leena vuotovesi is leading the green revolution in ii. the city with all these fresh ideas for how to really tackle climate change. by 2025, ii wants to be the first town in the world to produce zero waste. a goal embraced by all generations. we are heading to the centre of ii. it's houses from 18th century. the changes started seven years ago. ii stopped burning fossil fuels and began to build wind farms. they've switched to renewable energy only. wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal. we understood in ii, seven years ago, that climate change is not coming, climate change is here. and we cannot expect the rest of the world to do anything for our sake. we need to try to do our best, and take this into our own hands. they believe the key is early education. this ii primary school has 100 children aged 7—12 years old. in all schools across town, older kids mentor younger kids about climate change. so, in our school, we do something very similar. 15—year—old kia is one of the mentors. i have come encourage help help to younger children to do th

we understood in ii, seven geothermal. we understood in ii, seve n years geothermal.ate change is not coming, climate change is here. and we cannot expect the rest of the world to do anything for our sake. we need to try to do our best, and take this into our own hands. they believe the key is early education. this primary school has 100 children aged 7—12 in all schools across town, older kids men taught younger kids about climate change. in our school, we do something very similar. this 15—year—old is one of the mentors.” have had great help to younger children to do the better choices and help the environment. they are doing so well already. sofia and 0tto's job to check if the classrooms have the right temperature and lighting levels. there is going on big climate crisis. we have to work together to stop the climate change and help the environment. many of you may think, what can one human do? well, actually, the small, better choices that we make to switch off the lights, that's probably the easiest thing you can do. when you combine them all together, it really

why world war ii?it's interesting because erik showed a picture of a soldier with a cigarette hanging, near the end, and that's how it all started. we found that the photograph was so beautiful, and wanted to focus on the end of the war. we think that it's an important book. we talk about how every generation that has their own war, because we forget how bad, how terrible war is, and we created the book because we wanted to create this lasting record. not that we were creating a lasting record, but the photographers were creating a lasting record. and we hope that people look at the book and realize how serious any war is. it doesn't have to be a total war, and that's the gift they left behind. >> and 1945 is not just when world war ii ended. it's when the atomic age dawned, and there is so much happening. there's a picture in the book of jewish refugees getting ready to go to palestine. a picture of the vietnamese protesters wanting to have independence for vietnam after world war ii, which they could

gerry: you spoken and written positively about saint john paul ii. but there are those that think -- it was on his watch she could put on that were a lot of these failures occurred. is his record, it was an extraordinary record in terms of changing the world and change the church. is it tainted by the church's failure on the child abuse? >> it is part of the picture without a doubt. but on the other hand as i described in the memoir of john paul ii a couple of years ago called lessons and hope, i went to rome in april 2002 to make sure that the pope was getting the information he needed to deal with us. and once he understood what was going on, he acted decisively as did then cardinal ratzinger. it's really one of the heroes of this unfortunate story. another thing i think gary that has to be said about john paul ii is a great reformer of the priesthood. and once those reforms kicked in and the u.s., and the late '80s an early 90s, the incidence of clerical sexual abuse drops dramatically. gerry: very quickly one of the puzzles are people inside and

and the strategy and world war ii.and then i could show you photographs i have of the president returning from tehran. and with this great moment of success. and the president surprises everybody by not appointing with the man everybody would assume command the d-da invasion george marshall. but appoints young general dwight eisenhower. and in retrospect what a point that was. because other presidents we could name believed in coalition. them believed you couldn't just when a modern war on your own. and that not only he saved the day but appoints the man who commanded and then and cairo and then to be nicknamed the sacred cow. [laughter] and then to see eisenhower in person and why he has chosen him. and then to face not only across the germans and those who is one of the great debaters i know. of all time so the president spend several days with eisenhower on board the sacred cow and flight to malta and then the distinguished general clerk for his bravery and then asks general george patton who was in disgrace for sla

i was a combat commander in the 10th division in world war ii. river crossing we did on the way was one of the things i would least like to do again. we did it at night. and it is always more difficult to do something at night and it is a lot more scary. we carried these assault boats for what seemed like five miles through the woods. when he came out of the woods, at the edge of the river, we had to go across a lot of open fields and across some fences. while we were going through there, it was pitch dark, of course. all of a sudden, we walked into not only a minefield, but the whole place was booby-trapped. just as the first mine or first booby-trapped went off, they began to let us have it with mortar and artillery fire. people screaming "medic." you didn't know if you should put your foot down again front of you for fear you're going to step on something or whether you should just stay right where you were or what to do. it is about as scary a thing as i have us -- ever been through. >> we finally got to the river and crossed without too much

he said the deciding battle of world war ii and it was. and my father lost so many men in normandy, his battalion within days he was already moving into belgium and holland and by december of 1944, he was on the border of germany for which he won the distinguished service order at age 25. what i was doing at age 25 -- i have every bit of admiration for those people who risk and especially those who lost their lives in the mighty endeavor as fdr called it. but i think it also, speaking now as a biographer who has spent so many years writing these long the doors will have to close. they can't be kept open. my motivation for spending pay much a lifetime writing these biographies, my montgomery biography with three volumes and took ten years. my motivation has always been the curiosity. i want to know the real story behind the myth, but also in my case i grew up admiring not only my father, but other people that i came to interview in my various books for their leadership qualities. i think leadership is not a particularly popular word in the

and paying for world war ii.the days of world war ii the need was indeed great. franklin roosevelt as president made a number of speeches to the american people and the weeks right after the attack in pearl harbor and one thing he impressed in the american people, was that everybody, rich, poor, old, young, did not matter had a role to pay play a very important one. in getting this monumental job done of paying for the war, and winning the war. i'm giving you an excerpt of his state of the union address from 1942. just a few sentences that will encapsulate what he was talking about here. and how he was urging all americans to do their little bit. fdr came before congress, and the american people on that occasion, and he said, war, costs money. so far, we have hardly even begun to pay for it. we have devoted only 15% of our national income to national defense. as will appear in my budget message tomorrow. our war program for the coming fiscal year, will cost $56 billion. or, in other words more than half of the es

devereaux, adrew company commander in the 10th armored division in world war ii.pirit in ourlous division. i think it was due to the training we got from the general art division commander in the states. he was killed in an airplane crash before we went overseas. he had a couple of very pet things that he liked. one that we had to wear the top button of our coveralls buttoned. this was uncomfortable but we got so that we looked at other outfits that were them unbuttoned and thought they look liked sloths. when you gave a salute in the 10th armored division, a tiger salute, you lifted your chin in the air like that. that seemed to silly until after a while we got used to it. then we thought were the only outfit in the whole army that thought we knew how to salute property. >> into light, 1944, a new leader -- in july, 19 44, a new leader assumes command. >> i am lieutenant general william hh morris junior. i was commanding general of the 10th armored division in europe during world war ii. >> the division sailed from new the on september 14, 1944. long pier to trai

the world war ii generation takes some time. i would point to one difference between the world war i and world war ii generations. the meaning of the war for the world war ii generation was what worldubt, but war i meant was very much questionable for those who came back from france. what was it exactly they were fighting for? how should it become, rise -- should it become a member aided -- how should it be commemorated? how should fighting in the trenches be remembered, as victimhood, sacrifice, valor? veterans and their organizations worked very hard to put their stamp on what the meeting -- on what the meaning was for them, right away i think, whereas you hear stories from the world war ii generation, they all came back, went to school and they all had kids. that was their active commemoration, to forget about it, to leave the great depression and world war ii behind and get on with a productive, successful life. generation was different, not to mention at all the way this was addressed in terms of literature, so lost generat

i was combat commander of ccb 10th armored division in world war ii.ical furnished us every half-hour a squadron of planes circled us. at the same time, by some luck, a captain staggered in two -- to bastogne. how he got there i do not know but he was an expert on operating with the air from the ground. we had a fine vhf sat and work with the air. we set the thing up in the middle of the compound and he used the air as follows. the airplanes carried napalm bombs, ordinary bombs, rockets and what he called bullets. he says i pulled the napalm bombs first and bombs next. i pulled the rockets next then i gave them bullets. and before i let them go, they would encircle once to give us new targets. i have estimated that this, that the air was equal to at least two divisions of help. because they could see in the snow which had newly fallen, where the tanks had gone and they were able to bomb all of these little woods. at one time they found they were moving right toward the fourth armored division which was battling to get into us. and i think the air, the

probably the bombings of london, the london blitz, world war ii.you look around the edges of this scene of serenity and peace, you look around the edges referencee doll, a possibly to a body of war, and the light in the back, to me, references the kind of orange glow of the fire bomb in the back. it is one of the more subtle images that shows the images of horror overseas that references threat to the the future generations. as i said before, the paintings of rockwell were not the images that americans sought. if you follow me, i can show you have comecans would to learn about rockwell's four freedoms through images from the saturday evening post. from february through april every other week, a one of rockwell's images appeared with a full-page spread with an essay by a writer of their interpretation of freedom of speech or freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear. the saturday evening post circulated to millions of people , so americans would have seen these images, much like americans today would have seen them on a television and

gerry: you spoken and written positively about saint john paul ii. there are those that think -- it was on his watch she could put on that were a lot of these failures occurred. is his record, it was an extraordinary record in terms of changing the world and change the church. is it tainted by the church's failure on the child abuse? >> it is part of the picture without a doubt. but on the other hand as i described in the memoir of john paul ii a couple of years ago called lessons and hope, i went to rome in april 2002 to make sure that the pope was getting the information he needed to deal with us. and once he understood what was going on, he acted decisively as did then cardinal ratzinger. it's really one of the heroes of this unfortunate story. another thing i think gary that has to be said about john paul ii is a great reformer of the priesthood. and once those reforms kicked in and the u.s., and the late '80s an early 90s, the incidence of clerical sexual abuse drops dramatically. gerry: very quickly one of the puzzles are people inside and outs

it was right after world war ii.plies were hard to get so he would drop week wrigley spearmint gum or hershey's chocolate. and the kids that were watching the plane land. over here we have information on cuba. , the castro, julio to castro was being trained along with other cubans to invade cuba. he donated his uniform to the museum. we have what we believe was raul castro's military at. it's not 100% confirmed that it is but we are 90% sure. it says here that it is a military hat reportedly owned by raul castro. era,ween masks of the castro and cruise ship, autographed print of the type of planes flying low-level missions over cuba during the crisis. it was this plane that you see here flying the low-level missions. note today by president kennedy. he's in the briefing, making the note, and throws it away. papercretary salvaged the , she kept it and threw some sources, we were able to acquire it. here is a piece of paper that john f. kennedy was doodling on during the cuban missile crisis. you can see very unique, g

he was a world war ii hero who had his funeral here two years ago. >> i've been here over 40 years. and i never remember anything like this. >> reporter: the package was sent from a woman in los angeles shamed shannon bowen who told us by phone she saw the bag online and decided to buy it for the family. >> i found this nice military- looking duffle bag from a store in detroit. and i could see the name so clearly spelled out on the side. and i thought i should really buy that and i should really see if the family is still alive and would like it. >> i'm just touched by this. especially because it's for someone who passed away who was a veteran. >> reporter: the woman googled ruggieri and found his obituary. since he was a san francisco native, and earned a purple heart. he key dyed in 2017 at the age of 97. >> he just sounded like such a wonderful human being. >> reporter: the funeral director reached out to his daughter in the east bay. she told us she was grateful to the person who sent the bag but there's a mystery. the service member on the bag doesn't match his actual service n

teeth --n american his on american history tv, journalist eliza money talks co-girls, -- world war ii u.s. navy women code breakers remarks were hosted by the national world were to museum in new orleans. the next session is when i can mention earlier. haspanelists liza munday agreed to expand on her original talk. session and leave the conversation and q&a after the presentation, we have asked our friend catherine barb e.a., professor at the city state university, to lead the session. catherine has been involved with our museum for over a decade and just to mess ago she helped just two months ago, she upped organize a program where we had scholars from around the continent come for a daylong program. catherine's information is in your program. i point out that in addition to being a professor at mississippi state university she is the author of two fine books, one entitled, the battle of kursk and the other, strategy and tactics. ladies and jump in, dr. mundy.ne barbeeand liza [applause] >> good morning. happy to see all of these nice faces outfront. this is a fantastic event and i'm

boston is, a lot of money is finally in after world war ii.nd there's the electronics , industry is based on the east coast. there is a lot of existing industry. what explains silicon valley? santa clara valley was known for it's biggest export is prunes at the time being the prune capital . is known for being the prune capital of america. it had two assets. it was on the pacific coast where a lot of wartime military activity had gone on and continues to go on. so military installations in the bay area. and, it had stanford. stanford university was a respectable institution but was better known for its football team that being a harvard of the west. it wanted to be a harvard of the west. thist has a great asset in guy named fred turman who had gone to m.i.t. for graduate school and was a student of vannevar bush. during world war ii, he had gone to boston to work under bush in this research effort. he is sitting in cambridge and looking at what is going on and he knows after the war, bush and thiss are building infrastructure to continue forwa

the new deal, the depression era, giving a little sense of what america was like prior to world war iiaight into the war years with videos of fdr's for freedoms speech and trying toence caps late the four freedoms in art and other images of world war ii following the introduction of fdr's state of the union address of 1941 we look at some of rockwell's early war images, images that were about the common person joining the military and what military life was like, a more light hearted approach and rlly, the heart of the exhibition is rockwell's wrestling with these concepts of four freedoms of trying to come up with imagery that would capture the ideals in a convincing manner and then the spread of those images across the united states. first throughth ma mags and then posters, the war bond drive and ultimately leaning towards the end of world war ii. the show culminates with some of rockwell's great and lesser known works that confronts civil rights and reimagined, i think, the values of the nation and finally as a coda to the exhibition, the rockwell museum had some 40 artists' work t

. >> president trump on the attack, ripping democrats and a deceased world war ii army veteran. >>> we're hours away from a seven-way primetime showdown, as the democratic candidates for president prepare for a live tv debate. welcome to our viewers in the united states and around the world. this is "early start." good morning. >> i'm dave briggs. it's december 19th, 4:00 a.m. in new york. and breaking overnight, a twist on the impeachment. a senate trial now in limbo, put there by a surprise power play by house speaker nancy pelosi. she refused to commit to send the articles of impeachment over to the senate for trial. >> can you guarantee that the impeachment articles will be at some point be sent to the senate? can you guarantee that? >> that would be our intention. but we'll see what happens over there. >> so, you may not -- >> you're asking me, are we all going to go and play in the snow? that has not been our conversation. >> she says democrats will make a decision as a group when to send the articles to the senate. phil mattingly with the latest from capitol hill. >> reporter: chri

world war ii spurred black activism, particularly in the form of what was called the duck the double victory campaign, where black americans and their allies were fighting for two victories. victory abroad and also victory at home, victory against jim crow segregation. the tuskegee pilots were important pioneers in starting to change public attitudes about not only the accomplishments of black servicemen and women. also the inequities they faced in american society. clemenceau givings made the ultimate sacrifice. he was killed while flying his plane over the coast of italy in 1944 during his world war ii service. we have his tuskegee airmen patch, showing the crest of the tuskegee airmen, which is a black panther spitting out flames, as their motto says, spitfire. we had this poignant document, which is a western union telegram sent to his family, notifying them of his death in 1944. we have other items that belong to tuskegee airmen, including a flight helmet with goggles. also a bomber jacket. what's really charming about this jacket is you see his personalized patch, which shows b

i was in malta picking up the remains of the world war ii truth and having a ceremony so that he couldt back to his family and be buried here in the united states. that's how sick these people a are. we are going to look at all legal options over the next coming weeks and months because clearly my civil rights and civil liberties were violated. clearly john solomon's were, reporter, and another good point -- i bet there's a lot of reporters at fox that rudy giuliani spoke to that adam schiff's, at any given time, he could release that had an opportunity urgent time for somebody to write the story that some of you have fox or any other network comes out with because he's sitting on all those numbers. >> martha: a lot of people talked to a lot of people to book them and to have stories and all of that so i'm sure you are right about that. i think it's going to be the specific connections but if you can get the transcript of the call, it really makes it difficult to figure out where it would go at this point anyway, but anyway, representative nunes, thank you. good have you with us tonigh

there were part of one of the three most successful code breaking successes of world war ii. one was the breaking of the german enigma ciphers in europe, the other was the code breaking triumph in the battle of midway that led us to anticipate the japanese were bound for midway, so we could ambush the ambushers, and the third was the relentless sinking of japanese supply ships using the water transport code. that was enormously important. and when i told dot braden during our interviews how important the code breaking operation was that she was a part of, she had a hard time getting her mind around that. nobody told the women, because it was compartmentalized, need to know. they didn't even know what the ultimate result of the code breaking was going to be. they knew they had to do it as fast as they could. if they were higher up the chain, they did know the outcome, sometimes knew when ships or convoys were sunk as a result of their labors. but she had a hard time grasping her role in the war, because the water transport code was a couple of hundred schoolteachers working th

when it comes to nord stream ii and it's not about ukraine. it's much bigger issue. it's about strategic balance in europe. it is about energy security of europe. it's about the balance in central europe and western balkan and more in the broader sense is about energy security as such. so ukraine is only one part of the puzzle of nord stream ii and i appreciate the house we expect this act, the sanctions, we expect the senate to pass, to support it. the president to sign it. and most importantly, the sanctions should be, the company that is now as we speak laying pipes for nord stream ii should realize that it should cease its operations immediately. this will be the task -- not a task a part of the work that our politics in washington has to be. the russians realize the risks and they are doing their best to lay the last by this as possible before sanctions become effective. on nato, eu is not really on the agenda of my visit, but nato is. and on nato, all we are asking is a very simple ambition. we want nato to be ambitious towards ukraine. we do not only want to r

and the injustice of world war ii. in 1933 he world war ii. in 1933 he joined the newspaper association. he joined the washington post. his last cartoon appeared on august 26. we have about 14,000 of his editorial cartoons. he did give away cartoons to friends. we have the majority his editorial cartoons. he did give away cartoons to friends. we have the majority of his output. you that see how his career has evolved, his opinions have changed. it gives a sense of how they perceive different presidents and how his style evolved. the next one is about herbert hoover. it shows herbert at the rabid on camp. mr. bloch has depicted hoover leading a couple of capitalists to his camp. and they are fishing. instead of getting economic benefits in the form of cash incentives they get fresh fish to sell. it's on a very smooth board. this is typical of what would have been produced in the midwest at this point in time. the second cartoon is about fdr. mr. bloch has not yet come to a point where he is embracing the democratic party yet. what you are seein

he is the first head of unicef after world war ii. here's an example of a lot of the personnel, and i have a chart in my book, which is kind of interesting. you look at the men involved from 1914 to 1924, what they end up doing later, he wins the nobel peace prize and he dies a couple months before that is awarded. i think it's partly just the politics of the prize. hoover was a prickly fellow. [laughter] he wasn't all that diplomatic, let's put it that way. >> first of all, thank you. secondly, how is this effort affected by, and how did it affect the great influenza pandemic that was contemporaneous? dr. proctor: that's a great question. he asked about the influenza epidemic. i'm going to give you the short version of this, which is that there are still thousands of people dying from influenza. many of the workers themselves get sick. if you add the parts of europe they are in where they have had really bad problems with food and fuel and soap shortage, they also have a problem with typhus. some of the workers actually are killed fr

before i monopolize the floor ii would like to say happy birthday. [laughing] [applause] good morning. i am pleased to be the first member of a new ukraine government in washington. i came on interesting time. but i'm absolutely confident that we have to talk. we have to advance together, because whatever happens, the essential nature of our relationship with the united states is strategic. in mid august i received a message on whatsapp from now prime minister asking if i am willing to meet with him for breakfast. we met and he offered me the job, and i asked him on the one question i said, do you want me to integrate ukraine into eu or native, or you want me to imitate integration? and he said integrate. and i said, fine, excepted. that was a very short conversation. and ever since i joined the government on 29 on the 29th of august, if i'm not mistaken, i have not heard or observed or sensed any can't that we are imitating. -- any hits. i see colleagues in the government and in the parliament and the presidential office. we are moving country west.

the question is on adoption of article ii. the question is on the adoption of article ii. those in favor say aye. those opposed nay. the ayes have it. for what purpose does the gentleman from new york city -- >> madam speaker, i ask for a vote -- >> for what purpose does the gentleman from new york seek recognition? >> i ask for a roll call vote. >> a recorded vote is requested. those favoring the recorded vote will rise. members will record their votes by electronic device. -- is a five minute vote. >> the microphones have been killed again by the house. an unmistakable look to her caucus when she feared there was going to be celebration not unlike when schumer did that physically after the famous john mccain thumbs down on health care. i mean to garret's point, it's the tale of two parties. she is running her caucus with decorum. she is as said at the beginning, this was a day about history, this was a day about the history donald trump made by being the third president in our country's history to abuse his office. this is the third time congress has taken this step, and

and world war ii really crystallized many of the contradictions of american society. for black americans during that period. because on one hand, black men and women were being asked to serve their country to fight totalitarian regimes such as the nazis abroad, yet at the same time, they were being oppressed and being treated like second class citizens at home so world war ii spurred black activism particularly in the form of what was called the double victory campaign or the double v campaign. where black americans were fighting for two victories. abroad and victory at home. victory against jim crow's segregation and the tuskegee pilots were important pioneers in starting to change public attitudes about not only the accomplishments of black servicemen and women, but also about the inequities they faced in american society. clemens o givens is one of those tuskegee airmen who made the ultimate sacrifice. he was killed while flying his plane oaf the coast of italy in 1944 during his world war ii service and we have his tuskegee airman patch. showing the crest, which i

entered world war ii, our president, franklin d. roosevelt, put a call out. pres. roosevelt: we must be the great arsenal of democracy. tobi: michigan, and detroit in particular, were quick to answer the call. most factories switched over to war manufacturing, including all of the automobile factories. one of the most successful factories that was built to make products for the war was ford motor company's will overrun the -- willow run plant. this mural shows the innovation of making planes on an assembly line. the plant started construction in 1941. it was completed in 1942. by 1943, 40,000 people were working to build airplanes in this plant. by the end of the war, the factory had built just under 9000 b-24 bombers. at one point, they were rolling one off the line every 63 minutes. wartime work was very different. most of the able-bodied men who have worked in factories went off to serve in the war. at this plant, there was mass migration of people coming up from the south. detroit was so overcrowded that they had to live in tents in vacant lots. the war gave op

not on phase ii, phase ii is not going to happen any time soon. the market doesn't care about that. that's going to be, that's going to take years to ever get done. ashley: so shah, to susan's point this is already baked in the markets assumed this gets signed so we haven't had any reaction on the futures market if anything, we've dropped down a couple points down 64 points on the dow, but it does take away any concerns that that would happen as you say, phase ii, not going to happen before the 2020 election, right, so the markets can put that aside. >> this gives the markets a clean slate to look forward to earnings, look forward to consumption, looking forward to metrics of the market, and of the economy. that's it. there is no more china trade talks in the front burner for anybody any more, so it's done. this is a great thing for the market and it's also a great thing for the economy, because producers, manufactures are going to do what they need to do now and adjust as they have been their supply chains et cetera, and nothing else is going to happen for them to change. they've a