non-indian and indian alike. there is none of this racism happening last week, in rapid city south dakota, a group of students who won their way to a free hockey game, academics, non-indian were doused in beer and were called -- i apologize to my favorite american brothers and sisters, but they used this term back home -- "go home prairie necks." was anyone arrested or asked to leave the stadium question mark -- the stadium? no. these things happen a lot. i know i have young women and young men who will always have a different perspective because of what happened to them last week. that cannot be allowed anymore. if you can have this kind of imagery and be ok with it and american statistics pulling that is ok, i say it is not. how many of us does it take to say no more. i guarantee you if this was an african-american head, you would find african-americans that say, that does not bother me. you would also find african-americans who would say no way i will let this happen to my people. we are asking for understandi

blue indians. so these kids can be forgiven for not having a particularly good idea especially kids in parts of the country where there aren't a lot of indian people, where they are unlikely to encounter indian people in their day-to-day lives or certainly their school lives, so they do get confused. they can be forgiven for not knowing that indians don't look like that in fact there still are indians. now, this is a well-intentioned teachers somewhere who is teaching her students about thanksgiving as thanksgiving is required content in almost every state in the union. teachers are expected to teach about giving in some way. this is what they have been teaching. this is innocent play, isn't it? these are kids and they are pretending, which is why kids do and it seems innocent enough. a couple of things. first of all, it's rather unlikely they would pretend to be people of any other race than what they are. that would be understand as inappropriate but not when it comes to indians. the other thing

non-indian and indian alike. there is none of this racism happening last week, in rapid city south dakota, a group of students who won their way to a free hockey game, academics, non-indian were doused in beer and were called -- i apologize to my favorite american brothers and sisters, but they used this term back home -- "go home prairie necks." was anyone arrested or asked to leave the stadium question mark -- the stadium? no. these things happen a lot. i know i have young women and young men who will always have a different perspective because of what happened to them last week. that cannot be allowed anymore. if you can have this kind of imagery and be ok with it and american statistics pulling that is ok, i say it is not. how many of us does it take to say no more. i guarantee you if this was an african-american head, you would find african-americans that say, that does not bother me. you would also find african-americans who would say no way i will let this happen to my people. we are asking for understandi

non-indian and indian alike. when they are saying this is none of this racism happening, last week in rapid city, south dakota, a group of students who earned their way to a free hockey game through academics, not being indian, where doused -- where doused in beer and called -- and i apologize to my brothers and sisters -- but they use this term back home -- "go hem, prairie niggers." that was last week. was anybody arrested or asked to leave the stadium? no, it happened after it appeared in the press. these things are happening a lot. i have young women and men that will always have a different perspective because of what happened to them last week. that cannot be allowed anymore. if you can have this kind of imagery and be ok with it, then american statistics polling say that is ok, i say does not. -- i say it's not. how many of us does it take to say no more? i guarantee that this was an african-american, you can find african-americans who would say this doesn't bother me. but you would also find ever -- afric

that is not the indians' idea.st time a white man said to an indian, your great white father in washington -- the guy says, he is not my father. paternalism is a device that whites use basically in order to justify what they are doing to the indians. and it is also a way of blaming the indians for what happens to them. have i got that wrong? >> no. i could not help -- and i do not want to get off the subject -- but i could not help thinking, these books were published about the same time, and thinking very much about this other paternal is in. i do not see that in rogan. i think it would have been helpful, and not to criticize the author for not righting something he did not write, but i will -- how does slavery and print journalism -- and paternalism in jackson for life affected this whole idea of jacksonian democracy? indeed, it may downplay the role of slavery. if you have an all inclusive focus on his relationship with how he could use native americans on a psychological basis, using that as a theory, it seems

what they did not want for people to act like indians and be part of indian tribes.that's when the moss cot business began. -- mascot. this mascot was adopted in the 1930s by a particularly vicious racist owner of a team that at that time was in boston. the team was initially called the boston braves. the same as one of the baseball teams in boston. but, later in order to distinguish his team from the baseball team, the owner chose this particular name. there is a lot of mythology around the name. i find it very amusing, each of the teams with one of these indian as cots have an origin for their mascot. they're elaborate and fantastically untrue. so in this case the team still maintains that the name was chosen to honor a particular coach of the team at the time they were in boston, a fellow who went by the name of dietz. there were a couple of problems with that. first, the owner himself from that time is quoted in the newspapers it is well-documented, saying no, that is not why we named it that. just you know, kind of a name. kind of like red sox except it is this.

was a quarter creek indian. one of the acts of congress that brought the gilcrease family to the creek nation of indian territory was an act that essentially broke up the tribal holdings of indian land and a lot of land to individuals indian people, on the different nations' roles. the creek nations, as in a child of a mother who was a quarter creek indian, thomas gilcrease received an allotment and fortuitously for mr. gilcrease it ended up sitting on top of one of the most productive oilfields in american history at the time about 20 miles south of tulsa. by the time thomas gilcrease is a young man, 20, 21 years old he is a millionaire, circa 1910 and what's happening in the united dates at the time is the automobile is becoming a primary means of transportation. what do you need for an automobile? you need lots of petroleum, and the oil wells that gilcrease was accumulating through that allotment and then his business activities produced the wealth that allowed him to become the collector that he will become

several indian airports recently received approval to fly. the months to come, indian companies will no doubt be looking to acquire new aircraft. william: let's take a quick look at the other business headlines. general election has announced it will sell the majority of its real estate portfolio over the next 24 months, bringing in him 46.5 billion dollars. it will be sold to blackstone and wells fargo. ge's holdings include more than 4000 office buildings. and strong results, the french retailer said revenue in america grew by 14% -- 19%. carrefour saw a 612 increase but an 11% decrease in asia. and libor is the interbank rate in london and is the benchmark at which trillions of euros of financial contracts are based upon. deutsche bank faces a $1.5 billion fine for alleged libor rigging. indices are all in the green. largely a sign of fears over greece are easing after the country repaid it 450 million euro loan through the international monetary fund. markets are also moving up things to signs of a weak euro after the european central ban

in fact, there is no such thing as an indian. indian is a something that was made up.en we see the imagery associated with the mascots, they all tend to look alike. that in itself tells us people are being misled. we begin a series of exhibitions at the museum. patient was guest curated by suzanne harjo. part of this is that we simply want people to gain a simple understanding of history. we don't want them to think of it as strictly native american history, it is american history. in many respects, world history. it is just history. not american indian history. when we teach about a situation like this, that is the point where trying to make. this is everybody's inheritance. it's not just an indian thing. we talk about the treaties of c anandaigua. the central figure of a house is on either side of it. the figures represent the mohawk nation as the keepers of the eastern and western doors. then, the 13 figures associated with that represented the 13 colonies. a belt like this was commissioned by none other than george washington to mark the entry of the united states

>> my wife is american indians and i made three indians from scratch. the first thing i learned about this culture and all tribes, thousands of tribes is humor is a par of their culture. from the first settlers talking about getting scared by guys going boo in the forest to charlie hill to the american indian comedy slam, it is who they are. it is how they cope. and now political correctness handed them blankets, but instead of smallpox it is feining offense. in the early 2000's they didn't care about the name washington redskins. 4% found it offensive. now that they adopted the white trait this truly unindian trait of censoring humor, it is up to like 95%. and this adam sandler outrage is another example of that. george or well said within every joke is a revolution. with every sensorred joke is a form of tierney. these white liberals and their politically correct smallpox have infected indians. way to go, guys. it is not the first time around. but it is pretty bad. >> how does your wife feel? >> i gotta go. >> are you on indian land right now? is this

in terms of weather on the indian side, not much being talked about here.owever, certainly the biggest point of discussion is how that will elect how much india can do in the immediate future when it comes to the relief and recovery that is needed in nepal. >> thank you. >>> dr. brian bapti head of seismology telling me that the aftershocks are likely to last for a few weeks. >> the rule of thumb of aftershocks is that the largest aftershocks are generally one order of magnitude than the main shock, which means we might get earthquakes up to 6.8 which are big earthquakes in their right. we've already seen a magnitude of 6.6 earthquake. we could see that over time although the number will reduce with time, and those can cause severe problems, particularly if the buildings are already damaged, and it can hamper the relief effort. >> now syrian activists say that rebel fighters have taken control of a strategic city in the country's northwest. it is in the idleb province that there have been days of fighting there. the group is targeting of the towns nearby. f

slaying indians by the hundred.hat i live nearby, must have prayed for my appearance in order that she might be saved. >> that's a lot of pressure when you can't do magic and they are telling people that you're a magic man. carson is very confident that he's a good leader but he's not the superman that the novels made them out to be. >> mrs. white's infant is never found and the incident haunts carson to the end of his days. as the indian wars drag on, atrocities mount on both sides. kit often holds gathering in his home to help strengthen fractured relations. fluent in several languages, including tribal sign, he's later appointed a federal indian agent for the utes. >> the utes were a special tribe to kit carson. he absolutely loved them. he rode with them, hunted with them, he knew them quite well. >> in 1858, carson's world erupts in chaos when gold is discovered in nearby colorado. within months, 100,000 prospectors invade the region and in their zeal to strike it rich start blasting their way through ancient h

creek indian.ly to indian territory was the dawes act. it essentially allotted land to people on the different nations' roles. they received an allotment of 160 acres. this allotment ended up sitting on top of one of the most productive oilfields in american history at the time. they drilled for oil about 20 miles south of tulsa. for a while, tom gilcrease is a young man, and he is a millionaire. and the united states at the time, the automobile is becoming a primary means of transportation. and then his business activities as a young man produced the wealth that allowed him to become the collector that he will become, to collect the art the anthropological, archaeological material, and the archival material. i think in many regards, the collection comes out of his native american ancestry. that will be a driving force in his collecting mission and vision. and then, i think he was also a very curious fellow. he was always wanting to know more. he was a lifelong learner. we use that term today. cont

is there an indian nation health care. no, no, no just a dusty history something that happened 300 years ago and say that is great. [laughter] s.c. gwynne:we cannot wait to read it. meaning good luck jack. i frankly do not care. i wanted to do well and we should all do things that we want to do. the fact is a lot of us write books but very few are interested in jumping back into history partly because, not to run them down but they have the attention span of an act. gosh ok matt. -- over and that =-- of a gnat. partly because the obvious lack of qualification. having a thesis ridden in in 1871 it is at the library although what i hear you can check your thesis out in the princeton library so my plan is to go check it out and take it somewhere and burn it. but i have not done that yet. and anyway, so i am just not this guy. i am not a historian not sitting in oklahoma university mulling over native american history so . so why does a reporter become interested something that happened in the faraway past? what got me interes

resilient, bold, and determined catlin returned to the life he most cherished: painting the indians of the americas. "i take an incredible pleasure in roaming through nature's trackless wild, and selecting my models where i am free and unshackled by the killing restraints of society." ( native man chanting ) ( piano music ) narrator: although she lived most of her adult life in france, mary cassatt was steadfastly american. she painted the world she knew best, a world of quiet elegance and feminine tradition. she painted her subjects boldly and truthfully with remarkable discipline and intelligence. in the 1870s mary cassatt discovered the work of edgar degas. she later wrote, "it changed my life. i saw art then as i wanted to see it." she painted her subjects honestly, as they were. the beauty of her finest work combines mastery of the human figure with superb composition. her pictures were tightly structured composed almost abstractly. cassatt painted fields of color, patterns on an incasingly flattened picture plane. somberiano music ) her study of japanese woodcuts inspired a serie

>> the majority of the indians . look at their history, they have been removed and trailed tears and the united states government and the military is their y can traditionalga enemy.ings d hoping they can gain more independence. it

more than that, you have 1.6 million people of indian origin who they call nonresident indians in indiaey are known as british indians. they have the maximum knowledge of doing business in india. there has not been -- this should have been used to see how joint ventures how the british promotion has been taken. so far, every government which gained always took laws and people who have not done business in india. now, my strong recommendation to the new prime minister, whoever comes, even if david is back in the chair, they should try to see how to use this intelligent pool which is existing in britain if we want to take an edge from european countries to build up our relations. secondly on the political side, britain should never treat india as a neighboring country. india is a democratic country with full on talents. a peaceloving country. they stand by what they say except all of the billions, except on the costs, somehow the policies are made here. they are made for asian policies. how can you compare the neighboring countries of india with india? so, india has to be treated independ

so were all plains indians. so were the native americans in the terms of treatment of captives and torture and revenge raids. if you are a historian in the field, you have to come to terms with that. it happened. i think there was -- perhaps i was a little my youth when i started writing, but i remember someone was interviewing me on the radio and a set -- set, did you not to stop and take a deep breath before you sat down and wrote a complete revision of history to native americans? i am thinking him a complete revision of history? what he meant was, there was a notion popular particularly in the 1960's and the best example would be a book called barry meyer heart at wounded knee -- barry -- bury my heart at wounded knee. they were nice, fundamentally decent people who were steamrolled by this culture that broke its treaties and destroyed them and massacred them. it was a one-sided deal. if you look at the command just come that simply is not true. the comanches were enormously powerful. yes, where they victimi

this includes indians from the battle of little bighorn.lifornia court valued atlanta $20 $1,000, the heir -- 20,000 the heir launches on a quest to prove them wrong. >> you made your own investment. not just your time but in the frames, how much was that. >> cost is about 50,000. but i felt we had to do it to show value of it. jamie: you are now financially invested in it as well as emotionally. >> there will never be another collection like this in the market. jamie: the collection provides a direct link to their past. here is a shot of a girl pranceing in the background of this footage shot in late 1920s. here is that little >> and here is that little girl now. >> thank you for coming by.o s i wanted to show you something. >> 90-year-old girdy heavy runner of the black foot nation. as she walked through the exhibit, she recognizes the elders from her own childhood. >> this man here i want to talk to you about juniper.hood >> juniper old person. >> juniper old person. he was a prominent man on the reservation where i grew up.on, he was an

indian royalty with palaces, the 1% of the 1%.himla is from a time before partition, when nearly the entire ruling class of british india would move to hill stations in the hotter months. shimla was once known as the queen of all hill stations. here, the colonials created england in miniature. complete with tudor architecture, rose gardens, afternoon tea. >> my grandfather, it was very difficult to describe, what did he do, well, quite frankly, nothing. but he entertained hugely. >> garden parties, fancy dress balls, elephant hunts. ♪ the remnants of british rule can still be seen and felt. this is particularly true of one house. chapslee. >> my family was very fortunate that they were able to buy this house, because it was a famous house. >> the house was purchased by reggie's grandfather, the last maharajah of kapurthala. those brits really left beautiful buildings. >> from a distance, it looks much the same as it must have when the maharajah slept here. check out the tub. ♪ >> locked in a constant battle against time and nature

it started from the indian side. within hours, we were on our way to evacuate indian delivering supplies. >>> police in burundi fired tear gas to disperse protesters demanders were angry that the president was seeking a third term in office. the president's party says he was elected by mps, not the people before his first term. >>> vote counting is underway in togo where they are seeking a third term. observers say the result will e close between him and opposition candidate. they ruled since 2005, taking over from his father who rule for the previous 38 years. >>> thousand protested in baltimore after the death of a black man in custody. freddie gray suffered a broken spine. >> high tensions between the police and protesters in baltimore. people are angry. there has been so few answers about the death of freddie gray, and are using the moment to let out frustrations against what they say is police mistreatment. several people are arrested. it got angry, and marred what was overwhelmingly a peaceful day of protest th

by 1865 a large part of the indian territory has been occupied by union forces and union indians loyal to the northern cause. eventually, as news comes out that the trans-mississippi department has been surrendered which does include this area, the different indian leaders will start to discuss among themselves internally within their tribes and amongst the other leaders of tribes and they will one by one approach union officers about cease-fires and ending the fighting. the first to do this is on june 19th is choctaw will announce their aa allegiance. down here in lower corner of the indian territory is doksville. near by is fort townsend. it was a trading post. it has been occupied all through the war. we don't know any details. we don't know what they talked about. it wasn't recorded and there's nothing left of it today. the last one is going to be on july 14th. the chicasaw will renegotiate terms of peace with the united states. the different indian groups will meet with united states representatives at fort smith, arkansas which is and again from the indian point of view, they ren

not concede they also reviewed indians as cultural the as others.nd officials invoke the doctrine of necessity which often would cause higher rates of casualties'. even so the protection does detailed reflected the ambivalence americans felt and responses to use sand creek show the response to the conviction and within days critics have leaders of the christian and organization added their voices to a rising tide of condemnation. publishing report field indiscriminately slaughtered indians and the paper printed that india's murdered by ever troops national since the demand punishment. calling it a disgraceful act unfit for the age that we live. over the next decade it came to symbolize an assault on women and children and tight indian writers would write on the attacks and religious leaders acknowledge the attacks but typically attributed them to fail policy improve actions by immigrants the willingness to condemn offenses to contextualize the indian was reflected many american sense that they were civilized enough to refrain from killing innocent b

this includes indians from the battle of little bighorn.,000, the heir -- 20,000 the heir launches on a quest to prove them wrong. >> you made your own investment. not just your time but in the frames, how much was that. >> cost is about 50,000. but i felt we had to do it to show value of it. jamie: you are now financially invested in it as well as emotionally. >> there will never be another collection like this in the market. jamie: the collection provides a direct link to their past. here is a shot of a girl pranceing in the background of this footage shot in late 1920s. here is that little girl now. thank you for coming by. i want to show you something. 90-year-old gurdy heavy runner, she recognizes the elders from own childhood. >> this person june june inner old person, she took care of all of the children, any time you didn't keep the curfew you had to see judge old person. >> without dave we would not have the native american side of the story. jamie: should that come in to play in the appraisal. >> yes says art appraiser barbara sto

absolutely. >> was one key point that the indian government was making quite early on saturday. that's something that's continued to be a talking point here. major telecom companies have slashed the rates of phone calls to nepal not just in terms of communication between the expert people who had the expertise here and those who need it in nepal but also nepalese and indians, there are thousands on either side to help people communicate better. the indian government said on saturday, which work is obviously continuing to make sure all communication lines are restored. they do realize that that's essential but what's really had a troubling factor at this point in time, the lack of communication is now potentially being hampered by bad weather or compounded by this weather of problem -- of this problem of weather and, also reaching people most in need. >> all right. the clock is ticking. time is of the essence. nitti dutt live in new delhi. india has been leading the international effort in nepal. a former ambassador to nepal explained the difficultics rescue user are facing in ge

>> there are a few updates from the indian side. there have been four air force planes that have been deployed from india to nepal carrying tons of relief aid and materials as well as relief response agents as well as sniffer dogs. the aid and the sniffer dogs now with the nepally current part to start operations relief and recovery and where they are need: however we do understand and we're following this in terms of the capacity of flights to land in cat man do kathmandu. that is still posing a challenge. there are suggestions that there are some ground efforts round up from the indian side into nepal in the coming days. we may see some of that mobile gas station. i know we've been talking about that. indian has suggested it is doing all it can to help communication lines to help india and nepal stay open and keeping in mind that there are many indians in nepal as well. restoring them and dropping the coal rates the indian government said that that's taking place to ensure that people can remain connect: the indian army has helped

we're hearing that two choppers from india, from the indian air force did try and did take off in india and headed towards nepal. but turned around and came back owing to bad weather. that just highlights again as subi na has mentioned with potential storms rolling in, a difficult time in terms of get morgue relief in before the morning. it will be interesting to see how things shape up on the indian side as well. >> i was going to ask you about the areas that have been affected. are they inaccessible or quite easy to get relief aid and workers in to? >> teams are being stationed there. in terms of accessibility look at, it's still quite early days, there may be more assessment toss take place on the indian side of the himalayan range tomorrow in the following days when it may shed more light on the conditions there. however, we're waiting to see the vast amount of news that come out of the indian government this afternoon has impact been of the kind of relief and response effort india is mobilizing from nepal. given that there could be suggestions that the focus area is not necessarily

on thursday, more than 300 indians who had escaped yemen returned home safely in two indian military aircraft. one of the planes landed which sent more nurses to yemen than any other indian state. >> translator: we worked at a hospital in yemen. we heard gunfire and the sound of an attack. the third time we heard it, we both ran down from the hospital and took a taxi to the superintendent's house. >> translator: we just grabbed whatever we could and fled. >> india's foreign ministry said on friday that it is planning to evacuate its citizens from yemen's capital sanaa which has a large concentration of indian nationals. >> if all goes well, we hope that we will be able to begin our air evacuations from sanaa. we also intend, subject to receiving all clearances, to repatriate approximately 500 of our nationals from sanaa to djibouti and later tomorrow they will come back home. >> the indian foreign ministry says it has so far rescued about 700 of its nationals. meanwhile, china says it has helped ten countries evacuate 225 of their citizens from the conflict ridden country including 1

the american indian -- once again, grant had great sympathy for the american indians and one of the things he wanted to do was improve their lives. he wanted to clean up the indian bureaus. get rid of the political appointees as agents who were really the front-line people out of the west representing public government policy, and return it to religious organizations, to serve for those federal indian agencies. but although this is a great humanitarian notion, approach to the indian policy, it still had a fundamental flaw. and that was the primary means to change the indian culture. grant hopes they would become self sustaining farmers and would be it eligible to vote. but the indians resisted that kind of change. generals like sherman and sheridan thought no, probably extermination is the best policy. during the latter part of grant 's administration, incidents set off worker once again. although he continued to keep the religious organizations in place, there was warfare out west during the latter part of his administration. so overall i think it is a mixed record of achievements. but th

secretary i'd like to talk about renewable energy production on indian lands. our tribes in minnesota and elsewhere have tremendous renewable energy resources in minnesota, biomass and wind and solar too but in, i mean, if you've been to arizona, you know there's tremendous solar there and with distributed energy as a goal and microgrids as a goal i would like to see the energy team up with indian energy to pilot programs there for micro grids and distributed energy because it would great jobs in indian country and be a wonderful place for us to pilot program -- you know, cutting edge technology and to see where that leads. so i think -- i would just recommend to you thinking about indian, you know, when senator king talked about storage as the word used in "the graduate" plastics, it wouldn't. the point of the line was to make fun of the guy. storage is really cool and really cutting edge. as the form erer satirist, storage would not be used instead of practices, and i take tremendous issues with the senator from maine. >> where did you go joe d demaggio. >> v

as far as the indian side as well india's foreign minister, says there will be more to come. more expertise and more specific experts and relief aid will be sent from india depending on the scale and enormity of what we're looking at in nepal at the moment. >> okay dlit liddy dutt there liddy, thank you. >>> what exactly caused that quake? over time, that's how the himalayas were created. the strongest earthquake there year, a 7.8 magnitude. at relatively short department, 17 or 18 meters below the surface. survivors described how a wall of snow and ice slammed into a section of the camp. climbers are stuck at camps 1 and 2 further up the mountain. last year an avalanche killed nearly 40 people. >> mt. everest when the avalanche hit. he filmed these pictures as the rescue effort got underway. pictures from south side base camp showed flattened tents and blocks of rock scattered around the area deep in snow. one climber who survived the avalanche by running from his tent posted a desperate appeal on twitter. many dead much more badly injured, more to die if not heli safe se. r

they assumed that indian women would form a new kinds of marriages once free from indian men domination. the casualties focused on difficult questions about civilian casualties but relied on the tropes of imperial dumbest a city that categorize indian women as a particular kind of innocent. similar to the indian war outcry over president obama's expanded program includes imperial thomaston city rhetoric of protecting and liberating women. critics of the program points to high numbers of casualties. religious leaders and writers in the press also criticize high civilian casualty rates invoking the wall of the principles as well as the theory to argue that the program must be radically altered if not ended altogether. contemporary law of war includes regulation for the conduct and provide for the distinction directing over drinks for distinguished combatants and civilians. like his predecessor president obama had a warped law on the principles and the drone of policy specifically. the administration officials have stated that it wouldn't be consistent in the wall of the war to continue in

we are joined from new delhi, the indian capital. after aftershocks felt as far away as india. >> yes, we have felt them here for a few seconds, a fair amount of shaking causing anxiety across the northern belt. there has been an update as a result of that aftershock and that is that the indian defence ministry said it is suspending relief effort for the next few hours after that aftershock. as a result of that, you hear commercial flights are departed new delhi. because the airport is closed the lights have turned around and they are coming back to new delhi or redirected across the country. in terms of the district or nepal, and particularly relief and those in charge of the operations trying to get in and help nepal, those operations are at a standstill as a result of what we have had ongoing in nepal in the last few days. >> it's bad, because india has taken a leading role in the humanitarian response to this disaster. >> absolutely that's an important point to make given the tonnes of india. it started yesterday in the ours afte

>> the majority of the indians . look at their history, they have been removed and trailed tears and the united states government and the military is their y can traditionalga enemy.ings d hoping they can gain more independence. it's natural. things turn around at the end ofho the war. it's because of the treatment of a the united states government andnce back the homeland and we settled in oklahoma. they had a chance to end it. thank you. >> for those who have more questions for bert he is in the lobby signing his book so you can ask your questions there. >> you have been watching american history tv. more from the seminar on the closing of the civil war in 1865. coming up the battles of sailor's creek and the battle of appomatlox. >> later today, the ceremonies marking the 150th anniversary. in april of 1865 confederate general robert e lee met ulysses s grant andsz/ endered his army of northern virginia ending introduce our next speaker. dr. coles: our second speaker is casey clabough. casey is a professor at lync

this is a treaty with the cherokee indians and other tribes in 1836, actually very early 1836. it is signed february 23 which was right at the beginning of the siege of the alamo. this was work done by sam houston who had always had a close relationship with the cherokees. and the significance of this was that the texans wanted to try to be sure that the cherokees and other bands of native americans would be either neutral or on the side of the texan colonists and they do not want to side with mexico if hostilities arose. this was something that had been worked on for some months but with war with mexico impending there was much urgency to get this signed. unfortunately, these -- the stipulations of the treaty were not honored and the cherokee did not get their lands and the major sigatory on here was colonel duali. he was killed in 1839 at the battle of natchez in northeast texas and the rest of the cherokee, most of them had to cross the border into indian territory which is now oklahoma. this contains the signatures or the marks of the indians who participated in it as well

indian commandos finally arrived.their assault on the lashkar attackers was broadcast on television. sajid mir, in karachi, watched live. >> rotella: but there was something else. the documents leaked by edward snowden say that just hours after the mumbai attack began, british spies realized something incredible. they could spy on the attack control room. >> as the attack is happening, gchq noticed that they can start collecting, or listening in, on the command center. >> rotella: it included access to shah's electronic communications >> they can essentially watch over zarrar shah's shoulder as the attack happens. you have, in theory, access to all of the websites that they visit, you know, things that they're looking on google maps the whole bore of everything they're doing at any given time. >> rotella: shah's computer was serving as a direct line for sajid mir to the attackers at chabad house, his voice crystal clear as he talked with ukasha one of the attackers. (gunshots) (rapid gunfire) >> rotella: the gunshots

but these indian workers now face an uncertain future.en a week since isil stormed the yarmouk refugees camp in syria, now attempts are being maids to get palestinians out. more on that. stay with us. only on al >> al jazeera america international news. shining a light on the untold stories. >> believe in yourself and you'll get there. >> making the connections to the bigger picture. >> shouldn't you have been tougher? >> get the international news you need to know. al jazeera america. ♪ >>> welcome back. the top stories here on al jazerra, the saudi-led air strikes against houthi fighters in yemen have continued. teheran is sending ships to the gulf of aidan they say as a parts of an anti piracy mission. but u.s. secretary of state john kerry says iran is providing support for the houthi forces. >>> a jury in the u.s. has convicted dzhokhar tsarnaev on 30 count relating to the 2013 boston mayor tonight bombing which killed three people and injured 260. a jury will now decide whether he should be sentenced to death or spent spends the res

the american indian -- once again, grant had great sympathy for the american indians and one of the things he wanted to do was improve their lives. he wanted to clean up the indian bureaus. get rid of the political appointees as agents who were really the front-line people out of the west, representing public government policy, and return it to religious organizations, to serve for those federal indian agencies. but although this is a great humanitarian notion, approach to the indian policy, it still had a fundamental flaw. and that was the primary means to change the indian culture. grant hopes they would become self sustaining farmers and would be it eligible to vote.

, they are very good with indians, we are afraid there will be nothing tomorrow after the war. you cannot go and do anything when they start looting there, you know, houses. >> reporter: as their debts grow these people wonder how long they can survive sitting at home. faiz jamil, al jazerra. >>> a white south carolina police officer has been fired off he was charged with murder for fatality shooting an unarmed black man in the town of north charleston. >> no racist police. no justice no peace. >> protesters are demanding an end to what they say is the targeting and killing of african americans by the police. the mayor of north charleston says every police officer will now wear a body camera. this latest fatal shooting has revived the debate of abuse police buy police officers and focusing attention on the u.s. justice system, here is tom ackerman. >> reporter: when police policeman in ferguson missouri escaped prosecution for killing unarmed black men last year. street protests broke out across the country the death of walter scott another weaponless man at the hands of a sout

within hours, the indian air force was on its way to evacuate indians to deliver relief supplies. >> foreigners have been queueing at the arrest port trying to catch a flight out. passenger flights have been delayed or cancelled. locals and foreign tourists have spent a cold and wet night sleeping there. some with little food or water. >> there was a piece of paper saying a flight it been cancelled from 9:00 o'clock this morning. that's the only information we have had. >> earthquake happened so we stay here for a whole night. it's cold. no food no water. no camp. we want to go home. >> the commit of the red cross helped reunite people friends or relatives in nepal. the address for that site is on your screen right now. you can go there to search or register for a missing person and also see a list of the missing and those who have been found. in burundi two people have been killed after police opened fire. hundreds have been protesting against president numberdecision to seek a third term in. supporters say he is eligible as he was chosen by mps rather than the public. malcolm web h

we're also hearing from the indian real ways being involved, sending water to nepal from india, which is a necessity as we're hearing at the moment. just going back to that point about mt. everest. this evening we're hearing in india that the indian armies everest expedition team was on everest at the time. they have reportedly recovered 18 bodies of mountaineers from everest who were reportedly killed in avalanches that resulted or were triggered as a result of the quake. we'll be keeping up-to-date with that story given that the indian army appears to be on the scene there. but recovery and relief efforts on the indian side aren't as widespread as we're looking at 40 people confirmed dead as a result of the earthquake from nepal. the indian sides we are side is mobilizing enough forces and expertise to get help across to nepal at the moment. >> thank you. >> the reason why this quake is significant, it's strength, 7.8 very power and it was shallow 10 to 15 kilometers down below. let's hear from dr. bapti the head of seismology who said that aftershocks will be likely for the next se

after the earthquake hit nepal and within hours, the indian air force was on its way to evacuate indians, to deliver refugee supplies. >> the international committee of the red cross set up a website to help try to reunite people with friends or relatives in nepal. the address for that site is on your screens now. go there to search for or register a missing person and you can see a list of the missing and those who have been found. ♪ >>> two people have been killed in burundi after police opened fire on demonstrators protesting against the president seeing a third term in office in defiance after two-term limit. supporters say he is eligible for another term because he was originally chosen by mps rather than the public. malcolm webb has the latest from the capital. >> at sunrise this morning small crowds and protestors gathered in several suburbs. protesters started cheering and chanting. police fired tear gas for a couple of hours as the protesters dispersed, each time they came back in larger and larger numbers. they were starting to roadblock and the police managed to keep the upper

you come from india bifurcation, there are wealthy smart highly educated indians and poor indians. we have more people out of poverty having them earn more india is going the right direction but the problem is like most of the developing world, bifurcated. it is not the case in america certainly becoming the case. if you are wealthier in this country you are getting richer and if you're not you're not getting ahead. who are the innovators who will offset -- >> i would disagree with you on that last staple ali respect friday. i don't think it's the wealthy that are getting wealthier, it is on the people that are on the right side of the 21st century who get the right kind of education and apply themselves in ways that they can leverage that education. so i think it's about having the right tools and the right skills to be able to flourish in civilization 3.0 world. but clearly, there will be dislocation and there willing challenges and i do believe at this time it will be harder than what we saw with the industrial revolution. because we're talking about replacing some of the most h

. >>> an indian farmer died during a protest over a land bill. prime minister narendra modi has been accused of not doing enough to help cope with cropping damage. we have this report. >> this is the body of the a farmer. >> translation: a man commits suicide when all ways of his life are closed. he had to take the step. >> reporter: he lost his life in front of hundreds in new delhi. the rally was organised by the common man party. it accused the police of not doing enough to prevent his death. >> translation: police were acting like mute spectators, we urged them to take actions. they had to do what we were not supposed do. our members scaled the tree and took the man down. he has become a casualties n a rising trend of suicide. many former suicides every day. >> in the state alone. 601 farmers took their lives. many have been in the cotton belt. >>> opposition olympic games the indian government for failing to protect interesting saying the government's shift from subsidy to investment is pushing low income farmers to the brink >>> what happen

during the plate motion the indian towards the eurasian. there's no predict. given a likelihood and area expected. >> can you see a time in the future when we will be able to predict or be more specific about the forecasting? >> that's a difficult question. many are watching on this. we don't - as i said we don't call it prediction we call the research on earthquake predictability. we need to find out the processes and death that leads to the mutilation of an earthquake. and how can we measure the processes and quantify them in the space and time. it's hard. there are scientists that may try to understand the problem. it may take 50 years, maybe we will never be able to do that. professor, the same awful 7.8 mag ni tute earthquake could have happened in california and the loss of life would have been less. what role does city planning and preparation play in things like this? >> yes, that's a good question. you know being prepared is the main factor. we cannot predict it, earthquakes, and prepare, but we can build buildings and mitigation once the disaster str