we were incarcerated even though we were young american citizens. after world war ii, i just had to finish up my education. i graduated from the local high school. then went on to los angeles city college. eventually graduated from the university of southern california as a teacher. so i put in about 25 years in teaching and hope that we learn from our mistakes and what happened to us during world war ii. but still, i feel america didn't learn its lesson because after 9/11, what happened to the american arabs, american muslim, american people looked down upon them because they looked like the terrorists. so that's what happened to us in world war ii. we looked like the enemy during world war ii, and then after terrorists attack the twin towers and the pentagon, they looked down upon the american arabs, american muslim just because they look like the terrorists. so they would have to learn from our world war ii lessons that it should not happen again. this is the national center for world war ii monuments. and we have about 850 names here. people of

that many more newborns toddlers and young children will experience milestones like this while incarcerated. the commission can play an important role by calling for an end to these family detention policies. when ice does not implement its detention reform initiatives , there are consequences. sexual abuse for example is far too come. in 2013 detained individuals face serious challenges in reporting sexual abuse. although we introduced regulations, they said no deadline for implementation at almost half of all ice detention beds. the commission can use its power to push ice to swiftly implement the rule across the board and enforce contracts if they fail to comply. this isn't enough though. here is one recent example that has not yet received coverage beyond a small local newspaper. just two weeks ago, a pennsylvania district attorney filed charges against a charge for self accounts, the victim is a 20-year-old woman who fled from honduras with their 3-year-old son after her father beat her to cause her a miscarriage and threatened her with torture and death. when she was sent to jail, a g

to reduce america's overreliance on incarceration. after all, the u.s. comprises 5% of the worlds population. we incarcerate almost a quarter of its prisoners. 25% of the worlds prisoners are in american prisons. the entire population has increased by a third since 1980. the federal prison population has grown by 800% over the same. period. on the day i took office , nearly half of all federal inmates were serving time for drug-related offenses. as many of you have thoroughly reported, the state of affairs not only had serious financial limitations for our country, it also exacted a human and moral toll that is impossible to calculate. studies show that the policies that impose these costs have not had a significant impact in making our communities measurably safer. the persistence of the status quo demanded that national criminal justice leaders really closely examine our institutions and re-orient our practices. so that all -- that all americans deserve. under president obama's leadership, we began to push for serious change. in 2010, as a result of ou

america incarcerates more people than any other country on earth. one in every one hundred us citizens is behind bars. the state of maryland is no exception - the prisons here are full. how's it going? sebastian walker for al jazeera. >> nice to meet you. >> i'm here at the roxbury correctional institution to meet dominique stevenson. she helped start a prisoner-led program called "friend of a friend." it teaches long-term prisoners how to mentor younger inmates coming in with shorter sentences. >> the fact that there is no economic development, there are no jobs, and that leads to the despair that you're talking about. and so you still have to deal with that reality, that the same things brought you in here, exist out there for them. >> and i believe that the corruption that exists particularly where i'm from, from out of baltimore city, from a lot of political officials going all the way up to the corrupt president of the united states, for real, because i believe no one actually care about the poor no more. you know it's all about the rich gettin

this state incarcerates more women per capita than any other in the us - twice the national average. they too are growing old behind bars. estella and mary may look like two grandmothers passing their time reading and writing poetry. and they are. but they're also convicted killers. >> i didn't have a chance in what i did. it was either kill or be killed. and i chose to live, and it was a survival thing. >> estella turns 60 in november. she's been behind bars for 13 years and hopes to be released in 2014. >> can you tell us what kind of impact your incarceration has had on your family? >> well it's been especially hard on my grandchildren because they always wonder why i can't go home with them when they come to visit me. and they get upset. like why did you do it, they ask me why did you do this, you know, and explaining to little kids like that that you took somebody's life is really hard. >> the rising number of elderly prisoners - and the price tag for that trend - comes as state budgets are being squeezed across the country. oklahoma has been hit particularly hard. >> the second

we are the number one incarcerated or of all people the world. if we invested in education and value it the way we value incarceration things would be different. [applause] one of the things i value most about young people is they have zero tolerance for hypocrisy. because i am here, i am using that word, instead of another word i would use. [laughter] but young people have zero tolerance for that. the fact is many systems are talking about this beautiful equity we have to work towards but the truth is that policies are not made in that way. budgets are not allocated that way. we have to call it out. we were at a program a few years ago and young man from martin luther king high school said that his biology project consisted of dissecting a cookie. i will never forget how that child was violated. he was prevented in many ways from pursuing a career in medicine. you know why? he was not properly educated. the city was a city that spent 23 years testing crack pipes to charge people in the city of cleveland with felony cocaine possession instead of

of people, which is why we are the number one incarcerator of all people in the world.nd his we invest in education and valued it the way that we value in incarceration, things would be very different. [applause] .. that policies are not made in that way. but just, they are not allocated that way we have to call it out basheer, you and i were at a program a few years ago and a young man from martin luther king high school, said his biology project consisted of dissecting a cookie. i will never forget that. i will never forget how that child was violated. he was prevented in many ways from pursuing a career in medicine. you know why? because he was not properly educated. this city was a city that spent 23 years 23 years testing crack pipes to charge people in the city of cleveland with felony cocaine possession, instead of misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia. 23 years. approximately 35,000 african-americans have a felony conviction they should not have because cleveland was the only city in the entire state of ohio that had that policy some of these people went to pr

next speaker, please. >> have been incarcerated at some time in their lives those data map under the epidemic this was obey talked about and found half of the transgender women living in san francisco are living with hiv and among the blacks are among the trains party we need to provide services and reach out and find a visibility and recognize this is important part of the lgbtq community a sanitary city an lufbt mecca i work with folks hoping for love and sense and don't come looking at for incarceration and this can't be the city for this, please invest and please love our transz folks especially transgenders of color from the violence against them and i beg of you to participate. >> thank you. >> thank you. next speaker, please. >> do those go up and down? my name is dean yell or danny i'm an organizer with the project astonishing i do not gabriel jose and others those are the folks we've lost really recently i'm a white person as a white person and as a white trans person what would joann brown do i want to talk about the allyship i'm outraged and disgusted the board of supervis

glorify being incarcerated. being in gangs. >> while knight admits to a near lifetime of criminal behavior, he says he now wants to set a different example for his three young children and protecting his family is what led to his latest conviction. knight says he told some loud neighbors to quiet down. then one of them attacked him with a machete. >> the next thing i know, he hits me in the shoulder with the machete. crazy. he cut my face from here to there. 15 stitches in my face. cut my hand open. and i finally got the machete from him. i hurt him pretty bad. i almost killed him. cut his head open down the middle. had to get 140 staples in his head. almost cut both his arms off. i mean, somebody tried to kill me. i got kids in the house, i got a pregnant girlfriend. i don't want to die. >> knight was arrested, however. and while he maintains self-defense, he says he pled guilty to avoid a harsher sentence if found guilty at trial. >> jermaine knight is being housed on administrative segregation, which is where

that we are the most incarcerated nation on the face of the earth.whether you are talking about proportion of the population, or whether you're talking about actual numbers. even country's whose populations are minor compared to ours and of course populations that are major compared. i got interested in the re-entry question because i think it is one of the most challenging issues that we face today. fortunately we're able to put together a group who passed something called the second-chance akdct and it involved democrats, republicans members of the house members of the senate grassroots groups, research groups, university groups, every kind of individual and group that we could coalesce coalesce. after several years of discussion. we managed to pass legislation based upon knowing two or three things concretely. one, that about 700,000 people come home from jail and prison every year. those who get no help are likely -- that is two thirds of them, are likely to do what we call re-offend, that is to do something that could get them back to where they

. >> my name is jesus garcia, i have been incarcerated for nearly 12 1/2 years.'m incarcerated for first degree murder and i have life plus 26 years to serve. >> when we met jesus garcia at the penitentiary of new mexico he had recently been involved in the bloody assault of two officers. >> leading up to that day there had been incidents where they messed with me. that was the third time. i said, that was it. that's enough. i broke my tv, made a couple shanks and assaulted them. assaulted one of them. i got him, and then another officer came to his rescue and obviously trying to defend myself, i assaulted him, too. >> they were slashed around the head, neck, came very close to the jugular on one of the officers. >> i remember running into the pod. there was an inmate between both of them and they were both being stabbed. >> aaron bell rushed to aid his fellow officers moments after the assault began. >> i hit the inmate, tried to get him by his arm, and i slipped. and i didn't realize what i slipped on was all blood. >> it took a couple of minutes before we got

. >> now the incarcerated lovers might have another mouth to feed. >> either she's telling the truthut the kid or she's completely psychotic or both. >>> though grand rapids is the second largest city in michigan, its residents describe it in terms of small town charm and stable communities. on any given day, about a thousand others face uncertain futures. >> get ready. make sure you shut the door when you come out. make sure you make your bed. >> they reside behind the razor wire topped fences and brick walls of kent county jail. most of the inmates are awaiting trial or the resolution of their cases. upon being booked into the jail, they trade street clothes for jail uniforms and leave personal possessions including cash and jewelry in sealed bags that will be stored until you are released. a minor exception was made for brian. >> the guy when he was doing the patdowns, we had a long discussion about it. he told me my tongue ring, that's got to come out. i'm like it doesn't come out. if they go to cut it, they'll end up cutting my tongue. it's too short of a bar bell. he said never

overreliance on incarceration has proven not to be effective. i was an attorney when washington, d.c. was considered the murder capital of the world. i think in some ways we have earned a peace dividend. we ought to base our policies in the 21st century on the reality we have. >> there are several questions about marijuana. under the controlled substances act, the administration has the power to reclassify marijuana with no further congressional action needed. do you think that is something the president should consider in the next couple of years? >> i'm not sure that that the underlying premise is necessarily true. i think congress ultimately has to do that. this is a topic that ought to be engaged in by our nation informed by the experiences that we see in colorado, in washington. there is legitimate debate to be had on both sides of that question, where marijuana ought to be in terms of its scheduling. and take into account all of the empirical evidence that we can garner to see if it is as serious a drug that would warrant class one categor

the us has the highest rate of incarceration in the world. it's probably at least 1 million in jail who are not a danger. we are trying to change that because we think it is a horrific waste of money. >> tell us about a case that the equal justice initiative has worked on. >> sure. yes. so actually just yesterday we got a ruling. convicted convicted of two murders in birmingham in 1980 and he was innocent but could not get the legal help that he needed. the state said they found the gun that matched these two murders. he needed a gun expert but could not get one. his lawyer found found a guy who was a civil engineer who was blind in one eye to be his expert. of course he was convicted and sentenced to death. .. 3000 children have been condemned to die in prison. there's a lot more work to do. >> the state of alabama, is about to them whether or not to retry him? >> yes. the court has ordered he is entitled to a new trial and the state won't make a decision about whether to provide better not. we are hoping -- i don't think there is any questi

we were incarcerated even though we were young american citizens. after world war ii, i just had to finish up my education. i graduated from the local high school. then went on to los angeles city college. eventually graduated from the university of southern california as a teacher. so i put in about 25 years in teaching and hope that we learn from our mistakes and what happened to us during world war ii. but still, i feel america didn't learn its lesson because after 9/11, what happened to the american arabs, american muslim, american people looked down upon them because they looked like the terrorists. so that's what happened to us in world war ii. we looked like the enemy during world war ii, and then after terrorists attack the twin towers and the pentagon, they looked down upon the american arabs, american muslim just because they look like the terrorists. so they would have to learn from our world war ii lessons that it should not happen again. this is the national center for world war ii monuments. and we have about 850 names here. people of

>> the first phase of boot camp is four months of shock incarceration.in bed by 9:00 p.m., the cadets are allowed no visits, no phone calls, and no communication with other inmates. >> you have to sound like thunder, move like lightning. it's pretty hard. the beginning's pretty hard. because you're not in shape when you first get here. and sometimes you sweat and get tired and you still have to move. there's no giving up in boot camp. >> a lot of these kids have never really had anybody to talk to. you'll find that their parents are incarcerated. they've been arrested. we have children that are coming from foster care. so to some of these cadets, we're the only parents that they have. >> we're making you a better person, right? >> yes, sir. >> phase two of boot camp is a two month work-release program in which the cadets improve their education or acquire jobs. >> what about schooling? >> sir, this cadet has plans to go to school to become an accountant if possible, sir. >> an accountant. wow. you'll be making a lot of money. >> i got to study a lot, sir

. >> i was never incarcerated with him.n i found out he was incarcerated, what he did time for, what he got charged for, they asked me if there would be any problems if we were in the same prison. i told them yeah, i would probably end up killing him. i just cannot condone that. >> "lockup" has profiled plenty of inmates who spewed hatred toward sex offenders. but we show viewers those on the receiving end. thomas headley is serving years at utah state prison. and like many sex offenders say his punishment is unjust and his crime is misunderstood. >> i was charged with kidnapping somebody that was under 14. i'm a man that is attracted to young women. god forbid, 99% of us are. >> when we interviewed him, headley was serving his time in solitary confinement as a punishment for being uncooperative. but he explained to us he has his own motives for being in the hole. >> there's not a safer place anywhere in the prison than where i'm at. no matter what you do, how far you try to approach it, you're a worthless piece of crap bec

we live in the most incarcerated country in the world. there are more black men under correctional control today than were under slavery in 1850. >> joining me now democratic strategist richard fowler and executive director teaparty.net niger, do you agree what he's saying? the voting rights act compromised today, is that because we ask people to identify themselves just like you need identity and a picture id to get into the democratic national convention? mr. fowler? >> hi, sean. thanks for having me. >> you know -- you know to get into the dnc you need a picture id, right? >> that's not true. i didn't -- >> oh, right -- >> i didn't need a picture id. i had a delegate. [ overlapping speakers ] >> naacp convention needed an id to get in there. >> didn't need an id for that either. >> for houston you did. >> in las vegas i didn't need an id. >> apparently you're so loved you don't need id you walk in and play the celebrity card and you walk right through gate. i don't know that's for most people. >> come on, you don't love me? >> no, i ne

even if they need to be incarcerated. even if we need to keep them away from the general population. need to be treated and deserve to be treated with some dignity within the system. so, i think that was an important point that needs to be made. senator franken is here, so i'd like to invite him up to say a few words. i've already commented on the fact that it's midwesterners that are really concerned about these issues. >> you, then i take, it are a midwesterner? >> oh, yeah. >> see how i figured that out? great. great crowd. thanks for warming them up. i want to thank the constitution project for hosting this important event. thank you, david, for that introduction. it's quite a feat to bring together a group of speakers with such a broad array of backgrounds and of perspectives and i think that speaks to the importance of this and the bipartisan aspect of this. which is simply about making our criminal justice system fair and less extensive. i also want to thank all of you for just being here today and contributing to

far too many people remain trapped in cycles of poverty criminality, and incarceration. unwarranted disparities are far too common. law enforcement is distrusted in far too many places and cops are not appreciated for the tough job they do so well. if we hope to build on the record we have established so far and make the smart on crime initiative not only successful but permanent, we must work together to ensure that all of this is just the beginning. from critical improvements to the juvenile justice system, we must continue to advance promising, bipartisan legislation to make our communities safer and treat individuals more justly and allow more efficient use of law enforcement resources. our efforts over the last six years have laid a strong foundation for a new era of american justice. congress can help us build on the foundation by passing important bipartisan legislation. like the smarter sentencing act, which would give judges more discretion in determining sentences for people convicted of certain federal drug crimes. going forward with measures like this one and

he explained his family was part of the arrest and incarceration of 120,000 japanese nearly two thirds of them american born to read over the years we were in touch and frequently the front time to time we saw each other and the subject returned to the camp. and the 2010 when i was in austin, i decided to stop by the architecture office and i just finished reading broken and i wondered what alan thinks about this book since he was interned as a japanese-american i just wondered what he thinks about this book. so i stopped in and i was kind of on fire about that book. it is a fabulous book. and having is also an architect greeted me and explained that allen had died several years before. over the course of our conversation, and then gave me a list of names of some of his friends who were incarcerated in the camp and a few other things about the camp. they are now old men and women who live all over the world. the next day i started telephoning them and slowly the secrets of the camp and its inhabitants began to unfold. during the war crystal city the only camp specifically designed for

a beautiful feeling to come outside, especially when you're incarcerated.ll the air you get is to go to court and that's it. you get on the bus. besides that, you get to look out the window. and that's it. >> everybody, place your i.d. cards on your outermost garments. put them up on your chest, please, gentlemen. keep the noise down. we're going to take it inside. we're going to clear the deck and take it downstairs again. one at a time. >> eric prefers to hang out in the dorm, close to his belongings. >> i never really leave my bed because you really can't trust everybody that is here. my letters to my house, my pictures, my girlfriend. i don't have any pictures of my family at the moment but hopefully i will get some. that's about it. every day, i wake up saying i hate this. but, i got to stay here. so until i do my time, i'll be here. and hopefully i'll see this through. >> scott randolph spends his free time writing poetry. >> this one's called "hold this." hold this, grip these words as if your embrace alone will help me save my life. so that i might

we lived in the most incarcerated country in the world. there are more black men under correctional control today than were under slavery in 1850. >> all right joining me now, richard fowler, and niger ennis is back with us do you agree with this do you compare the voting rights and compromise today. is that because we ask people to identify themselves just like you need identity and a picture id to get into the democratic national convention, mr. fowler? >> hi sean, thank you for having me. >> you know to get into the dnc you need a picture id? >> that is not true i didn't need a picture id -- i had a delegate -- >> the naacp convention, richard, you were probably there. i needed an id to get in. >> i was in las vegas, but didn't need an id. >> but for houston you did. >> in las vegas, i didn't need an id. >> you are the only one that i know apparently you're so loved, you just walk in and play the celebrity card i guess and walk right through the gate. i needed an id to get it. and on top of that it is very difficult to get it. but the p

it's called connect inmate where families can send letters and pictures to family members who are incarcerated. this was a person mission for pink elephant. why did you start it. i dealt with my father and my he has been in prison basically his whole life. he wasn't released until i was 17. it was a big push for us to communicate. so her partners collaborated on a system to sending a letter of convenient digital process right on your smart phone. you would write write a letter e how you send a text message to your friends. connect inmate will handle all the fulfillment the printing and handling of the letters to the prison. letters are a 1.50, pictures were not 50. this app has brought appeal. >> kids on cell phones and hitech there's no reason not to be connected with their loved ones in prison. we have 19,000 downloads on iphone and 17,000 on android we started mid october. the developers of the app say they are not promoting bad choices that led to incars race, but -- incarceration, but it's a way to stay connected. you want to stay connected. our next story focuses on a woman who has overc

>> this is building on the observation of incarceration policies. stepping back from the policing question it is important to recognize the entire system has changed to enormously over the last 40 years we were privileged to be members of the national academy of sciences panel with the consequences of high rates of incarceration wheelchair dash and there is a time in the nation's history we have used prison as a response to crime more than in the other time by a factor of five for a tenfold. i spend a lot of time with 20 roles these days 15,000 and ask them questions was a like growing up? they're more likely to have a parent in prison, more likely to have somebody under supervision in their family and more likely and high-school to have been at the receiving end of the more punitive disciplinary system in the schools so the young people have a very different personal experience with the justice system. such as think a lot paul police interact with the rest of it they have never been out of their making that it is a much bigger footprint and the liv

and so i hear statements such as, well crime has gone down but incarceration rates have gone up. as if that couldn't be conceived as a direct correlation, therefore crime has gone down. and the issue is the mistrust. and i think that's what we're going towards. and how do we refocus and get officers to buy into that? because you have perceptions. yeah, there's crime across all races. but we have perceptions that every stop is driven by racial motivation. it may be because crime in an area is rampant. how do we get past that stage to try and get the reality into perception? >> well, i definitely think that the first point is to try to reeducate, retrain officers to think about this in terms of a different role for themselves that moves beyond enforcement to building stronger communities. and that one of the goals when they deal with anyone should be to think how am i building trust in the police? how am i building trust in the community? because in the long run, my job is to try to improve this community. so that's the first thing. but, i think, the other thing that hasn't been em

i was incarcerated for armed robbery. was in for five years. >> and where were you incarcerated? >> i was incarcerated in several joints throughout indiana, you know. >> the biggest problem is they tend to look down a lot. and i tell them, you know, whatever you did, whatever crime you committed, you've done your time for that. so i want you to lift your head up. you have nothing to be ashamed of because you've done your time and that's why we do this because it's very important that they know that. >> at isp, self-improvement is also available to those whose release dates are decades away. >> i tell my mother all the time, don't think of me as being in prison. i'm in here trying to better myself. she's really worried about me because i am a sex offender and it's really hard on sex offenders in prison, in this environment. i have a class "a" felony child molestation. we had sex one time, she came up pregnant and had a baby. when we found out she was pregnant, i turned myself in. i'm 35. i'll be 56 if i do the whole bit. i

the majority of the 3,000 men and women incarcerated here are only charged with crimes and are awaiting trial for the resolution of their cases. some are convicted and serving short sentences or are awaiting transfer to state prison. such is the case for philip white. once an aspiring rapper, he was recently convicted of murder. >> look around like [ bleep ]. how did i just go from five star hotels room service to an 8 x 10 cell. i mean people's bathrooms at home is bigger than where i'm living. i don't want to die like this. ♪ ♪ i don't want to cry like this ♪ ♪ tell me why life like this >> after serving a six-year prison sentence in indiana for drug dealing, white moved to oakland for a fresh start and had made some inroads in the city's rap scene. [ rapping ] >> but his dreams of stardom ended after he fatally stabbed his 44-year-old girlfriend 12 times in the arm and hand. >> number one song trying to shake heads. now i'm locked in a cell. how could the lord forget me? don't cry. >> white was living with his girlfriend and her four children. on the night of the murder, he and his g

it's going to focus on your recovery and keep you out of incarceration.top you from recidivating. >>> coming up -- >> then the other bitch came behind me and then i got into a fight. so she won really. so they're mad at me. >> a setback for alexandria mcbride. and -- >> congratulations to every one of you for graduating today. >> a milestone for byron poe. i'm just looking over the company bills.up? is that what we pay for internet? yup. dsl is about 90 bucks a month. that's funny, for that price with comcast business, i think you get like 50 megabits. wow, that's fast. personally, i prefer a slow internet. there is something about the sweet meditative glow of a loading website. don't listen to the naysayer. switch to comcast business today and get 50 megabits per second for $89.95. comcast business. built for business. ♪ >>> inmates at the santa rita jail never know when a fight might break out or when they might be subject to a surprise shakedown. but today is an eventful one for byron poe for an entirely different reason. >> it's that day. graduation d

the behavior that got them incarcerated, we shouldn't accept that same behavior while they're incarceratedith us. >> changing the way things had been done for decades wasn't going to be easy, but it was going to happen. that was the mandate. the first step came in leveling the playing field. >> you hear the saying, power is in numbers. and that's really true. you put 150, 200 class x murderers in a room together and that's a lot of power. you take that number down and knock it down to 50 and you put a couple extra officers there, and it really kind of balances things out. >> today, anywhere you look within stateville there are rarely more than 50 prisoners together. oftentimes there are fewer. unlike many other prisons around the country where hundreds of prisoners congregate, at stateville, whether it's in the prison yards, dining hall or any other location, the number of inmates is always limited. these same limitations also apply anytime prisoners are moved from one area of the prison to another. >> in the past we used to move 200, 300 inmates at a time. now it's no more than 50 inmates

he explains that his family was part of the arrest and incarceration of 120000 japanese. over the years, alan and i were in touch frequently but from time to time we saw each other and inevitably this subject would turn to the camp. in 2010 when i was in austin, i decided to stop by allen's architecture office. the truth is i just finished reading unbroken and i thought to myself, i wonder what allen thinks about this book. and no since he was interned as a japanese-american i just wonder what he thinks about this book. so i stopped in and i was on fire about this book been broken in such a fabulous book. evan, who is also an architect and explained they had died several years before. i've been to the of names of some of allen's friends who were incarcerated in the cab and a few other things about the camp. the children on that list were now old men and women who lived all over the world. the next day i started telephoning them. slowly the secrets of the camp and at powerful and habitants began to unfold. during the war, crystal city the only camp specifically designed fo

these are companies where their goal is to use the housing -- the incarceration of human beings and ourdollars and convert that into maximum profits. and that creates a situation rife with abuse, neglect, and misconduct. one example comes from the prison in texas were the bureau of prisons on monitors went in and found the private prison company was not complying -- not meeting its own corrective action plan and they concluded that the lack of health care at the prison was computing two significant suffering among the prisoners who were incarcerated there. even after making his conclusions, the bureau of prisons chose to renew the contract with the company when they're asked to justify this to other department of justice officials, the bureau a person officials said they did this in order to the bureau of prison officials said they did this in order to preserve the reputation. >> we want to thank you for joining us, carl takei, staff attorney with the aclu's national prison project. he is the author of the report "warehoused and forgotten: immigrants trapped in our shadow private prison