ian got this one on may 22.old me i was your first love, but you did not treat me like the precious, perfect treasure i am. you have sinned against god, and i want my power back because it belongs to us, the daughters of god." then, something new and strange started happening. angela began receiving emails, too. >> long, rambling emails saying that, you know, her husband ian doesn't love her, that michelle is, you know, his one true love and that ian is cheating on her. he manipulates women. she better get out of the picture soon before he hurts her. >> reporter: these new emails to angela sounded like michelle's emails to ian, complete with biblical imagery. but they came from multiple email addresses and were signed, "jason ray." >> telling angela that she would always be eve and that michelle was ian's lilith, his truth, and that angela would never be his one true love. >> reporter: then another email to angela appeared. the subject line: "die." the message, "i hope you are scared of death tomorrow. be prepar

ian: hideki now, peter. peter: 8-iron. ian: looks pretty straight from here.eter: on a pretty good line but i don't know that he got it all. ian: non ripples so it must be in the bunker or just in the rough settled down. the bunker is not bad. peter: i think it might be in the long grass just left of the bunker but i lost it in the air. ian: the bunkers have been so much better to play from than that long rough. that's for sure. peter: it's not like there are many places on this fwosk to bail out and play safe. now kisner with a 7-iron. ian: on a good line. thipe stopped way quicker than i've seen any other balls stop. it must have landed just on the front fridge. every other ball has bounced up. 18 tee. jim: this was earlier, oosthuizen. dottie: signaled right very quickly. nick: struggling to stay it in down there these couple of holes, because they're right there, these guys at five usually. jim: here's thomas live on the green. by the way, that other ball, i beg your pardon, belonged to rickie fowler, who was in closer than justin. paul casey got a bad hop

ian: hideki now, peter. peter: 8-iron. ian: looks pretty straight from here.eter: on a pretty good line but i don't know that he got it all. ian: non ripples so it must be in the bunker or just in the the bunker is not bad. peter: i think it might be in the long grass just left of the bunker but i lost it in the air. ian: the bunkers have been so much better to play from than that long rough. that's for sure. peter: it's not like there are many places on this fwosk to bail out and play safe. now kisner with a 7-iron. ian: on a good line. thipe stopped way quicker than i've seen any other balls stop. it must have landed just on the front fridge. every other ball has bounced up. 18 tee. jim: this was earlier, oosthuizen. dottie: signaled right very quickly. nick: struggling to stay it in down there these couple of holes, because they're right there, these guys at five usually. jim: here's thomas live on the green. by the way, that other ball, i beg your pardon, belonged to rickie fowler, who was in closer than justin. paul casey got a bad hop with his second sho

of ian's new wife, angela.and brimstone language of the threatening emails, so distinctive and seemingly in michelle's voice. >> reporter: so that language of religious retribution -- >> made it appear to be michelle. >> reporter: you stand before god on this thing and -- >> that's right. and that caused the police and -- and our investigators as well to look at it and say, "well, this is michelle writing this." >> reporter: one thing was clear, though. the computer forensics had blown a sizable hole in the prosecution's case. guisti seized the moment and worked out a deal. the da would release michelle from jail. charges against her. and the investigation would continue. after 88 days, michelle walked out of jail. >> on the outside, basically my parents. they were there waiting for me and got my coffee. got my -- >> reporter: famous coffee. the good cup of coffee, huh? >> yeah. the good cup of coffee which oh man i had been dreaming about that for so long. >> reporter: it was an incredible moment for the hadle

it remains first down. >> ian: sean culkin. situation, it's irrelevant now but don't go out-of-bounds. force them to use timeouts. good grab by brown. penalty. now at the 50-yard line, 17-yard catch. the 10-yard penalty. it gives the chargers first and three. the rams still have three timeouts remaining. give it to barner. slammed down. did not break away from casey sayles. there's one of the timeouts used with 1:31 to play. >> for the 2018 hall of fame class -- >> dan: he deserves it, too. he built a couple of franchises. also jerry kramer on that list, from the seniors division. robert brazil. a great linebacker for the houston oilers. but jerry kramer, you think about those great packers teams. he played on this field in the first super bowl ever. >> ian: 2nd & 4 after the timeout. 1:for three remaining. barner going in the wrong direction. casey sayles sifts it out again. of rookie from ohio. >> dan: back-to-back plays by casey sayles. last year he blocked a play from bercovici. he splits the double-team block with real pow

a movie about ian's journey and ian's life.the way, you know, you could win - for an emmy for your show "baskets." [ cheers and applause ] >> what a segue. >> jimmy: yeah. that's what i do. i make segues. >> right. >> jimmy: i take ian and i bring him to emmy is what i do. well, congratulations. >> thanks. >> jimmy: and i'm very happy about this because i love that show "baskets." and you have two -- you really could have been nominated twice in that same category, couldn't you? >> well, it's an honor to be nominated. i did not -- i didn't think about it. >> jimmy: did you even know you were nominated when you were nominated? >> i got some -- a bunch of -- texts were coming in on my phone. a lot of them. >> jimmy: that's where mine come in too. [ laughter ] >> these were on my land line. rotary dial. [ laughter ] >> jimmy: that is unusual. >> no, a lot of texts were coming through. my phone, i never have it on me but i heard it. i thought, that sounds like an emergency, i'm not getting the phone. [ laughter ] and that's how i f

it remains first down. >> ian: sean culkin. one thing for brown, given that situation, it's irrelevant now but don't go out-of-bounds. force them to use timeouts. good grab by brown. penalty. now at the 50-yard line, 17-yard catch. the 10-yard penalty. it gives the chargers first and three. the rams still have three timeouts remaining. give it to barner. slammed down. did not break away from casey sayles. there's one of the timeouts used with 1:31 to play. >> bobby beth or, named finalist for the 2018 hall of fame class -- >> dan: he deserves it, too. he built a couple of franchises. also jerry kramer on that list, from the seniors division. robert brazil. a great linebacker for the houston oilers. but jerry kramer, you think about those great packers teams. he played on this field in the first super bowl ever. >> ian: 2nd & 4 after the timeout. 1:for three remaining. barner going in the wrong direction. casey sayles sifts it out again. of rookie from ohio. >> dan: back-to-back plays by casey sayles. last year he blocked a play

that is what meant that ian watkins was free to offend for yea rs ian watkins was free to offend forger than he needs have been, and that is what so important to put right. joanne mjadzelics had first reported ian watkins to the authorities. she had worked as an escort and had been in a relationship with the singer. she had messages on her phone in which he spoke of wanting to abuse children, but officers didn't think she was the right sort of complainant and she wasn't taken seriously. but she wasn't a lone voice. between december 2008 and june 20 12, voice. between december 2008 and june 2012, six people raised concerns. it led to eight reports, and three intelligence logs. but during that time, ian watkins wasn't arrested, questioned or even required to respond to the allegations. today, joanne mjadzelics's barrister said she hoped lessons have been learned. she gave them every opportunity to do their job gave them every opportunity to do theirjob to investigate. they weren't interested. south wales police didn't begin investigating ian watkins until four years after they were tip

the public face of ian watkins was that of a global star.tely, he was a child abuser whose behaviour, in the words of the judge who sentenced him, "plumbed the depths of the depravity." his eventual arrest in 2012, initially for drug offences, came after years of missed opportunities. the police watchdog and the ipcc found disturbing failures in the way south wales police responded to tip offs. the main complainant was his former partner, joanne mjadzelics. the ipcc says a lack of open—mindedness meant she wasn't taken seriously. she was not a lone voice. between december 2008 and june 2012, six people raised concerns. it led to eight reports and three intelligence logs, but during that time, watkins was not arrested, questioned, or required to respond to allegations. south wales police admit they failed to listen or investigate properly and say they are "truly sorry." the disciplinary hearing has cleared a detective sergeant with the force, of grossness conduct. last week, the ipcc also accused the south yorkshire force of inaction in inves

i want to bring it back from the public ian mckellen to the private and deeply personal ian mckellen.e always guarded your own private life. i know that at one point, you decided to write an autobiography. you took the money, the advance. i didn't. it was offered. you handed it back and never actually got it. the point is, you had second thoughts. why? i don't think there is anything remarkable about my private life, from what i can observe. there is a clear distinction between saying, i'm what i'm, and saying, this is what i do. i do not want to start talking about my relationships. that is not fair, unless the other person is with me talking about it as well. but the idea of an autobiography is very misleading. you get one side of the story. but on the principle, on the issue, i can be bold. and knowing that i'm in the right, standing on the moral high ground, that is easier. to be nosy, i will dig a bit more into the personal. you live in a country where things have changed an awful lot in your lifetime. frankly, if you were in your 20s or 30s now, you could, in a way that you coul

ian? >> was it the british? >> no. no. lexie? >> confederation. >> the confederation congress, right? so the assumption is that congress has the authority to make rules for the northwest territory. fast forward to the kansas/nebraska act. the kansas/nebraska act lays down rules governing slavery or the possibility of slavery in kansas and nebraska. okay? congress does that. congress adopts the kansas/nebraska act. so the assumption from the northwest ordinance all the way up to the kansas/nebraska act is that the united states congress is vested with the authority to make determinations about the status of slavery in the territories. i mean, no matter what decision it makes, the northwest ordinance was no slavery. kansas/nebraska it's, well, slave ru ry if you can get a por majority. it's congress passing the legislation. it's congress which has the authority to oversee. that's about to change. boy, is it about to change. and it changes because of this gentleman here. the chief justice of the united states supreme court, roger br

joanne mjadzelics had first reported ian watkins to the authorities. worked as an escort and had been in a relationship with the singer. she had messages on her phone in which he spoke of wanting to abuse children, but officers didn't think she was the right sort of complainant and she wasn't taken seriously. but she wasn't a lone voice. between december 2008 and june 20 12, six people raised concerns. it led to eight reports, and three intelligence logs. but during that time, ian watkins wasn't arrested, questioned or even required to respond to the allegations. today, joanne mjadzelics‘s barrister said she hoped lessons have been learned. she'd time after time went to her local police station, operating them the chance to look at her laptop where she had any know from him attaching photographs of underage children and they didn't want to look at it. she gave them every opportunity to do theirjob to investigate. they weren't interested. south wales police didn't begin investigating ian watkins until four years after they were tipped off that he was a

sooner. paedophile ian watkins to justice sooner.ation by the police watchdog has found. the independent police complaints commission says that from 2008 the force failed to act on allegations made by seven people about the then lead singer of the lostprophets. the public face of ian watkins was that of a global star. privately, he was a child abuser whose behaviour, in the words of the judge who sentenced him, "plumbed the depths of the depravity." his eventual arrest in 2012, initially for drug offences, came after years of missed opportunities. the police watchdog, the ipcc, found disturbing failures in the way south wales police responded to complaints. the main complainant was his former partner, joanne mjadzelics. the ipcc says a lack of open—mindedness meant she wasn't taken seriously. she was not a lone voice. between december 2008 and june 2012, six people raised concerns. it led to eighth reports and three intelligence logs. in that time, watkins was not arrested, questioned, or required to respond to allegations. south wal

joanne mjadzelics had first reported ian watkins to the authorities.scort and had been in a relationship with the singer. she had messages on her phone in which he spoke of wanting to abuse children, but officers didn't think she was the right sort of complainant and she wasn't taken seriously. but she wasn't a lone voice. between december 2008 and june 2012, six people raised concerns. it led to eight reports, and three intelligence logs. but during that time, ian watkins wasn't arrested, questioned or even required to respond to the allegations. today, joanne mjadzelics's barrister said she hoped lessons have been learned. she'd time after time went to her local police station, operating them the chance to look at her laptop where she had e—mail from him attaching photographs of underage children and they didn't want to look at it. she gave them every opportunity to do theirjob to investigate. they weren't interested. south wales police didn't begin investigating ian watkins until four years after they were tipped off that he was a danger to children

ian conn the chief executive of british gas's parent company, centrica.as necessary despite a decrease in the wholesale cost of energy. we do agree that over the last few yea rs we do agree that over the last few years since we dropped our electricity prices the last time, wholesale costs have indeed fallen by about £36 on the typical bill but we've seen these other factors of transmission and distribution costs and energy policy go up by nearly £100. that's the main driver. the other thing is you have to look at where we started from. we have the cheapest electricity tariff of the large suppliers and even after this increase we will still be materially below the average for electricity. joining me now to give us her reaction to the rise is consumer energy commentator ann robinson. british gas is the last of the big energy companies to put prices up. and they deserve credit for that. having said that, we heard them blame it on the cost of delivering energy to our home and energy policies. since last year, their own price index which includes delivery char

ian was mind blowing in some ways. it's true.re was a naturalness with it and a spirit with it and an understanding of what you were saying that -- no. i believed. i'm a nice person but i'm not kind when it comes to those things. >> you have a bit of a mustache. >> ian just turned nine. he became famous for posting viral reviews on youtube and his dad recently won the role of king george in "hamilton." >> my dad can sing and act. >> what do you love about it? >> what i love about the theater? >> just like ian, jim is a theater buff too and they bonded over broadway. >> vow so many more people recognize you in the theater than me. they love you there. it's true and it's not just because you wear tap shoes and they hear you coming. he did. >> he is so cute. if you're wondering where have i seen that face? ian played woodly's son biggie. so, by the way, everybody there. >> straight ahead. an exclusive. >> sounds great. >> plus. how playing a bad guy got matthew mcconaughey points with the kids. >> and channing tatum a bed livery . >

nbc bay area ian cull joins us from the newsroom with the new video and the numbers from the fire line. >> the raj so far at least nine homes completely gone as well as firefighters try and slow the fast-moving fire. tonight cal fire and the county crews battle the flames in a dry and hot area filled with trees as you can see. evacuation ordered issued. we're told 60 homes are threatened. tankers are trying to paint fire lines to stop it from spreading. this woman tried to rescue her horse named miracle. >> i was surprised she was still in the pasture because she could get out. but she -- she was still there. >> a lot of neighbors along the lump kin road ee vaccing quickly from a fire that broke out around 1:00 p.m. today. it is zero% contained and in the morning any will rescan the area and get updated count and the homes destroyed. nbc bay area news. >> thank you ian. >> just in the newsroom north korean government released photographs of yesterday's ballistic missile launch that flew over japan. that warning shot that land pd in the pacific ocean has escalated tension between the u.

at the time of the attack, blaze was 14 years old, ian 10, porsche 4, gigi 2 and the baby just 13 months old was born in kenya. their morning at the mall unfolded just as any families might. they had lunch together. then the boys decided to race down to the first floor to a big department store, sort of like a super walmart. mom and the three young girls were finishing up lunch, so they lagged behind. as they were walking through the mall to catch up with the boys, with a baby in a sling and the two toddlers, it happened, an explosion. >> the first thing that tells you something is wrong is a huge bang. >> yeah. >> coming from where? >> it was the main entrance, so it was off to my right and behind me. i remember turning around and looking at it and just seeing people screaming and running. >> in those first seconds, catherine was unsure what was happening. she thought it sounded like broken glass or something falling. but she immediately grasped that she and her girls were in danger. the chaos confused another mother not far from catherine. faith was in the mall with her two children, n

ian cull nbc bay area news. >> thank you ian. >>> the infamous former pharmaceutical executive marnishkreli most known for spiking the cost a aides drug and sparking outrage around the country. but this trial actually centered on two failed hedge funds. a federal jury found him guilty on three of eight counts for securities fraud and conspiracy. >> informs a witch hunt of epic proportions. and maybe they found one or two broom sticks but end of the day we've been acquitted of the most important charges of this case. >> he is not going down easy. prosecutors say he ran a ponzi scheme lying to investors and stealing from his pharma company to cover the losses. at the time of his arrest he was also the ceo of a peninsula drug company called cal a bios. he faces 20 years in prison. >>> well a presidential vacation, the white house calls it a working vacation. you see president trump getting ready to go out of town. now at his new jersey golf club. kicking off a 17-day break from the white house. back in washington, attorney general jeff sessions is back in the headlines. announcing today

a rock star and a hero to his fans across the world, but in private ian watkins was a paedophile, hisumbed the depths of depravity." his sexual interest in children was reported by his former girlfriend. watkins had sent indecent images tojoanne mjadzelics' mobile phone, but when she took it to the police, her allegations were not followed up. the police watchdog, the independent police complaints commission, has found officers' bias against her meant watkins was able to carry on abusing children. joanne mjadzelics spoke today of the toll it's all taken. she said: south wales police didn't begin investigating ian watkins until four years after they were tipped off that he was a danger to children. he was arrested during a drugs raid at his home here, in pontypridd. what they then found on his mobile phones and computers showed that those earlier warnings should have been acted on. in all, six people made complaints about watkins, none were followed up. south wales police missed opportunity after opportunity to bring him in for questioning, to arrest him or to bring him tojustice. the

thank you, ian. he has been tweeting updates from the scene throughout the evening. can follow us for breaking and developing news 24/7. our twitter handle is @nbcbayarea. hope has run out for an oakland nurse fighting to stay in the country. we told you about the story last night. tonight her deportation is imminent. >> i'm leaving tomorrow. there's nothing i can do. leaving your life behind is not easy, but leaving the kids is the hardest. >> she says she is leaving tomorrow, speaking to our terry mcsweeney at her home in oakland. she says she got a call from senator dianne feinstein personally breaking the news to her. federal immigration agents, ice, denied a stay request. maria, her husband and 12-year-old son will leave tomorrow for mexico. they will be leaving behind in the u.s. her daughters. the couple lived in the united states for nearly 25 years. senator feinstein said she will introduce a private bill next month to help the family gain permanent residence >>> i'm here for one reason and one reason alone. >> tonight a grieving father is vowing to find the

reporting live in campbell, ian cull, "nbc bay area news" >>> thank you, ian.an was first reporter to arrive at the scene. he's been tweeting updates since. you can follow his reports by following us on twitter. our handle is @nbcbayarea. >> new at 1 i, a man fell off a pg&e power pole. no idea why he climbed up that poll. witnesses say he scaled a transmission tower this afternoon and touched a power line. he fell approximately 80 feet to the ground and started a small grass fire. people quickly ran over and sprayed the man with fire extinguishers. >> obviously we were just concerned about his safety and, you know, why he would do something like that and climb a poll that obviously it was, you know, you're not going to survive something like that. >> obviously dangerous and highly illegal as well. the man suffered critical burns around trauma. roughly 2200 people were left without power temporarily following this incident >>> more neurotic and can't handle stress. those words written by a google engineer by women in high tech got him fired. now that engineer i

sot: ian petrich, friend//just had a real zest for love and life and nature and passion. yeah just a really beautiful person."they say his voice was powerful and deeply touched all those who listened.(nats: more singing)sot: pancho morris, friend// "i don't know if you've ever seen a singer who can get to you. it will be a while before someone gets to me."oakland police haven't found those responsible for david's murder yet. an investigation is underway anyone with information can call opd. in berkeley ella sogomonian kron 4 news. ((vicki)) tonight a second arrest has been made after a shooting in redwood city. one of the suspects is a 16- year-old boy... the other is 19-years old. both face attempted murder charges. the victim -- an 18-year-old was shot several times -- and at last check was in critical condtiion. it all happened just before 2:00 a.m. on hoover street -- near highway 101. the shooting reportedly happened during a drug deal. officers say the victim and suspects knew each other and there was no threat to the public. ((steve))a san francisco teen is back ho

ian: that is the bad news. seen over the last three years is europe has gone back to being negatively correlated with the euro much as period.in the pre-2007 export is that big machine and that is what drives european equities. manus: that is a strong and forceful point made, hopefully people will listen to that. next. recordencent posts a profit and alibaba is expected to have a strong quarter. we will break down the tech industry in china and the u.s. this is bloomberg. ♪ manus: it has gone 8:20 a.m., futures down by .2 of 1%. equities are set for a slightly lower opening. 10 year government bonds are up and running. just finishing off for the day. dubai markets 3588, flat on the day, bunds and equities little bit softer. indicated a slip lower. let's take that down. your stocks futures -- euro lower.futures anna: let's get to juliette saly. juliette: companies behind the most popular u.s. credit cards have said they are severing ties with extremist organizations that incite violence. it is ending merchant ag

tracy and deborah, two ian paterson's victims.ctims. news of the higher sentence was just what they had hoped for. i felt very emotional. it was the right decision. the increase has given the right message. we have all got life sentences. 20 years, to me, at least he will serve a significant sentence. the court of appealjudges said no sentence could properly reflect the suffering of his patients, and they ruled he should serve an extra five years. the government lawyer that challenge the original sentence said justice had been done. the substantial increase in the sentence, to 20 years, sends out a clear message to the wider community that our system will not tolerate such egregious breaches of trust. ian paterson, seen here before his sentencing, mutilated patients after deceiving them into a necessary surgery. patients after deceiving them into a necessary surgery. he watched today's hearing from prison by videolink, at times shaking his head when details of his offences were described. that angered john, in court today. he was

two years afterjohn left the unit, ian terry was killed.een involved with firearms a lot, but another situation where a police officer would end up shooting another police officer by accident, it shouldn't have happened. the crown prosecution service said there was not enough evidence to bring criminal charges against any officers. the greater manchester police was fines for health and safety offences. in 2014 one of the officers who organised the training was fired from the force. the man who shot ian terry was disciplined but still works for the police. we would have liked there to have been rather more disciplinary action against the officers who ran the exercise. he was a good friend of ian and hejust could not explain why he had gone with all that was happening. he had just gone into what he would have done in a live situation. we got the impression that the firearms officers were more or less allowed just to get on and do their own thing. john buttress has met the two police officers who organised the ill—fated training. they had born

the chief exec of centrica, ian conn explained why. have been held flat. we have seen for reductions in gas prices in the period since 2013 as well as a small electricity for at the end of 2013. this is the first time we've put our prices up in that period. we are leaving gas prices flat. the reason for this is the transmission and distribution costs have been going up as well as the environmental and social policy costs a nd environmental and social policy costs and recently we've been selling electricity at a loss. those are the reasons we've had to put prices up, beginning in the middle of september. the overall impact for the average dualfuel of september. the overall impact for the average dual fuel bill is £76 and this will affect 3.1 million of oui’ and this will affect 3.1 million of our customers out of a total of 8.4. when you put this reason at the end of last year, wholesale electricity costs have actually come down. if you could afford to freeze then people will say nothing has really changed in the landscape and why can't

a rock star and a hero to his fans across the world, but in private ian watkins was a paedophile, hisaviour was described as "having plumbed the depths of depravity." his sexual interest in children was reported by his former girlfriend. watkins had sent indecent images tojoanne mjadzelics‘ mobile phone, but when she took it to the police, her allegations were not followed up. the police watchdog, the independent police complaints commission, has found officers‘ bias against her meant watkins was able to carry on abusing children. joanne mjadzelics spoke today of the toll it's all taken. she said... "the ipcc report finally vindicates me and accepts that from the outset i was telling the truth and trying to bring a serious criminal sexual predator to justice." south wales police didn't begin investigating ian watkins until four years after they were tipped off that he was a danger to children. he was arrested during a drugs raid at his home here, in pontypridd. what they then found on his mobile phones and computers showed that those earlier warnings should have been acted on. in all,

blez, clutching his brother ian, racing from the gunfire with one thought. >> i thought, ian first, saveme second. >> reporter: you headed to the back of the store? >> other people were rushing back. we followed the crowd. >> reporter: they made it to a storeroom at the back of the store. others were hiding there too, including an american mother with her own kids. without catherine there to comfort them, the boys stayed with that mother. blez hoped they were far enough way from the gun-toting terrorists. but they weren't. surveillance video shows the terrorists made it all the way to the back, hunting for more victims. but this wise 14-year-old did something ingenious. >> i finally pulled ian inside, sat him beside a thing of flour. one by one by one meters of flour on all sides of him. >> reporter: a barricade of flower bags? >> yes, we pulled toilet paper on top of our heads so nobody would see us. every once in a while we would hear gunfire, grenade sounds. and at one point these people came in, saying we're the police, it's okay. >> reporter: the gunfire the walton boys had been hea

but they -- ian. ian is the kid who's playing sheldon. and his tape came in.ind-blowing. and i thought, oh, he looks really young but he must be like 13 or something to be able to do this. he was 8. he was 8. he is such a manchild. he's like -- he thinks like a >> jimmy: what do you mean he thinks like a man? because that could be dangerous. >> no, no. do not twist this on me. [ laughter ] this is not a dirty story. you are horrible. you're a gutter. he -- i'll tell you what it is. he like -- when we first started working together, he would be like -- look. there's a certain complication in sheldon, especially for a child, which is -- and especially for a smart empathetic actor like ian is. he understands things. he reads people's emotions well and he listens well and he's now playing a character that's not supposed to always be able to do that. and so every once in a while they'd have me kind of read through a scene, like he could listen to me do it. and i thought i don't want to give him line readings. that's not possible. the kid is not a mimic. you can wat

i want to thank ian, where ian is, for his role in getting me. ian and i are both from pittsburgh. i want to thank ian for a year ago having the foresight to make sure that this talk was planned on a night when the stanley cup was not being played. ian, wherever you are, exceptionally well done, my friend. i'm going to just pick up on one of the things that pete said. i am not a civil war historian. so anything that i do wrong, anything that i say that is terrible, my colleague chris keller who is the army war college's real civil war expert, chris is going to wave his hands at me or threaten me in some way. so if i do anything wrong, blame chris, all right. everything i know i know from chris. pete and ian asked me almost a year ago to talk about the concept of total war, and the notion of total war. as it relates to the american civil war and as it relates to the conflict that i study the most, the first world war. we'll see how this goes. as i said, this is not a subject i know particularly well. but what the heck, we'll walk on a wire and see if i fall off. total war is a tough