army's soft opening in world war ii. torch it was. the landing in november 1942 spread out across many hundreds of miles along the north african coast. some of the convoys were coming from britain. summer coming from the united states and had to rendezvous on the high seas. this was not easy then and frankly it is still not the easiest thing to do in the present-day environment. the troops landed and there was a west, central, and east task force. the east was british and the center was our own general freedom and all -- and the western was in morocco but not the mediterranean. it was two separate cds at once. it was commanded by general patton. the planning went well. allied forces who found themselves hurtling at top speed to the east. once again racing for their ultimate goal of tunis. if the allies get to tunis first then rommel would be in gigantic trouble and cut off cut --. the race for tunis began in november and lasted through early december. unfortunately the germans one. -- won. it was forces from the european mainland that

experience in world war ii. while we obviously focus a lot on our victory and the great stories and lasting legacies of the world war ii generation, we don't shy away from america's wartime challenges and failures. during today's and symposium, you will learn about one of the greatest setbacks and our first major encounter with the german army. you will hear about how the u.s. army rallied and how the lessons we learned at kasserine pass and from this battle transformed the u.s. army into a victorious force. we are delighted that today we have the great -- a great group of speakers and historians who would lead us through some really interesting discussions. i want to quickly welcome all four. i want to start with colonel stephen bury, the principal deputy for the war running division. we are thrilled you are here with us today. [applause] steve: i also want to welcome a military instructor and former infantry intelligence officer leo barron. [applause] and also historian and retired u.s. air force navigator dr.

war ii t. we focus on the victory and the lasting stories. we don't shy away from america's wall time challenges and failures. during today's symposium, you're going to learn about one of the greatest set backs in the first major encounter with the german army. you will hear about the u.s. army ral lied and the lessons we learned from battle transformed a u.s. army into a vick totorio force. we are delighted to have a great group lead us through discussions. i'm going to start with kernel steven barry, thank you we are thrilled you are here with us today. also i want to welcome military instructor and intelligence officer, leo. welcome. thank you. and also historian and retired u.s. air force navigator dr. christopher rine. welcome. i just learned he grew up in sly dell and has connections, welcome back. and our own doctor rob citino. [ applause ] >> thank you for sharing your research and military expertise. it's going to be a would noter full day. we have special guests but pat waters will be

i would ask any world war ii

is like nobody else's world war ii. we fought a war on our own terms and succeeded in doing so in a degree that was truly remarkable in the context of both that conflict and in the history of warfare. i remind you again of how improbable winston churchill's conclusion about the united states standing at the summit of the world was in 1945, especially when measured against the perspective of 1940, the last full peacetime year in the united states. let's go back to that reflection again. i'm going to try to tell a story here, you might even think of it as a parable, about how the united states fought on the basis of a grand strategic doctrine. i will try to illustrate by : what i have called a tale of three cities. this is the first city. i sometimes ask people to guess when i speak about this on this basis -- what are the three cities and the stories of which added together explain america strategy of world war ii? one of the more interesting responses to that i ever got was oak ridge, tennessee and new mexico. the three

liza mundy are we still using some of the intelligence we learned from world war ii today? is some of it still classified ? tee3 some of the records are still classified yes. i worked very hard as i could many these years later a great deal of this should be declassified. i certainly agree with the caller during wartime that is something you don't want to have happen but i do very seriously in my interviews i had to persuade them they would not be put in prison but they had trouble bringing themselves even under certain words like a noun and a verb they were told never even to say certain words because of the enemy heard you on the street and you said overlap or security or cryptanalysis then they would know what was going on and then in these compounds which department of homeland security is now is where the codebreakers were working for the u.s. navy. >>host: why women? >> guest: the men were unavailable at was a national emergency we availed ourselves of native american communication linguist and we did the same for women we needed educated people with math and language

and he couldn't believe the women pilots of world war ii get what he got. so they advanced their legislation of the hello girls in the wasps, they went in together on the same piece oflegislation . then arlington announced, we're just running out of space so the wasps weren't real soldiers anyhow so they won't be buried here.as recent as two years ago, i'm sorry i forget the name. i think it was in arizona congresswoman. went to congress and said one more time, the soldiers. so legislature was half in 2016 and signed by president obama. and had their status as true soldiers yet again. >> and i mean, after stuff like this, these wonderful authors have said this story does have residence today and when you read the radium girls. partly the reason the story is so haunting is because we see parallels throughout history. the story happens 100 years ago and in fact you can see parallels and what happened in the tobacco industry for example. this isn't just a story of women getting sick and then saying it was the radium . well, thank you for bringing this up for c

to -- how does mifid ii affect them in general right now?hilip chapelle and dan marcus. welcome to you both. it's great to have you on the program. dan, let me start with you. you provide brokerage services primarily in derivative markets. what has been the impact of mifid ii on your business so far? dan: we have to look at regulation and a variety of regulatory environments. in a sense mifid ii has come in place for or five years after dodd-frank, which in itself was four or five years after the g20 pittsburgh, which was reactive to the crisis. from our perspective as a platinum-plated venue, we tried to deliver better execution. what you now see from regulation is there is more transparency, surveillance, assistance, controls to make sure that we can deliver that execution and the regulators and the clients can see what the market is doing so they can size and control it. this made it more costly for you? has made business more difficult? what is going on under the hood? dan: it has made it significantly more costly to put this new layer o

four books most recently coded girls the untold story of the american women codebreakers of world war ii. national bestseller that reveals secret work of thousands of women, thousands literally were critical in ending the war. liza is a former staff writer for "the washington post". her 2012 book richard sex was one of the top nonfiction books of the by "the washington post". she writes wildlybl for publications including the atlantic, politico, new york times, slate and time and again i'm pretty sure that is not the whole list, either. she appeared on talk of the nation, on point another television and radio shows. she's a senior fellow at new america a nonpartisan think tank and lives in arlington, virginia just 1 mile from arlington hallw where some of the army code breaking women actually worked. those are our panelists today. [applause] the first question i will turn out w to you is about the fact that you all three have written books that exposed or brought to light some very important stories that most of us had not heard of before and they are all about women and women doing extr

liza mundy are we still using some of the intelligence we learned from world war ii today? is some of it still classified ? tee3 some of the records are still classified yes. i worked very hard as i could many these years later a great deal of this should be declassified. i certainly agree with the caller during wartime that is something you don't want to have happen but i do very seriously in my interviews i had to persuade them they would not be put in prison but they had trouble bringing themselves even under certain words like a noun and a verb they were told never even to say certain words because of the enemy heard you on the street and you said overlap or security or cryptanalysis then they would know what was going on and then in these compounds which department of homeland security is now is where the codebreakers were working for the u.s. navy. >>host: why women? >> guest: the men were unavailable at was a national emergency we availed ourselves of native american communication linguist and we did the same for women we needed educated people with math and language

liza t has written the untold story of the american women codebreakers of world war ii now joins us on the outdoor set to take your calls. did you stumble j on it? >> guest: the national security agency is our descendent of wartime code breaking. we know the story was largely female and there were internal histories about this, one of them had been declassified and introduced me to the larger story that was a matter of tracking down women into getting records declassified. >> host: hitit in the figures come of the rocket girls came out around thehe same time. how is it these books came out around the same time? >> guest: i think they are the hidden figures of the generation and the stories have been unfold up until now. for preparing people to believe that this really happened that these women had been laboring in the rooms in american history, they had been dark but the switches are being slipped into the lights are going on and we realize these women have been here doing important work all along. >> host: utep first-person accounts with these. >> guest: they would have been n put in

net, a world war ii medal of honor recipient.00 advisers like net were serving in south vietnam. how much combat were they seeing at that point? >> i would say three, four months a year. >> and they're up against what? vietcong or nva? >> both. i felt that they were well prepared because they had our equipment, and they were being trained by us. and they getting a taste of combat. >> the vietcong were south vietnamese communist guerrillas, and they were both formidable enemies. >> when you're going out on a patrol, you're predominantly in the hands and safety of the indigenous troops that you have trained. did you have any anxieties about how reliable these guys are? >> none at all. because we train them. and we were paying them very good money. i wasn't going to watch them and watch the nva too, no. >> but for diem, it wasn't the only problem. >> his brother is the head of the secret police and brutally repressed any opposition to the diem government. this was particularly in connection with the buddhist monks. buddhist monks be

i heard that lansdale destroyed the hook people in the philippines who were allies during world war ii i didn't know how to feel about lansdale. how do you feel about that? >> guest: i would. the hook movement was a communist movement and it was true during world war ii they fought against the japanese occupation is a lot of filipinos did but after the war the hook movement tried to overthrow the american democratic army in manila and he was sent into mastermind the hook rebellion working with the defense minister and later president of the philippines and what he tried to do was to tell the army to be less heavy handed and use less firepower to gain the trust of the people and wants the people got the trust of the army been they would tell them who were "the hoax" and the guerrillas in our midst and that was the strategy that proved to be great. it's also a humane strategy became one of america's cold war weapons without risking a certain single american in combat. this was the lansdale legend and the reason he went back to saigon in 1954. >> host: the next golfer max boot comes from

the brand-new mission for world war ii veteran houses 99-year-old and his son inspiring americans instates. they join us live to tell us about your incredible journey. whoooo. when it comes to travel, i sweat the details. late checkout... ...down-alternative pillows... ...and of course, price. tripadvisor helps you book a... ...hotel without breaking a sweat. because we now instantly... ...search over 200 booking sites ...to find you the lowest price... ...on the hotel you want. don't sweat your booking. tripadvisor. the latest reviews. the lowest prices. heather: an american hero touring the american heartland, sidney walton just began his cross-country tour heading to every state to give americans the opportunity to meet a world war ii veteran. he hopes to meet with donald trump and here to share the story is sidney walton and his son paul, thank you for joining us. appreciate it this morning. >> san diego, can you believe it? like you are closing the bar at 2:00. look at you, 99-year-old. heather: that is an incredible. you have begun your journey. tell us how far into it you are.

. - [narrator] since world war ii, its defense budget has grown larger than that of the next 10 nations combined. that makes the pentagon, the agency american leaders turn to when they want to get something done overseas. preserving us power on the world stage will require a blend of hard and soft power, to better face the challenges of the 21st century. crossroads, america's defense strategy. next, on great decisions. (exciting music) - [announcer] great decisions is produced by the foreign policy association, in association with thomson reuters. funding for great decisions is provided by pricewaterhousecoopers, llp. (upbeat music) - [narrator] there was a time when the us was a reluctant world power. foreign policy was run by the state department and the us treasury, and largely focused on advancing american commercial interests overseas. - we had american statecraft that largely relied on diplomacy and economic policy. we had secretaries of state that everybody knew their names, we had secretaries of war that nobody had ever heard of. the second world war changed all that. it really

once the impact of mifid ii on your business so far?an: we have to look at regulation and a variety of regulatory environments. mifid ii has come in place for or five years after dodd-frank, which in itself was four or five years after the g20 pittsburgh, which was reactive to the crisis. from our perspective as a platinum-plated venue, we tried to deliver better execution. what you now see from regulation is there is more transparency, surveillance, controls to make sure that we can deliver that execution and the regulators on the clients can see what the market is doing so they can size and control it. nejra: does this make it more costly for you? what is going on under the hood? dan: it has made it significantly more costly to put this new layer of compliance surveillance in place. in some sense that's good it. it attaches a certain level of quality that the venues attracted to them. in other ways, it does limit competition by putting barriers in place for entry and continuation. it's that balance that they have to get right, particu

i was 16 years old during world war ii. we lived in lincoln, nebraska. i met a young man who had been trained to be a nose gunner on a b 24 and he was sent to italy and hero back to us from italy and said the tuskegee airmen saved us many times. you can imagine what this man saw sitting in the nose of the plane and the flak that they had to fly through and some of the planes going down. and he said he could thank those tuskegee airmen for escorting them and he came home and i just want to thank you and verify what you said that we really do thank you for what you did. better yet, i talked to james sheppard who was also a crew sheaf -- chief in italy. did you know him? >> yes. >> he lives in maine and one of the veterans homes. i know a woman that is gone to some of the tuskegee airmen reunions in florida with him. she lives here in kansas city too. thank you very much. [ clapping ] >> we had a pilot by the name of colonel mcgee. pardon me for butting in but he was a pilot and he was called ready to go. he was ready to go mcgee. you could call him anytime

when we think about world war ii and when world war ii shows up in popular culture, it's often d day. this sort of brave heroic moment when the allies, the americans, the western allies in particular, when we talk about it, we tend to talk about it in terms of the americans, storm the beaches of norm andy and liberate france from the germans. but there is another invasion during world war ii. when americans stormed the beaches of french territory to liberate a populus. that is operation torch which takes place on november 1942. but we don't talk about torch in the same way that we talk about d day. in fact, the 75th anniversary of torch just passed with a peep, seriously, there wasn't very much talk about it. in a few places you might have seen an article or two. but i can guarantee you when d day 75th anniversary comes in 2019 it will be a juliggernaut. so why don't we talk about it in the same terms? why is this operation not part of sort of the heroic myth making that has come to embrace world war ii? i'd like to talk about that today. and i'd like to talk about how the americans e

world war ii, there are three books about world war ii, the rising tide, the wave, no less than victoryand the final storm, which came out in 2011. that's about the pacific. a blaze of glory came out and a chain of thunder about the civil war concentrating on vicksburg, chattanooga and william tecumseh sherman the civil war again and the most recent came out last year which is about korea. what is it aboutbo the civil war and jeff shaara and your father? >> guest: you just answered it. in 197 1974 wow, back up ten ye, we went to gettysburg and we were -- tallahassee florida my father was teaching and had been a writer all of his life, sci-fi,is short stories, no interest in history at all. i was 12-years-old and we went as tourists and there was me climbing on canyons. something happened to my father. first, he was a storyteller and he knew a good story when he saw one and he started doing some research and became obsessed with telling that story. it took seven years to put the manuscriptpt together into the reason for that is he had to teach to make a living. he could never make a livi

once the mud has been slung, it sticks. >> pope julius ii continues to slander the and declaring theoff. >> so contaminated by the evil presence that nobody should go there. they stayed sealed until the 19th century. now they're a tourist attraction. >> today over 5 million people tour the restored borgia apartments every year making them one of the most visited attractions in vatican city. and despite pope julius ii's avid condemnation of the corrupt borgia papacy, his lifestyle is even more extravagant. >> he actually was the great patron of michelangelo. he rebuilt the whole of st. peter's. he commissioned michaelangelo t do the dome. >> in 1508 pope julius ii commissioned the most famous work in the modern vatican, the ceiling of the sistine chapel. >> della rovere was driven by personal ambition, grandiosity. he wanted michelangelo to get finished with the sistine chapel so he could get to work on his, julius', tomb, which was never finished. >> despite his motivations, art flourishes under the della rovere pope and the papacy becomes more stronger and powerful than ever. >> he'

you get to world war i, world war ii, your people like george marshall here in world war ii and have eisenhower in europe. you have that break and of course to medication is a lot better. you get to the 20th century, washington can play a greater role in what's going on then he could have in the 19th century. >> another theme, behind military success or failures. >>. [laughter] failure, is interesting. there are different reasons for failures. competence, ego, narcissism, all of these terrible character traits. it is not just confined to the military, that is everywhere in culture. but when loyou're looking at so of the characters, i will go back to the civil war. when you have people like grant and sherman and their confederates certainly, robert e lee would be among those. they have these -- sheridan, men whose ego and personality gets in the way of them doing their job and it creates bad things. unfortunately a war when there are better things, often men die. that is reality. it is not a pleasant part of the story but it is a story. >> after while writing about death and war -- >>

in the run-up to world war ii and when world war ii begins the for the united states is in the war, -- before. a big problem faces the united states which is how do we aid great britain and not germany and not commit an act of war? because remember, too up one belligerent over another was illegal, and that would be creating, that would be committing an act of war. many isolationists in the united states did not want america drawn into the war. it was then in the beginning of 1941, six months before pearl harbor, at the united states adopted the position that the pact of paris and that kellogg-briand pact change the strict duties of neutrality. meaning that now because states don't have the right of war, neutral states are not anything with the rights by siding with their opponents over them. because they are not trampling on the right of or because they don't have the right of four. no one has the right or of war anymore except in cases of self-defense. now, this is incredible, i think, because first of all it's the beginning of this practice of economic sanctions that we just take fo

honor flights pays for the flights of world war ii veterans to tour the world war ii memorial which,if any of you have ever done, do it. as far as speaking, i will speak to any veterans group. characters to veterans in the room or thousand veterans in the room. peter never turned down an invitation to one of o those wgroups, i've never gone to d.c. to do it, certainly, if anybody wants to invite me, i will come to it because i feel that's part of my pay back to them. it's the least i can do for their service. >> any other questions. >> yes, ma'am. >> i can't answer that question and to get a. >> from. [laughter] >> what's your next book. >> now i am able to answer the question. i have no idea what my next book is. i did two that came out in the fall of 16, it took a little time off and frankly i'm kind of struggling. that is not an invitation for any ofa. you to give me an idea. i was joking with bo and chris who have been such gracious host. they asked me what is one m of the most common things. everyone either wants to know what my next book is or they've got a great story to tell

then world war ii, there are fourbooks about world war ii. the rising tide . no less than victory and the final storm which came out in 2011 . but blaze of glory came out in 2012, that's about the civil war by jeff shaara, chain of thunder about the civil war concentrating on vicksburg. the smoke is gone in 2014, chattanooga and tecumseh, william tecumseh sherman. the civil war again and the further hours, his most recent came out last year which is about korea. what is it about the civil war and jeff shaara and your father? >> guest: you answer the question. it's about my father michael shaara. what he did, in 1974, first of all, backup 10years. we went to gettysburg and we were tourists . >> host: you were raised in tallahassee. >> guest: my father was teaching at florida state and my father had been a writer all his young life, sci-fi, short stories and interesting history, not an interesting history at all. we went to gettysburg at 12 years old and i'm dating myself, there was old eight millimeter film of me climbing on cannons because that's what 12-year-

in the run-up to world war ii and when world war ii begins, a big problem facing the united states is how do we aid great britain and not germany and not commit an act of war. remember, to help one belligerent over another was illegal and that would be committing an act of war, and many isolationists in the united states did not want america drawn into the war. it was then, in the beginning of 1941, six months before pearl harbor, that the united states adopted the position that the packed oft paris changed district duties of neutrality, meaning now, because they still n have the right war, neutral states aren't interfering with the rights by siding with their opponents over them because they're not trampling on the right of war as they don't have the right of war. no one has the right of war anymore except in cases of self-defense. this is incredible, i think because first of all, it's the beginning of this practice of economic sanctions thatof would just take for granted and it happens now because of the caloric packed, but it also happened six months before pearl harbor. the reason

and after world war ii, he retired. even after he died, it was quite a few years later, my wife actually was a ranger at the eisenhower farm. i've taken the tour. ... fifteen books in total. his web site is jeffshaara.com, and he has been our guest on this special fiction edition of "in depth." next month it's novelist walter mosley.

war ii tonight, you can see the world war ii battalion interviews. this is about 40 minutes. -- and so, patton were in a strange way his great uncles. ladies and gentlemen, the author of battalion commanders at war, colonel steven barry. >>> good morning, everybody. i am excited to be here and since i currently workt ta pentagon, i could not produce any more slides for you today, so i decided to let the words carry the day and give myself a break from e-ring, because that is often what i do. so i wanted to talk to you today obviously a little bit about my book, but also tie it back to kasseri kasserine, and i appreciate what rob did to setting the stage for the u.s. army at kasserine. lo looking at the landscape in world war ii, the battlet a kasserine is the focus of the column, and i will focus on that in this talk. they are dwarfed in scope compared to operation barbaro is a, the invasion of soviet union or normandy. so it is not a surprise to anyone in the room, but so why bother looking given the size of it. and where it took place and in how ea

his arch rival becomes pope julius the ii. >> he was not chosen by a college of cardinals. him a holy man suited to be the leader of the universal church. he took the office which he had hungered for by the force of his ability to intimidate. and almost immediately became an ego-maniac. >> pope julius ii driven by spite and vengeance makes it his personal mission to destroy everything his nemesis built. starting with his son. >> alexander did go over board with nepotism. especially with respect to his son. >> he was basically been given the key to the kingdom and control of the army. >> julius has him throw in prison. stripped of his title. and eventually killed. >> he devoted himself to blackening the reputation of the whole family. >> theums starts. that the -- sleeping with her father. and probably sleeping with her brother. there is no inside the history. of incest. it doesn't mean it didn't happen. but it's like tabloid. once the mud has been slammed, it sticks. >> pope julius the second continues to slander the name. and proclaims the behavior so gis gusting that the

and despite pope julius ii's avid condemnation of the corrupt borgia papacy, his lifestyle is papacy,ant. >> he built the whole of st. peter's and commissioned to do the rome. >> the court of appealing of the sistine chapel. >> rovere was driven by personal ambition, grandiosity. he wanted michelangelo to get finished with the sistine chapel so he could get to work on his, julius' tomb which was never finished. >> despite his motivations, art flourishes under the della rovere pope and the papacy becomes more powerful and stronger than ever. >> he is a warrior pope who goes into battle leading his own soldiers wearing silver armour. that is to aggrandize himself to some extent, but it is also a part of a papacy that has to be underpinned by power. >> pope julius ii continues flaunting the power of the papacy until his death in 1513. by then another powerful italian family has been patiently plotting to take over the papal throne, and the young banking heir will take renaissance opulence to levels of excess from which the church may never recover. it's the volkswagen "smile, it's spring

pope urban ii called for violen in the me of one world unr one catholic church.cis is still working to heal the wounds his predecessor inflicted almost 1,000 years earlier. >> religion produces such varied emotions. there's tragedy, there are crimes. it's a story of 2,000 years of such things. and the popes have been part of that story right from the start. >> in 1187, after only 88 years under christian rule, salladi's muslim army defeats the crew y crusader's. >> some of his people suggest they should destroy the holy sepulchre. it is christ's tomb. and he says, no, let's let it survive. saladin is a man very much aware of the power of mercy. >> his rule was very different from that of the crusaders. >> he was motivated by the belief that christians, muslims and jews can live together peacefully. >> he entrusts the key of the church to the holy sepulchre to a muslim family. even today it's a muslim's responsibility to let christian worshipers in and out of the holiest church in christendom. pope urban iii is forced to surrender the notion that christianity must

she was this -- phil pee that war widow whose husband died during world war ii who was a journalist and then worked for u.s. agenda and ed first met her when he wect out to the philippines as an army intelligence officer and she was a great interest of him because she was is from the same part of luzon so the tour guide, and to go out on very dangerous into the back country and on adventure a friendship developed and then a romance and she was the great love of the life. something that was not generally known before i began my book research in the course of my research i actually managed to it track down pat kelly's granddaughter who lived in northern virginia. she invited me to her house and she said would you be interested in these letters. i have in my basement and i said boy would i -- this was biographical gold years and years of the private interpret letters between pat kelly that no outsider had ever seen before and lucky enough to get the cooperation of ed's boys one of whom mentioned ted and other one pete who shared with me letterses that he wrote to their mother helen simulta

the leader mentioned it, the world war ii memorial. this started in 1987, an exchange you had with a veteran at a fish fry back in jerusalem township in your district. i mean -- it took, what, six years to get a bill into law. then another 11 years to get the memorial built. that certainly is what it looks like when you're keeping on. now, marcy and i served together on the budget committee. what serving together in the budget committee means between of the two of us is we pretty much disagreed on everything that we talked about in the budget committee. but i've always had great respect for how you engage in the battle of ideas and how you stay true to your principles and you do it in such an underlowest -- an uplifting way. passion is not hard to find in our politics today. there's no two ways about that. but passion sustained over a long time, over the long haul, without fail, takes an enormous amount of commitment. no matter which side of the aisle we are on, we can all take something from your example. you have been a tirlse advoca

we've heard at length her work helped the world war ii -- her work behind the world war ii memorial. and supporting working families so they have a fair shot in this economy. but it is possible, very much possible, and i would say very much probable, that her greatest accomplishment has not yet been realized. i'm confident that this chamber will someday be filled with women. someday soon. who were inspired to run for congress by the longest serving woman in history. marcy, you have taught me how to -- you've taught me the value, the way to fight for the little guy. and i remember this one moment when i was on a sunday evening, catching a few hours of a television show. i have very little time to watch tv but i had a moment to watch the john olver show. and -- oliver show. and i don't even think you knew you were the subject of that evening's broadcast. and i'll just briefly say what it was. it was about john oliver, totally disgusted by the way in which powellry farmers, little powellry -- poultry farmers, little poultry farmers, had been put at a disadvantage, by the way we had rigg

because a little known wonky, historic fact is if we don't have title ii framework to go by which is what we use as a basis for our 2015 rules, then there are going to be issues when it comes to the high cost fund or the connect america fund, its implementationment -- implementation. that is $4.56 billion going into the economy particularly in rural areas annually. and if we are on unsound is legal footing as it relates to that, then there are going to be a number of houses of cards that are going, that will start to tumble. if someone that is savvy, innovative says i don't think the fcc has authority to do that and if by chance they win in court -- which i think they will have strong legal backing without title ii around our waist -- then our whole universal service, at least 50% of it, would be at risk. and that is a really, you know, unsettling bar that we're faced with. >> so given the importance, you know, as you say of title ii to sort of the way that the fcc and the way that, you know, the country in general approaches broadband and the spread of broadband, could you support a

it's the untold history of americans and russians in the titanic struggle of world war ii. berlin, may, 1945. the german capital in ruins. soviet red army soldiers celebrated at the feet of nazi, germany. together allied generals, eisenhower, montgomery and the soviets zukoff toured the vanquished third reich. >> the nazis began the bombing. the allies finished it. >> victory wasn't always certain. five years earlier, hitler was at the height of his power. after the success of its blitzkrieg against poland in 1939, hitler turned against france, holland and belgium. he ruled the european continent. >> what they have done is they have integrated that air power. that luftwafa into a team. the team that characterizes blitzkrieg. >> the author of numerous books on the front in world war ii. hitler tried to bring britain to its knees but prime minister winston churchill stood tough. >> we shall fight in the fields and streets. we shall never surrender. >> 1500 miles away stallen waited for hitler to invade the country. describe for us the relationship that the soviets had with th

urban ii is in part sponing to the appeal from alexis.leader of the church he is loong to improve the spiritual well being of the people. but he is also a politician. >> seeing an opportunity to unite eastern and western christians and solidify his place as their leader, pope urban ii calls an emergency gathering of clergy, knights and towns people. >> it was probably the most famds speech during the middle ages. urban told about the polite of christians in east who had lands conquered, horrible mutilatations of nuns and clergy and pilgrims because of their faith. and what urban did was very clever. rather than just ask them to go and fight for the east. he also asked them to go all the way to jerusalem to restore the lands that had been taken by muslims. >> the response is amazing. people shout god wills it. this is the moment the crusading begins across western europe. >> pope urban was an example of a new kind of pope. austere, powerful personality. the papacy as a self-consciously rallying, purifying, inspiring force, calling on peopl

at the end of world war ii germany was divided into the zones of occupation. as an american, french and british zone and berlin itself was also divided into two sectors along the same lines so the purpose of these deliberations was to find a way to achieve a peace treaty with germany to unify the country and the occupation. there was one that was the issue of reparations. the soviet leader was demanding $10 billion of reparations from westernli germany so $100 billin in today's money. the united states was spending enormous sons but the united states said that it was impossible to sleep with the financing those reparations because they are not even close to self-sustaining. but there was a much deeper fundamental conflict between the united states and sovie the sovt union when it came to germany andma that is neither the united states or soviet union could count against an ally of the other. it was threatening to both parties fundamental national interest. in mid april after meeting with stalin, george marshall flies home and thinks a famous radio address in w

fa’m'k' well. ii; i " ' ff tea?} fad not patient confidentiality, andflgt to patient confidentiality, andflat to go into any further detail able to go into any further detail regarding nick's condition or his treatment. we still have two patients here at the hospital and there condition remained critical, at stable. our staff will continue to work around the clock to provide them with the very best care and we will continue to keep you updated regarding their progress. wiltshire police chief constable kier pritchard also read a statement on behalf of detective sergeant nick bailey, explaining his experience. people ask how i'm feeling. there are really no words to explain howl feel right now. surreal is the word that keeps popping up, and it really has been completely surreal. i have been so very overwhelmed by the support, cards and messages i have received. everyone has been so incredible. some days, we've had about 300 messages from officers, the wider police family and the public. the level of support has been unb

he was a world war ii veteran. he was an artillery men in world war ii. he participated in the bataan death march. , mcdonald wastaff his last name. i do not remember his first name. experience -- how was that experience? >> the antithesis to my combat experience. it was in late 69. it was in november of 1969. my first duty was to put together and be one of the escort for the bob hope show. anyway, i had to get over the shock of what i saw when i landed in cap eagle. eagle. eagle -- camp it was like being at a stateside post. the only difference was the number of sandbags they had on the sheds. the division command post was cemented with sandbags. like -- where i worked, -- first of all, the commander came over to me and said, we have you taken care of. >i said what do you mean? said we have to get you some clean boots, and yet the up and you shined and starched -- have to get them spit shined and starched. it was completely opposite. i could not believe after spending eight months in line -- the first time i went to the divisions mess. the division had a

this cartoon from may of 1940 was published during the years leading up to world war ii. at that time, isolationists were calling for the u.s. government to build fortress america, which was a defensive shield that would protect america from foreign military. internationalists saw this as a reversal of policy during world war i, when american troops had fought to the aid of france and other nations. here, berryman is mocking the isolationist by showing uncle sam sitting at home, sealed off in a heavily defended united states. this was published on the eve of germany's invasion of france and three days earlier, germany had gained access to the english channel, leaving french and english troops trapped on the beaches of dunkirk. berryman portrays american isolationism as a betrayal of france. he is suggesting the united states should go to the rescue of france. this cartoon is from october of 1940 and it is after the selective training and service act had been passed, for the first time instituting a peacetime draft. you can see the roman god of war selecting a capsule out

it starts in 1940 during world war ii, a small group of very smart professionals at treasury under the direction of then secretary henry morgan powell recognize they could use economic authority trading with the enemy at to prevent the nazis from seizing u.s. held assets in countries that the nazis were invading. so they set up the administrative agency called the office of foreign fund control following the issuance of the executive order that prohibited financial transactions related to countries that germany occupied. the treasury department then required financial institutions to freeze the assets to be sure that the fund did not fall into not the hands. they could seize and freeze billions of dollars in a number of dramatic ways. this was the predecessor agency to what we now know as foreign assets control. but the treasury department stop there. in 1943, after learning that jewish children were in hiding in not the occupied europe, that same group of professionals resolved to find a way use their authorities to help save those jewish children. they were asked by the world jewish

and kennedy says to him, berlin is part of our western commitment out of world war ii.ere. >> after two days, the talks end. >> kennedy did not do well. he allowed himself to be caught in an ideological argument with khrushchev. he'd been warned against it. he did it anyways. and khrushchev bullied him and pushed him around. >> khrushchev has made the first move in the chess game. and the president knows it. as he leaves, he says, it's going to be a cold winter. >> kennedy thought there might be a basis for dealing with the soviets. instead, he gets the berlin crisis. >> in july, 1,000 east germans escaped into west berlin every day. now in august, they're coming out at the rate of 2,500 a day. as a result of khrushchev's threats and demands. east germany is being bled of its best-trained people. >> i went to berlin to cover the bureau, and the nbc news desk in new york called in the middle of the night and said, what's this about closing off the border at the brandenburg gate? >> at 2:00 a.m., the communist regime issued a new case. no east german could go to west berl

temperature wise, nine to ii celsius. things turn more u nsettled nine to ii celsius.he time we reached the new weekend. this is bbc news. i‘m martine croxall. the headlines at eight. the bbc understands traces of the nerve agent — used to poison sergei and yulia scripal — were found on and around the restaurant table where they ate. england‘s chief medical officer says up to 500 diners and pub—goers have been told to wash their clothes and possessions. some say the advice should have come earlier. we haven‘t taken that precaution yet. a little outraged, to be honest, that we only find out now. the chancellor says there‘s cause for economic optimism — ahead of his spring statement on tuesday. there is light at the end of the tunnel. what we are about to see is debt starting to fall after it‘s been but we are still in the tunnel at the moment. rail disruption at manchester piccadilly station after pro—kurdish demonstrators take to the tracks and suspend services for several hours.

half the people in the world right today were born after world war ii.nd i, who fought in that war, and who was part of that generation, need to know what these people are thinking. we live in a world that is looking to the future rather than the past, so this young, vigorous, intelligent and exciting staff of mine keeps me involved in the problems of the future, and also keeps me from turning too much to the past. >> on february 5, richard nixon nixon would return to newress hampshire. before he did, he would initiate his campaign. the primary midstate was only three weeks after the new hampshire primary. the political campaign had begun. out --you begin starting heady feel starting out on another campaign? >> they are always exciting. the one that was in new hampshire could not have been more so. i think the local people were surprised at the enthusiasm and the size of the crowd. >> these are very exhausting experiences. clowns incouple of the back of your mind -- do you have a couple of qualms in the back of your mind? >> my heart is in it. i am a wil

ii at the marriott i 4:30. >> it's going to be marijuana. [laughter] [applause] >> this is why we lost world war ii. it is not marijuana, i will take you that much, but it is pretty good. >> maybe me after the show, in the back. thehere with dave rubin of rubin report. dave has emerged over the past couple of years as one of the great defenders of free speech, and even more importantly, open, honest civil discourse, which is a twin with free speech. dave, i will ask you a couple of questions and, if you would like to ask a question, tweet to me all one word,pie, it is up there now, and i will feed your questions to dave, assuming he is not high as a kite by then. he was smoking like a chimney in the back. why i have such a nice demeanor. can be so why you civil, you have no idea where you are what you are talking about. dave: it is in the cap. -- it is indica. let's talk about freedom. net: you started out as a standup -- ick: you started out with the young turks and political commentary and you had a break with them over various things. peo

temperatures getting up to ten or ii degrees.etting up to ten or ii degrees. near normal for this time of year. that band of cloud will retreat more to the south—east overnight, as the clocks change, we get clearer skies, coming down from the north—west, still a few showers around the coast, otherwise, cold airwill around the coast, otherwise, cold air will spread south, and we run the risk of some frost in general areas once again. better day for england and wales on sunday, cloud in the south—east moving away, sunny skies for a while before we bottle up skies for a while before we bottle upa bit skies for a while before we bottle up a bit with sunny spells, long and dry weather as well, fewer showers in the north—west. wind will be lighter, some sunshine, temperatures a shade higher. now, as we head into next week, considerable uncertainty, on monday, we will see some weather systems bringing rain in from the atlantic, the trouble is, block cold airagain moving atlantic, the trouble is, block cold air again moving across scandi