one of the things we have seen, the bomb ilo report says it is a $31 billion profit -- the ilo report says is about a $31 billion profit. >> 20? >> to the traffickers in the last year. $50 billion of direct impact. and number of companies looking at the supply chains whether it is in agriculture or wall materials to figure out what needs to be done. we are trying to have public- private partnerships to work on this. >> is at 173 or 175 countries? >> 175 linked places. some places are not countries. >> [unintelligible] what happened last year in africa? >> one of the things that we see in west africa is -- these are countries that have historical slavery problems. they are trying to confront this over the last 20 years to reman debate families and people who have been part of a slave system for up to 500 years. those efforts seem to have stalled. they are part of the anti trafficking movement. one of the things that is interesting is that somali has confronted this a bit better than its neighbors. at the end of the day, we are dealing with countries where there is not only modern traff

according to the ilo, that have been able to lead it to buy $50 billion of direct impact. -- they have been able to identify $50 billion of direct impact. they tried a figure of what needs to be done for the supply chain. we not only applaud those efforts, we will have public- private partnerships. >> is it 173 or 175 countries? >> there are few entities that are ranked like the netherlands. there is 175 right places. -- ranked places. >> of the country's demoted to tier 3, 6 were in africa. what happened last year in africa to give this result? >> one of the things we see in west africa, a number of them -- these are countries that have a historical slavery problem that undertook commitments to confront and emancipate families and people who have been part of a slave caste. those efforts seem to have stalled those efforts -- seem to have stalled. those efforts are part of the anti trafficking movement. one country on the watch list has confronted this better than its neighbors. at the end of the day, what we're dealing with is countries where there is not only in modern trafficking pr

report the cost of coercion about six weeks -- excuse me, about a month ago and in that report, the ilo estimated 12.3 million people being held in bondage worldwide of whom they estimated about 1.5 million are for sexual slavery, sexual servitude which is perhaps a little bit counterintuitive to what people have seen the modern slavery or the human trafficking problem as historically. certainly press accounts, what you see in movies, what you see in mass culture tends to define this as a problem of people being moved for prostitution, people perhaps being kidnapped into prostitution. whether what we see, what the unodc has reported on in their trafficking report earlier this year and what the ilo is reporting on is people are being enslaved, whether it is prostitution, labor, agriculture, factories, fields, domestic service they are often entering into the relationship voluntarily and then becoming enslaved within that. and so, of course, the notion of obtaining -- while that is certainly one of the ways in which trafficking manifests itself, we often see maintaining the victims as jus

she got the united states de'jon that ilo in 1934. yanna the topic was radioactive, the league of nations and the united states. fdr, when he had been the young assistant secretary of the navy had actually helped to arrange the first, one of the early i l omeetings in 1919 here in washington so frances perkins attended that meeting in 1919. international labor organization brings labor officials, government officials and business officials together to talk about labor and economic issues so frances perkins is very aware. she is part of that discussion. she is a major labor official all of this year's end the english at that point are leading the way with unemployment compensation. she actually goes to england in the 1920's to learn how the english do their unemployment compensation system. she sees workers climbing on rickety letters and using shoeboxes and she said the-- that is not going to work in america. >> thank you. [applause] >> kirstin downey is the contributor and former staff writer for "the washington post." where she focu

that is hard to score with the i ilo numbers were there were eleven million more people being held in bondage in what we would consider valid forms of labor. there were a few very positive countries that i would like to single out as we talk about this. those of you who saw the theater in the ben franklin room, when the secretary and i unveil the report, heard me talk about nigeria. i can't talk about nigeria enough. this is the country who within 5 years have gone from watch list, on the cost of tier 3, because of political will, because of some talented detectives, willingness to work with ngos, has seen an upward trend in prosecution and how they treat victims. as a result, a welcome addition to the list of speewun countries. one of the things we find very important that i can't stress enough is the fight against human trafficking is something that was established in the clinton administration, through the passage of the trafficking victims protection act, which is something they worked very hard on, it was a bipartisan lot, bipartisan affect. it was something the bush administrati

demand in the house are for countries to really, small countries at any rate, to accept an office of the ilowhich will dictate to them their changes or revisions, particularly in their labor laws and the same thing would be true with environmental, environmental laws in terms of multinational treaties. i mention this because this has already come up in terms of india. and that is the indian government reacted very negatively to a much looser set of goals that the europeans put forward in terms of the european indian negotiations of the european indian fta. and i think that will be true of other countries. the europeans just wanted kind of general statements of social justice. the united states, because of the anti-ngos and the environmental movement, that we want things that are much more, or we are demanding things that are much more specific. . . >> so we have on beside and actually growing much larger a vision of east asian which is summoned by the east asian summit and plus 3. both india and the united states are, in a sense, outsiders. we are a part of apec, the indian government is a p