we have to think not just about the,hydrology, but also management. as chuck said, we spend billions of billions of dollars building a very sophisticated system in the west united states and it's complicated and let's test it. draw down the river 25 feet and see if our models are right. there's a lot of things we can do with models without physically doing it. there's compelling scientific evidence that posted challenges to our water systems. unfortunately, there's pretty serious evidence that we may not about quickly or effectively enough to prevent some pretty extensive consequences for us. i think that's a problem. . manager's must use current tools but also look at future risks. policy manager's have the opportunity to do this. we already manager for variability and risk. we build homes in earthquake zones not knowing how big or when the earthquake will be. but we manager risks and we have lots of tools for doing that management but we're not doing enough yet. either in planning or actually on the ground action. we do need to take more on the grou

what these things have in common is that tools that rely on traditional, natural ,hydrology, will work better in the future. there's one exception. our existing system because of snow,packs is likely to spill more water tomorrow than today. those uncaptures spills is water that can be captured by new storm. what we have not seen and we looked around the west, we have not seen anything look at all those of 6 or 7 previous factors that reduce yield and increase yield in that issue. we think balance on all those tools will perform more poorly, that does not mean they're off the table but as water supply options they're going to get more expensive in the future than today. next. what about desalinization, the source is less effected by climate change than fresh water. it presents design issues but water manager cans plan around that. the key issue is, energy. desalination is energy intensive and those will be increasingly scrutinizeed the future because of climate issues. it's about one third in southern california next most sensitive operation but that gap is shrinking rapidly and it's co

that, these are near turn gains we can do as we get to the long-term as far as uncertainties and hydrological issues that might take a longer time to resolve. >> i just want to come back down a little bit to something a bit on the specific side and add to specific points. chuck and i spent some time yesterday talking about infrastructure and knowing it and knowing where your pipes are and what they can and can't do. yesterday as a waist water person listening to this, i'm thinking pipes and pumps which i'm sure your thinking too but your talking,dams, and canals and part of that is understanding each others language but what i want to add is there's a tremendous amount of coordination and research to know pipes kind of work. i worked together with some on a number of things and there's a huge management effort on going, with, epa, to add a drinking component to that. a tool to know where your pipes are. you would be surprised how many people out there that don't know where the pipe is. they rely on joe to know where the pipe is. when joe retires we have a problem. so we need so start remember

and hydrologic between five and alan and the thing in micro-gravity into her face that you have again. it's possible for anyone to take a tool a style city in two hours you'll be able to get an idea of the day space simulates is also good to see how difficult dangerous at the same time how interesting moment a space exploration and training is in russia and with me one american astronauts visiting the facility here brings us to this week's guests. michael of its immediate great to meet you so tell me how did you get involved in space exploration oh space is my whole life i was born two months after sputnik launched and just grew up watching the early days of the space program and you know what could i really do know what it would be like and you've been on to space missions that's right i've been to space shuttle missions one part of the return to flight after the accident to prove our quarter and spec and repair some kind of damage and the second one to have to add the japanese laboratory to the space station and what are you currently doing here and muska i'm preparing for a launch

he has a masters degree and doctorate in water hydrology, not petroleum engineering.but i would just offer that for the record. just to paraphrase senator cornyn and follow up on it, i think we've got to watch the regulations in the lawsuit don't become a 5000 cut. mr. cloud, how many fracturing wells have been -- >> 100,000. >> 100,000? i think it's five or 10,000 in alabama. >> i believe the numbers i got a million. >> it is just huge numbers and we just got to be careful this time and we desperately need cleaner natural gas, all american natural gas, keeping her wealth at home that we don't create a greater bureaucracy duplicate is the regulations that make it more difficult for us to fight back against high energy costs. >> thank you, mr. chairman. very much. i am honored to be on the subcommittee. you're a strong leader, an experienced member of congress. >> the house and senate are glad you're here. >> thank you very much. i look forward to working with you, senator sessions. senator whitehouse. >> i wanted to ask mr. cloud and mr. neslin when deputy administrat

he has a masters degree and doctorate in water hydrology, not petroleum engineering. but i would just offer that for the record. just to paraphrase senator cornyn and follow up on it, i think we've got to watch the regulations in the lawsuit don't become a 5000 cut. mr. cloud, how many fracturing wells have been -- >> 100,000. >> 100,000? i think it's five or 10,000 in alabama. >> i believe the numbers i got a million. >> it is just huge numbers and we just got to be careful this time and we desperately need cleaner natural gas, all american natural gas, keeping her wealth at home that we don't create a greater bureaucracy duplicate is the regulations that make it more difficult for us to fight back against high energy costs. >> thank you, mr. chairman. very much. i am honored to be on the subcommittee. you're a strong leader, an experienced member of congress. >> the house and senate are glad you're here. >> thank you very much. i look forward to working with you, senator sessions. senator whitehouse. >> i wanted to ask mr. cloud and mr. neslin when deputy administra

he has a masters degree and doctorate in water hydrology, not petroleum engineering.but i would just offer that for the reord. just to paraphrase senator cornyn and follow up on it, i think we've got to watch the regulations in the lawsuit don't become a 5000 cut. mr. cloud, how many fracturing wells have been -- >> 100,000. >> 100,000? i think it's five or 10,000 in alabama. >> i believe the numbers i got a million. >> it is just huge numbers and we just got to be careful this time and we desperately need cleaner natural gas, all american natural gas, keeping her wealth at home that we don't create a greater bureaucrac duplicate is the regulations that make it more difficult for us to fight back against high energy costs. >> thank you, mr. chairman. very much. i am honored to be on the subcommittee. you're a strong leader, an experienced member of congress. >> the house and senate are glad you're here. >> thank youery much. i look forward to working with you, senator sessions. senator whitehouse. >> i wanted to ask mr. cloud and mr. neslin when deputy administrator p