has not always been required for the right to vote in the united states, and for 150 year period, imcould vote in 22 states and territories -- allowed immigrants to vote and hold political offices. in the first three decades of the 20th century until the anti-immigrant backlash following world war 1. cities and towns in illinois and new york have allowed immigrants to vote. before mayor michael bloomberg dissolved the citizens council. whereas the supreme court has repeatedly said that citizenship is not a requirement to vote and the california constitution protects the rights to vote but does not exclude immigrants from voting. and authorizes charter cities such as san francisco to elect school board meetings. it is essential that we expand parental involvement in our schools since participation is a key element in improving schools. whereas immigrants who want to become citizens face challenges, waiting an average of 10 years to go through the process to become citizens, whereas the waiting time for many non-citizen parents lack the duration of children in schools. household in the u.s.