we have to think not just about the,hydrology, but also management. as chuck said, we spend billions of billions of dollars building a very sophisticated system in the west united states and it's complicated and let's test it. draw down the river 25 feet and see if our models are right. there's a lot of things we can do with models without physically doing it. there's compelling scientific evidence that posted challenges to our water systems. unfortunately, there's pretty serious evidence that we may not about quickly or effectively enough to prevent some pretty extensive consequences for us. i think that's a problem. . manager's must use current tools but also look at future risks. policy manager's have the opportunity to do this. we already manager for variability and risk. we build homes in earthquake zones not knowing how big or when the earthquake will be. but we manager risks and we have lots of tools for doing that management but we're not doing enough yet. either in planning or actually on the ground action. we do need to take more on the grou

what these things have in common is that tools that rely on traditional, natural ,hydrology, will work better in the future. there's one exception. our existing system because of snow,packs is likely to spill more water tomorrow than today. those uncaptures spills is water that can be captured by new storm. what we have not seen and we looked around the west, we have not seen anything look at all those of 6 or 7 previous factors that reduce yield and increase yield in that issue. we think balance on all those tools will perform more poorly, that does not mean they're off the table but as water supply options they're going to get more expensive in the future than today. next. what about desalinization, the source is less effected by climate change than fresh water. it presents design issues but water manager cans plan around that. the key issue is, energy. desalination is energy intensive and those will be increasingly scrutinizeed the future because of climate issues. it's about one third in southern california next most sensitive operation but that gap is shrinking rapidly and it's co

that, these are near turn gains we can do as we get to the long-term as far as uncertainties and hydrological issues that might take a longer time to resolve. >> i just want to come back down a little bit to something a bit on the specific side and add to specific points. chuck and i spent some time yesterday talking about infrastructure and knowing it and knowing where your pipes are and what they can and can't do. yesterday as a waist water person listening to this, i'm thinking pipes and pumps which i'm sure your thinking too but your talking,dams, and canals and part of that is understanding each others language but what i want to add is there's a tremendous amount of coordination and research to know pipes kind of work. i worked together with some on a number of things and there's a huge management effort on going, with, epa, to add a drinking component to that. a tool to know where your pipes are. you would be surprised how many people out there that don't know where the pipe is. they rely on joe to know where the pipe is. when joe retires we have a problem. so we need so start remember

our ancestors didn't have the hydrological data that we have.ear flood was. so it was a little bit of a guess how high the water was going to come. they'd base -- "oh, well, gee, "for the past 30 years, it hasn't been "any higher than that, so if we set the bridge 10 feet above that, we're safe." then along comes a big flood, and the bridge is gone. i think in the '27 flood in vermont, 1927, i think 400 were lost in that flood alone, leaving about 200, and it's trickled its way down to about 100 now. grimm: sometimes nature caused the losses. other times, people simply believed that the covered bridges hindered progress. you bump into people like that from time to time. "oh, get rid of the damn thing, i can't get my logging truck through here." you know, or "i can't bring my ten-wheeler through with a load of gravel." there was a bridge down in massachusetts, it was one of the new covered bridges -- it was built in the 1950s. new sheffield covered bridge. and there were interests in the town who were involved in trucking. in fact, one of them sa

discussed potential cooperation in the energy sector and russia has said that it's considering building hydrologic power plants for again to stand and reconstructing the ones built by soviet specialists also a lot of investment in reconstruction other. projects over there about one hundred and forty. three in construction projects that were built during the soviet times by the soviet specialists also trade was one of the important states us discussed today and to three times the two leaders met in the past year and managed to significantly increase trade values between the two countries. of the year we disagree medea visitors to the creation of a very important mechanism for. trade relations between our two countries namely. the intergovernmental commission on the strength and cooperation between russia a little you understand with him over the past ring usually trade turnover. seriously increased he will be more than for assault and it is now after billion u.s. dollars. another very important topic that was discussed today is of course illegal drug trafficking from again if that is russia's one o

lines or when they work together as has been the case in israel and palestine, environmentalists, hydrologyt. in which they with work across communities and not be sort of be prevented from finding interesting solutions to common problems because of political dynamics, and i thi more and more we can find ways of sort of creating or breaking down those identities that in a sense fuel violence, lead to sort of the exploitation of differences and find ways that people can, in fact, work together and develop patterns of cooperation and collaboration and they can transcend the narratives, the myth, the hatreds exploited by conflict entrepreneurs. >> well, it was asked, what would be this beast? i would give it a name. i would call it fear. fear we bring inside of us, and they think that this fear is fed by our insecurity feelings, and i'm sure that we can control that. we control it by education. we control it by the talking, by working together in our communities of people of states of nations. we can do it if you wish, and we must do it beginning with our children. i reminded of the ceremony t