we are speaking about building a system which we call mass incarceration. we have many of people who don't need to be locked up and that is to provide public safety. that's one of the reasons i see bail as so critical. it's not a sexy topic. it's one of the reasons it's languaged for decades. it's really the beginning that leads to incarceration and i would suggest to you that what happens beginning with the failure of the bail reform effort of 60s to achieve a constitutional right to bail. i would like to come back to that because if the constitutional rights can find to incarcerate, they can talk about bail. i think what is so dangerous about that moment and it came to a surface in the bail reform act of 1984, the federal law, the birth of preventative detention which one thought was clearly unconstitutional and then became a public good that changed the whole view of a system. now we live in a justice preemptive justice, but they will commit other crimes in the future. i would say if we all now agree or at least many of us agree with justice kennedy that

since it costs about $50,000 a year to incarcerate somebody.when i look at the collaborative court models. when we look at the pretrial supervisory models we are talking about here. they are really a fraction of the cost. and i don't think we have that on system down as fluidly we would like, i think many of these are eligible for that program. and that requires pretrial to staff and have expanded population. >> george, we will give you the last word, we are pretty much at our time. >> we are underway, the reality that several o

in his incarceration. that way, his thought process starts to, you know, change, and being able to engage that particular person, it's just not just about peer support. those correctional officers also have to be a part of that peer, you know, culture because they're spending forty hours plus, you know, working with individuals. having that forensic cps in a person's life is monumental because, you know, it's trust building. and also, as tom had mentioned, that lived experience of incarceration, you know, person knowing that, "ok, i've been behind these walls, and here i am outside these walls now, and i'm working. this is the kind of blueprint that i utilized, you know, for my recovery process also." not to say that everybody's blueprint is gonna work, but you know, it's one of the things that's educating people and giving them a time, you know, for them to reflect on how they want to reenter back into society. and, michael, were you in that system before, and now you're out, and you're working with that

institute of policies has called the bail system a failed policy that leads to excessive incarceration and mostly of pretrial detainees who cannot afford to buy their freedom. time and time again commercial bail has proven itself to most effective with those released on assurity bonds with 60 percent less likely to become fugitives. let me introduce the panel, der a dwight is with the association, she owns carson bail bonds and in the industry for 4 decades and former mistake mayor of carson california and helen for the juvenile and criminal justice system and currently on the and ralph on the commission of san francisco and works closely with the sheriff's department which now leads the program for violent offenders. >> san francisco, he has over 3 decades of experience in law enforcement including his former role as chief of police in san francisco. he's been a critic of current models in the criminal justice system that rely too heavily on incarceration. will looeng is the c e eo of diversion project from ranging from final alternatives to rehabilitative programs to more comprehensi

we are speaking about building a system which we call mass incarceration. we have many of people who don't need to be locked up and that is to provide public safety. that's one of the reasons i see bail as so critical. it's not a sexy topic. it's one of the reasons it's languaged for decades. it's really the beginning that leads to incarceration and i would suggest to you that what happens beginning with the failure of the bail reform effort of 60s to achieve a constitutional right to bail. i would like

justice statistics, 1,598,780 adults were incarcerated in u.s. federal and state prisons and county jails at the end of 2011, a decrease of over 2010. the prison rate has declined since 2007 when there were 506 persons in prison per 100,000 u.s. residents. the rate in 2011 was comparable to the rate last observed in 2005, which was 492 persons for 100,000 population. given that population and a recent calculated average per inmate cost of incarceration at $31,286, we could estimate the total cost of incarceration nationwide in 2011 as $50.2 billion. surely a large sum, but is it disproportionate in relative terms? in order to understand that we have to bring into the calculation, what did we get in return for that $50.2 billion? as some have testified previously and noted, and some of the members of the committee have noted, according to the fbi's uniform crime report, between 1960 and 1992, the number of violent crimes in the united states increased nearly sevenfold from a 288,000 to more than 1.9 million. the violent crime rate increased nearly

when you incarcerate people for the purpose of generating corporate profit we have a built in incentive to incarcerate as many people as you can for as long as possible variety and ethics aside business is booming for america's prison corporations as the number of inmates hits new highs. and covering their tracks the british conservative party's accused of trying to bury evidence of broken promises the speeches made before the party came to power a removed from its website. broadcasting twenty four seven live from moscow you with. syria's chemical disarmament appears to be pushing ahead at a rapid pace despite widespread skepticism that declaring and destroying its stockpiles would be possible in the middle of a civil war the government in damascus is even willing to speed up the process as artie's paula slayer he explains. today is the deadline for the organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons to go up destruction deadlines for syria's chemical arsenal so far damascus has made or deadlines in its destruction program with the latest being the first of november when it had to

and the other thing about the pre-trial incarceration figures.they are not there because the family can't release the money. and it's hard to get the numbers, the transparency is not there on pretrial release figures. but these people are in custody and they -- you know i lost my train of thought. that's a senior moment. i was going to make a good point and i apologize. >> let me go to your neighbor, because i want to actually find out if you are in the minority. mrs. mccracken, does your organization support the election of money bail? or are you focused on other reforms? >> we are focused on other reforms. we advocate for the expansion or the implementation of pretrial services. there is great demand for that across the state of california. the criminal justice institute has been just recently awarded only two counties. technical assistance services in implementing pretrial services. but the demand was from 20 counties to have those services. so there is a great interest from california counties to look at this deliberate intervention to reappr

the cash made by incarceration. corrections corporation of america is the hilton of the private prison industry a multibillion dollar business that's getting rich off punishment we are c.c.a. the more people locked up behind bars and the longer they stay there the more money c.c.a. makes last year the company banked a reported one point seven billion dollars they are fully aware of the reality which is that they need mass incarceration in order to stay in business they need excessive sentences for nonviolent crime so yes they push for legislation that will sure more and more people are in their syllabus with more than to put millions people currently incarcerated the united states chomps china russia and the rest of the world in the number of prisoners doing time about half of those in u.s. jails are in for nonviolent offenses since one nine hundred ninety america's private prison population has increased sixteen hundred percent the war on drugs mandatory sentencing and a broken immigration policy have forced more p

and those not in incarcerated because of credit time served they are doing a decent job of manage that go population because we didn't send many in the first place. that is giving us a leg up in a sophisticated and complicated population that has been exposed to the system and so that we can accelerate the process of reentry so we have a better exit plan so they hopefully do not return. >> let's say you are dealing with somebody coming into system at their arrangement bail gets set and they are not even ready to post bail. do they have any power to release inmates where a bail has been set by a judge pending their trial? >> it depends on the classification of that inmate on a very case by case assessment because no sheriff would want to risk basic liability if something went awry. when they are high enough to give us a leap for that. our confidence level would have to be at a complete optimum to be sure there is not a blow back from our policy. >> let me ask joe sarco on that most of us believe there is an an evaluation that a judge makes in making a determination whether someone wheth

people for the purpose of generating corporate profit you have a built in incentive to incarcerate as many people as you can for as long as possible morality and ethics this side of business is booming while markets prison corporations as the number of inmates saul's to new heights. new song russia and iran the while this is o.t. with me hello and welcome to the program getting rid of syria's chemical weapons appears to be pushing ahead at a rapid pace that despite widespread skepticism that declaring and destroying its stockpiles would be possible in the middle of a civil war the government in damascus is even willing to speed up the process as i explained. today is the deadline for the organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons to go up destruction deadlines for syria's chemical arsenal so far damascus has made all deadlines in its destruction program with the latest being the first of november when it had to destroyed all equipment used for the mixing of production of poison gases and nerve agents damascus says that remains committed to meeting these deadlines on our part

since it costs about $50,000 a year to incarcerate somebody.when i look at the collaborative court models. when we look at the pretrial supervisory models we are talking about here. they are really a fraction of the cost. and i don't think we have that on system down as fluidly we would like, i think many of these are eligible for that program. and that requires pretrial to staff and have expanded population. >> george, we will give you the last word, we are pretty much at our time. >> we are underway, the reality that several of us here are members of the sensoring commission, including our public defender, mrs. mccracken and sheriff mirkarimi and myself. and this is an effort that started last year, the goal is a two-year process to look for sentencing reform and looking at best practices to determine what is appropriate. and certainly pretrial detention is part of the mix. i go back to what i said earlier, i believe that pretrial custody should be based on appropriate -- and i want to underline appropriate, risk assessment tools. that will b

we need to reduce not the cost of incarceration or indeed the criminal justice system.but rather the total associate cost of crime including not only expenditure on public safety but the cost of victimization, tangible and intangible to the public. as we seek to do this, the allocation of funds among component of the criminal just i system could be guided by the demonstrated effectivenesses in reducing crime. not the absolute or relative size compared to other component of the criminal justice system. just how large and costly is the prison population? according to the bureau of u.s. bureau -- the rate in 2011 was comparable to 2005. which was 492 persons. given that population, and a recent institute calculated average inmate average per inmate cost of incarceration at 31286 we could e mate the total cost nationwide in 2011 is 50.2 billion. surely a large sum. in order to understand we have to bring in to the calculation what did we get in return for that $50.12 billion? as some have testified previously and noted, and some of the member of the committee have noted, ac

for the purpose of generating corporate profit in the built in incentive to incarcerate as many people as you can for as long as possible because that's how the the market system works the companies have to face considerable criticism for lobbying governments and immigration and tension officials and other government officials for basically more contracts and to put more people in prison. the third floor leg was trapped and in desperate need for a transfer out of consomme on the way he made the unpaid french play top from the tiny house just for demanding his wages. and also later this hour seeing isn't quite as believing iran holds the expansion of its nuclear for a while but where western powers still don't trust them with the u.s. pushing for a new sanctions despite ongoing talks that story after the break. exactly what happened that day i don't know i killed. piers leaders when i got arrested for . for a crime i did not do. we have numerous cases where police officers lie about polygraph results. innocent people to confess to police officers don't beat people anymore i mean it just

because if you profit from incarceration then the more people you have locked up the more money you can. also told us about the influence of private prison funds that will die with the government being for legislation to provide them with even more convicts. the people really benefiting from prison privatization are not the public it's not the prisoners it's not the states that contract with these companies necessarily rather corporate executives and the shareholders who own stock when you incarcerate for the purpose of generating corporate profit give a built in incentive to incarcerate as many people as you can for as long as possible because that's how the the market system works the companies have to face considerable criticism for lobbying governments and immigration and potential officials and other government officials for basically more contracts and to put more people in prison who don't know who's trapped and in desperate need of a transfer out can't not on the way to meet the unpaid french players took from returning home just for demanding his wages. still so coming out sayi

in kentucky to incarcerate an inmate for a year.decreasing recidivism and successful reentry -- your communities again to buy in as well. i know mine has. >> i forgot to ask, secretary wetzel, what is your experience of overcrowding in pennsylvania prisons, the ones you supervise and manage? >> we are about 109% capacity. thechallenge really becomes decisions on the ground, the decisions with who you put in a cell together. weyou look at the numbers as become more crowded, i'm not sure that the overall number of misconducts would skyrocket, but i would guess that the severity and some of the in-cell violence -- as the same time crowding occurred, we got better at our practices, more technology, more cameras, but those in-cell decisions -- the second area really impacted by overcrowding would be segregation. historically, without crowding, you rarely double segregation cells. we are like motel 6 -- the light is always on. to have to find someplace put somebody. sometimes, you make decisions and putting people together that you would

so, terms of the mass incarceration issue and just by way of background for people that are listening i was also struck about the fact there were more black men particularly in the jail and the criminal-justice system waiting for trial than a and slavery in 1850 and that is just staggering because i think that puts it in a perspective of what we are talking about with mass incarceration. because i talk to people and some of the people that i talked to that are more conservative, they will say black people commit more crimes and i just -- i wanted to have you speak to the problem of mass incarceration and maybe you wouldn't necessarily have that. we can work towards a more fair and just system. >> guest: it is a horrifying statistics. one in three african-american babies born today are destined for jeal with the policies it nasa incarceration continue. it's just certainly a civil rights issue of our time and you look at the conditions of the jails and prisons and it really is staggering. i think that when you hear people say african-americans are more likely to commit crime it really i

and i don't want my kids to come and see my incarcerated. and touch them like barbie was saying, can hold them, can do nothing. and i have little kids. >> the question that is not being asked is what happens to her children? what happens to those two kids who grow up without a mother? my kids didn't really wanna get to know me which was really hard. i mean i spent 10 yrs dreaming about getting home to them and then to get home and be like, no, we don't even know you lady. we traditionally have taken families and separated them. they will sentence a person to a jail or prison that is hundreds of hundreds of miles away. sometimes even in other states. without regard to the break up of the family unit. and then there's surprise when the person gets out and they re offend. >> ultimately, many argue realignment has done little to shift the underlying culture of punishment - or its devastating impacts on communities. >> i don't have a address. so i go to the streets. you know i don't want to sleep on the ground so i use. you know i'm not making ex

for the purpose of generating corporate profit you have a built in incentive to incarcerate as many people as you cared for as long as possible because that's how the the market system works the companies have faced considerable criticism for lobbying governments and corporations and potential officials and other government officials for basically more contracts and to put more people in prison. brief tonight a mass rally in egypt the supporters of the ousted president morsi descended to the clashes which have left one dead security forces used tear gas to disperse the crowds and xandra dozens of people were arrested the muslim brotherhood called for major demonstrations on friday to denounce the on go to trial against morsi. al-qaeda linked rebels in syria have beheaded one of his supporters by mistake he was a sunni islamist but was captured and killed by insurgents who mistook him for his sad support the rebels then published a video apologizing for the execution of her admitting that they'd killed the wrong man the group known as the islamic state in iraq in the event has become

people on average $40,000 a year to incarcerate someone.the supervision and jeb treatment and mental health treatment to solve these problems. >> host: i'm not asking you to name them. >> guest: you see time and time you can pet the offenses that are being prosecuted. one of my cases a kid was prosecuted for stealing a birthday card for his little brother. those sorts of things are happening in superior court in d.c. and all across the country. >> host: that's just so sad. we are basically running a court system with a lot of misdemeanors. that's a very good point to get out the majority of the cases in the system are misdemeanor because the projection in view in the world is we have to take these murders and rapists and killers and that is what is shown in the media so that is what people really think. they are not thinking about the kid who bought the birthday card card -- will he didn't buy the birthday card. the kid who basically went in and stole the birthday card without thinking about that. tell us some of the more rewarding things y

it's naive in a big ere deny error to just walk away in incarcerated dangerous people. you're worried for your guards. you talk about gangs. a lot of the people are darnings. we got to be real careful about that. i think we need to watch the costs. the federal prison system can't be the greatest system, the most expensive in the whole world, which it is, but we have to watch, look for ways to reduce costs, and we got to be cautious about adopting the belief that there's been some new recidivism program that's going to solve the recidivism rate if we can reduce it even a little bit. i'm willing to support a good program, but a lot of the program just never was put to use, the results, we want them to have. recidivism rate today is in a lot different than it was in 198 o, i don't think, and so we spend more on it trying to make it better, and we have a very successful achievement there. finally, you and i talked about prison industries. there's no doubt in my mind that people who work in prison prefer it, prisoners who have work programs are safer, aren't they, mr. samuel

america incarcerates more people than any other country on earth. one in every one hundred us citizens is behind bars. the state of maryland is no exception - the prisons here are full. how's it going? sebastian walker for al jazeera. >> nice to meet you. >> i'm here at the roxbury correctional institution to meet dominique stevenson. she helped start a prisoner-led program called "friend of a friend." it teaches long-term prisoners how to mentor younger inmates coming in with shorter sentences. >> the fact that there is no economic development, there are no jobs, and that leads to the despair that you're talking about. and so you still have to deal with that reality, that the same things brought you in here, exist out there for them. >> and i believe that the corruption that exists, particularly where i'm from, from out of baltimore city, from a lot of political officials going all the way up to the corrupt president of the united states, for real, because i believe no one actually care about the poor no more. you know it's all about the rich getti

because it can profit from incarceration. and the more people you have a lot more money. the nurse also told us about the influence that kind of prison found so we'll go with the government building twenty legislation to provide them with even more convicts people really benefiting from prison privatization are not the is not prisoners is not the states the contract that these companies necessarily. rather the executives and shareholders who own stock we knew incarceration the purpose of generating overbought. the built in incentive to incarcerated she cared for so long as possible because that's how the market system works companies have faced considerable criticism of former lobbying governments and the integration and pension officials and other government officials. for basically more contracts to put more people in prison why this tri tip and in desperate need of a try as i have cast on. on the way nice and french law as stealth bombers flying high and just put him on his allegiance seeing isn't quite believing in round holes the expansion of its won't get the plan t

flash incarceration does not work. as far as the treatment that do work for alcoholism, alcoholism is a chronic disease like diabetes. hypertension and emphysema. when we look at outcomes for chronic disease, a landmark study for the journal medical association in 1999, showed that results for treatments were no worse or better than any other chronic disease model. so treatment of alcoholism and addiction works. as far as new treatments for alcoholism, when it comes to substance abuse treatment, typically with any chronic disease it takes time and effort. let me give you a picture two of extremes. one extreme is the first of the month with $200 in your pocket and you are in tenderloin and the other extreme is the stationery outcome with handcuffs. so the illustration here is that somewhere between these two extremes, there is a level of treatment structure that is appropriate for the particular patient. when we think about the patients who end up in the revolving court's, they have trauma, bad thing that have happened