost case by an extra exuberance and ebullient confidence in the possibility of identifying and emphasizing across difference. that's why he can take the work of giving voice to clara barton. nat turner, martin luther king and. john brown. indeed. confident. is he in the possibly of empathy and identification that i cannot find any interest in in which you comments or even acknowledges the difficult places of doing that work as a white academe historian one could criti

this in harlem the white women of the black renaissance and her epistolary biography of zora neale hurston. both are new york times notable books? kaplan founded the northeastern humanities center, and she has received many distinguished teaching awards and fellowships. she is currently completing cultural biography of jessica medford, queen of the muckrakers life and times of jessica medford, which will be published by harpercollins. next to karla is catherine clinton who holds the denman of american history at the university of texas san antonio and is professor at queen's university. clinton has or edited over 30 books on historical, including harriet tubman road to freedom. mrs. lincoln life and most recently stepped daughters of history, southern women and american civil war. she a guggenheim in 2016 and has served as president of both the southern historical association and is southern association for women. she is on the board of advisers for civil war history, ford's theater. she a consultant for steven spielberg's lynn lincoln and has served both on the pulitzer prize jury for bio

it's called magnolia flower, it's by zora neale hurston. the pitiful illustrations by love is wide, currently available in all good bookshops. dante from ex can't be thanks for being with us. thank you for all your comments and thoughts on line as well. appreciate yeah, i'm funny. okay. i see you next time on the screen. take everybody ah . i will tell stories and take risks to share their experiences from every corner of the world, binding us together and inspiring us to expand our realities. why? because they most ah, award winning voices telling groundbreaking stories. witness on al jazeera, al jazeera world peers into the murky world of state sponsored spyware. and the discovery by al jazeera journalists, it's 0 pick technology attacks that smartphones. every system can be is this the new frontier espionage think about the sophistication of exports the breaking performs? this is as good as the sky and your phone on al jazeera. good, a good bye with is celebrating the manasseh, your culture, which is the middle east, north africa and sou

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you know, we have firsthand accounts thanks to hurston when she interviewed them and what they were like and if you were younger than 12 and older than 35. for me to come to terms and these tens of millions of people and whole cultures that were wiped out and to me that's one of the really important things that we have to reckon with not just what happened with the people brought here but what, you know, our activities as the united states s as a nation did with slavery and england and spain and portugal and holland, what they did in terms of what's owed back in having done this and one of the things with a lot of africans i met and if they had been to america and the people that sold us and, you know, that is a really powerful thing and the idea of reconciliation is the powerful thing going forward to bring to bring them back together at the table and there's plenty of blame to go around from the africans who enslaved people to the europeans and americans who enslaved people. it's absurd and an opposite direction of where society needs to go and opposite of getting passed. the sins of t

it's by zora neale hurston. the pitiful illustrations by love is wide, currently available in all good bookshops. dante from ex campaign, thanks for being with us. thank you for all your comments and thoughts on line as well. preciate yeah, i'm family. okay. i think next time on the screen take everybody. ah, i live in cats, off for 16 years in 2010. i was live on air in the old sekins. oh hall when the well comp announcement was made. it's just really great to have the 1st mid least well come pick. it unites people from different backgrounds and races and that's why it's so important and i'm excited that it's finally on my doorstep. and kathy, this is going to be an amazing venue for the well, ca can't wait to bring my kids. it kick off is just around the corner, and i think we're going to get some really great gang nate with the city and it's a 0 wo, meets the italian photographer exploring the long lasting love story between the city of naples and football. like on diego morrow dawn, men, and when i left the

yeah, and how you especially in zoro neil hurston's area of florida. so talk about that about this oriental hurst and yeah both in terms of its beauty and what she saw there. right, i mean so join our student is really important and i just have to say really quickly. she claimed eatonville, florida. she was born in alabama like me. but she which i'm sorry. i just have to because she knows she's sort of denied, alabama. but what was so interesting is that she won was interested in this is a woman who is a natively eatonville. she goes to high school at florida baptist academy in jacksonville and eventually howard university morgan state university in colombia is trained as an anthropologist and spends much of her life both writing fiction, but also doing anthropological discovery of the of the of the history of african culture that sort of across the americas and the caribbean and she traces their african retentions folktale. she's a folklorist, but she really is also you know a keeper of culture as it were and she's a participant observer right? and so

yeah, you know or you have zornil hurston and fanny hurst when you're doing the imitation of life the many permeations. you know of passing like the movie that's out now, right? or just a fascinating evolution of plugging and best across all these different cultural. barriers, you know so you go from gullah to gershwin with sammy davis jr. is impromptu audition for samuel goldwin for sort of a formal one, and then i think it was was the other one and in the, you know restaurant or a club but any case yes, all of these things are just it's full of such such vivid anecdotes and such. telling detail so, but i wonder did you what did you take from the say the discipline or the lessons that you learned from writing these biographies from writing the extended profiles you did, you know for so many years on figures is different as marion barry or james baldwin and william styron, you know or eugene allen the white house butler. did you find were there lessons to apply to bring over from there or do and and or was a you know, did you sense the differences in writing this did you have to find

i t learned about hurston and te weight she had the same sort of pushback with using certain language within her work. down to my family living room growing up her right mom and dad and i often have those conversations saying realizing that's rooted in language we were taught during enslavement and the weight which we have created it. it is ours now but we still have to contend with. so hearing that from you has made me want to shift my gears on several things so thank you. >> on the things the roots may get confused with. very simple thing about jamaica are always present tense. because action is always present tense for us too. on the reasons why people cannot understandably speak in the present tense. time is a continuum and that's one thing that's essentially african but did not occur to me if i just got english they didn't say he went. even where he go. and that is because a lot a of languages verbs may present tense why when action be active? another example of one of the things the slaves could not draw himha out. a sudden not a thing i need to fix. thank you so much for that p

were free so she interviews 10 of them while they're still alive in 1914 and her book led zora neale hurstonme to mobile in 1927 and interview cujo lewis and that book was published and it was incredible so from the kestories we have all those things i mentioned. we know what their lives were like in africa and they were quite wonderful. cujo talks about heat how he and his siblings with him for by snowing them on the breeze . we know how brutal the rate was where he was captured. we know that to homans which was the nation that captured cujo and the other people was one of the most brutalregimes in world history . he was captured by the to hold an empire which was responsible according to most historical accounts of capturing about one third of the 12 million people who were in slave. we have to the story of the raid and we know this incredible detail from cujo's own mouth when that the commons attacks, if you are not between about 12 and 30 eight kills you so they killed everybody in the villages they attacked. they left no one behind the life . so when we talk about these 12 million peopl

and her book led zora neale hurston to come to mobile, 1927 and interview kojo lewis, who was the lastsurvivor at that point. and that book, bear -- was a few years ago, and it's incredible. so from these stories we have all those things i mentioned. we know what their lives were like in africa and they were quite wonderful. kojo talks about how he and his siblings would run through the forest, hunting for fruit, you know, pineapple and things by smelling them on the berries. we know how brutal the raid was, where he was captured. we know that the diamonds which was the country, the nation that captured kojo and the other people was one of the most brutal regimes in world. um, kojo, captured by the roman empire, which was responsible, according to most historical accounts of deporting of capturing about one third of the 12 million people who were enslaved. so we have the story of the raid and we know this incredible detail from kojo own mouth and from the mouths of the others who were interviewed when the diamonds attacked if you were not between about 12 and 30, they killed you. so ki

i mean, i'm learning, i learned about thorndale hurston wish of the same sort of pushed back with using certain language within her work and going up or my mom and dad and i often had this conversation of using hot water and saying things like this johnson realizing that's rooted in language that we were taught during enslavement and the wind which we created it come like it's ours now but the roots of it we still have to contend with. so hearing that from you as you want to shift my cures to several things, so thank you. >> some of the things, a very simple thing, about jamaican and petrol and nigerian pidgin. verbs are always present tense. because action is always present tense first for us. one of the reasons why white people can't understand we talk about slavery we speak in the present tense here time is a continuum and that's one of the things that's essentially african. it didn't occur to me, i thought it was just bad english, that it didn't say he went. i go, you know? him go, even where he go ego. that's because a lot of our language is like verbs remain present tense. action

president, in becoming an anthropologist, think that i had another floridian to look up to, zora neale hurston. and so the point i would make is very simply this. is something we would say so often at spelman college, something we would say at bennett college. if you see one, you can be one. [applause] jane: my what a message. the final question as we do this interview is, what is the message for tomorrow? from mary mcleod bethune, that we should share with our students, our children and grandchildren, and how well her legacy change the work -- how will her legacy change the world? >> the lessons are so many. let me just use one. if you believe something, you have the responsibility to make it happen. she believed in the power of women. and she did so much to help to make it happen, including the founding of the national council of negro women. she believed in peace and understanding so of course she was there with the founding of the united nations. she believed that segregation was evil. and so look at what she did to bring women and people of color, particularly black people into the armed

darnell hurston. the point i would make is something like this.hing we would say so often at spellman college, bennett college, and if you see one, you can be one. >> what a message. the final question as we do this interview. what is the message for tomorrow? from mary mcleod bethune, that we should share with our students, children, grandchildren, and how will her legacy change the world. >> lessons are so many. but let me use one. if you believe something, you have the responsibility to make it happen. she believed in the power of women and she did so much to help to make it happen including the founding of the national council of negro women. she believed in peace and world understanding and so she was there at the founding of the united nations. she believed that segregation was evil and look at what she did to bring women and people of color in particular, black people, into their own forces. she believed like, in the bottom of her soul, and democracy. that's why she served five presidents. that's why she in fact was the first person of colo

i think we've got a lot of expertise, and when hurston health affects. i, mean the point you made about mentoring just implementation, not the overall health effect is a really important one. and we couldn't even address this until recently, because we don't have the big data capabilities that we now have to study populations. i'll call your attention to white house conference coming up in september, where all the players are gonna be at the table. i invite you to get your saying, because i think you're saying the right thing. >> you are very kind. thank you all for being here. thank you, madam chair. >> do you have a second round of questions, senator moran? >> [inaudible] >> thank you, chairman baldwin. doctor califf, currently, it takes 3 to 5 years for a new animal feed ingredient to be approved. in fiscal year 20, i worked to secure an additional $5 million for fda to hire additional personnel to review feed ingredient approvals. fiscal year 2022, congress provided another million dollar increase to improve, or an attempt to improve this process. si