faced disillusion as states made indian land available to white farmers and indian people disappear into the amorphous category of free people of color. in virginia lost much land in the '30s after state legislature provided for allotment of reservations that dated to the 17th century. in 1831, north carolina required the remainder of an 18th century tuscarora reservation which left landless those tuscaroras who remained in north carolina. in 1840 over a barrel of rum catawba proceeded to south carolina, their reservation. they proceeded to relocate them to north carolina, ending bankruptly when the north carolina governor got wind of it. in recompense for the acres seceded they had largely worthless clay hills that could not support them. the fervor that surrounded indian removal often led to dispossession by individuals. in louisiana, for example, the biloxis left all but 130 acres when a white man fenced much of their holdings for himself, charged several indian women with trespassing on the track and shot the chief who protested his actions. removed, therefore, was more encompas

for the indian budget. this document outlines our vision for investing in the future of our america and stabilizing the indian budget. it will create reliable, safe

we do realize that the urban indian population is a population of indian people in the urban areas are growing. many of our people have left because of a lack of job opportunities, a lack of programs and lack of access to those opportunities in and around our local communities. the tribal governments themselves are looking at opportunities to assist those tribal members. it's very difficult a time particularly in those areas where the dollars are limited and because federal dollars are appropriated and utilized by those that are benefited within that local community. and so i know that ncai and some of our partner organizations have looked at how we can help those people in those urban areas particularly in the health care arena we have some urban health care centers that provide health care and access to health care for those who reside in those areas about but those are limited. we don't have those in all the areas we need. we simply have a few, a handful of those health care centers. we need more. but it's a very difficult question and one that we continue to work on. jackie, would

of indian nations address. topics included the economic status of american indians and tribal relations with the federal government. congressman tom cole of oklahoma, a member of the nation respond to the speech the we also hear remarks from the senate indian affairs committee chairman and vice chairman. this is 1:20. >> good morning, my name is jacqueline peta, and i would look to welcome you here to our state of indian nation ease vent. ncai is the largest, the oldest, and organization in washington, d.c. representing the tribal governments across the country. i would look to welcome our distinguished guests to washington, d.c. we have many folks listening to us across the country. to watch the state of 2012 state -- state of indian nations address. across the country we have students, tribal citizens, and leaders, and have gathered in the schools, and sent tircenter watch together. among many events across the country we are pleased mr. star's history class in santa fe, new mexico is joining us. we have univ

i believe there is a severe injustice to our indian people. the eastern band of cherokee is not affected but we stand beside our brothers, all 565 of them, to address this issue and give us the economic opportunities and give us the land base to continue to protect our sovereignty and give is that right. i appreciate my time today and it is good to be back in d.c. and may god bless you and the decisions of the committee and is great united states. thank you. >> thank you very much, chief, for your testimony. now chairman shepard, please proceed with your testimony. >> thank you. [speaking native american] i am honored to be here and represent thi testimony. on behalf of the great plains tribes consisting of 16 sovereign nations. we have the largest geographical and base of any region in the united states with over 11 million acres. cartwright said a total population of over will -- our tribes have a total population of 160 million people. we're not adequately funded. no unit of government can or should ever be asked to operate essential servic

the indian removal act passed in 1830 accomplished the dispossession of the five large southern indian nations that held land in common. the cherokees, chickasaw, choctaws, creeks and seminoles. by 1842, most of their citizens and tribal governments are in what is today eastern oklahoma. nonetheless, a few remained behind. cherokees in southern apalachicola, a, creeks on the gulf coastal plain and choctaw scattered over central mississippi and louisiana. in addition, thousands of indian people, whom the united states never threatened with removal lived in the region on small tribal plots, individually owned farms or public lands. as they took up former i saidian land, white southerners stopped thinking very much about the indian people who remained in the region. they kept some indian place names, especially for natural features but also make changes so mountain peaks came to commemorate white men, indian scriptures lakes and waterfalls and settlements with new names rose on the ruins of native towns. newcomers interested in the productivity of the land and in the labor of enslaved afr

deputy director of indian affairs and keith moore, the director of the bureau of indian education. next we welcome the director of health services at the department of human services. >> let me just thank you for your patience and i have been looking forward to this hearing. so would you please proceed with your testimony? >> thank you, chairman icacka. we have previously submitted a written statement, but i will summarize my statement to begin with. we thank you for this opportunity to provide the department a statement on the fiscal year 2013 president's budget request. the 2013 budget request for indian affairs within the department of the interior totals 2$2.5 billion in current appropriations, this is 4.6 million below this year's enacted level which amounts to a redp reduction of 2.1%. on the budget through the tribal interior budget council. and through this informed consultation with tribes, we included in this budget request $43.8 million in program increases in priority areas such as contract support costs, rights protection implementation and law enforcement. and chairma

you said, believes that indian tribes should be held harmless. these budgeting priorities directly impact lives of our native people. and, you know, we've received, you know, various grants and through contracts and et cetera and just a couple of examples. the ihs -- i know there's been some small increase there this year but we have historically seen where surgeries have been postponed that were not life threatening but were critical and, again, with my travels throughout the nation there's a lot of need out there that has to be met. our hospital is currently funded at 60% of the current levels that it should have. and luckily and, again, we're blessed by having the resources to supplement that. but, again, you know today many tribes don't have that same opportunity. and, you know, i hope that as we go through this

protecting the indian budget is the first step. the long-term success depends on tribal nations having the same opportunities to protect and preserve our communities available to state and local governments. we exercise jurisdiction over lands that would make us the fourth largest state in this n country. with dozens of programs previously administered by the federal agencies or states. and we protect environments in a manner states regulate off reservation lands. tribal governments have proven their capacity to grow our economies, educate our people and manage our resources. we need the federal government to put decision making power back in the hands of the people who live in indian country, for people who know best -- [ applause ] for people who know best because these are our homelands. these are our people. the old way of doing business causes missed opportunities every day. in washington state we saw this firstis hand. the tribe had worked out a deal with walmart for a big new store on the reservation. it was a great opportun

for one thing, the indians were fighting on their home territory. they had their village with women and children in it on the site, and this always motivated them to fight fiercely to protect their women and children. they even, most likely, had better weapons than the troopers that they faced. so there were many reasons why they, in fact, had the advantage. they attacked from a concealed position, whereas the troopers were out in the open. when custer did divide his command, in fact, it's pretty clear that he was just doing it as a reconnaissance rather than formulating a battle strategy. he would have done that later had it been possible. but by the time he discovered the extent of the village--how large it was--it was too late. c-span: how many indians were there? >> guest: probably at least 3,000. and... c-span: how many were killed? >> guest: three thousand warriors, i'm talking about. and many more in terms of dependents. we don't really know. the indians always maintained that they had very light casualties. and the reason we don't know is be

knowing that those cuts will run deep into its trust obligations to indian tribes. there is a duty to look at alternative sources of increasing revenue into tribal budget, into our treasuries and there are many, many other creative ways strategic ways to garner precious dollars and resources outside of federal appropriations with the private-sector, with small business development investment. so to answer the question it would be devastating and that want requires a positive duty to look at other approaches to funding our most basic services. >> again, i go back to my comments about the principal foundation is, you know, before you cut the programs, understand what the needs of the service are, and, again, i don't believe in across the board cuts. i think that, you know, potentially they are detrimental whether it's a large and or small service that's being provided. so you know, i believe that as this budget process rolls out, again, that's my recommendation. let's look at the needs of the people and again, native peoples needs are just as important as anybody in t

he talks about the early years of the freniend and indian war. the conflict in north america pitted the french and their indian allies against the british and their american colonial subjects. this is an hour and 20 minutes. >> welcome to our class of colonial history at the university of texas at arlington. arlington. today our subject is the seven years war or the french and indian war. and as the two names tell us, this war has at least a dual meaning, really multi-faceted meaning because it was a conflict fought in various areas of the globe. it was a conflict that began in 1754 in north america and through that beginning of the war in north america france and britain came to be at war with each other. and formally in europe france and britain went to war against each other in 1756. by that time, as we'll see, their colonies in north america and their forces in north america were already joined in conflict so to understand the french and indian war as it's traditionally called in american u.s. history and also the seven years war, one has to

today our subject is the seven years war or the french and indian war. and as the two names tell us, this war has at least a dual meaning, really multi-faceted meaning because it was a conflict fought in various areas of the globe. it was a conflict that began in 1754 in north america and through that beginning of the war in north america france and britain came to be at war with each other. and formally in europe france and britain went to war against each other in 1756. by that time, as we'll see, their colonies in north america and their forces in north america were already joined in conflict so to understand the french and indian war as it's traditionally called in american u.s. history and also the seven years war, one has to put it in a very broad perspective of north american history and even european history of course and looking beyond europe to the competition between empires, especially france and britain in various corners of the globe. the war would be fought in north america where it began. it was joined in europe on a large scale and invol

of indian education.next, we welcome the honorable yvette roubideaux, director of indian health service, department of health and human services. accompanying ms. roubideaux is mr. randy grenell, deputy director of the indian health service. let me just thank you for your patience, and i've been looking forward to this hearing. so secretary echo hawk, would you please proceed with your testimony? >> thank you, chairman akaka. we have previously submitted a written statement, but i will summarize my statement to begin with. we thank you for this opportunity to provide the department statement on the fiscal year 2013 president's budget request. the 2013 budget request for indian affairs within the department of the interior totals 2.5 billion in current appropriations. this is 4.6 million below last years enacted level, which amounts to a reduction of two-tenths of 1%. as you know, indian affairs meets with tribes on a quarterly basis on the budget through the tribal interior budget council, and through thi

and this man who was a catholic said to the western indians, my brothers, we domesticated indians, this is translated from french, from a journal, we thank you for having to come to help us to defend our lands against the english who wish to exploit them. our cause is good, and the master of life favors it. we admire the fine deed you have just accomplished on the lake, lake george. the french called it lac st. sacrament, the lake, the holy sacrament. it is stained red with the blood of englishmen, and the english who ventured on that lake with their whale boats, mostly men from the province of new jersey were decimated by the natives in their canoes who took many prisoners, 150, killed many men and scalped others. bougainville talked -- and you get the sense of the alliance that is of different elements, french and the native. it doesn't mean they are always going to be looking at the world the same way, hardly, in fact. not at all. look at what bougainville writes about the natives particularly coming from the western region or what the french called the upper country. the cruelties a

early as colonial wars against the indians. there is a poem by -- oh, the massachusetts poet, maybe one of you know a woman about an indian war, a famous black woman. i'm having a senior moment. but she wrote this wonderful poem about -- lucy -- yes! the deerfield massacre. she wrote about the deerfield massacre with indian warfare. in the south, it was less often that blacks actually were armed to fight indians. when they were, it was such -- it was such a big event that they were often freed. as a matter of fact, in the north, by the time of the revolution, many of the one in seven blacks in washington's army had been indian war veterans. one of my favorite veterans whose descendents i met was a free cambridge, massachusetts cooper in the revolution. he had been a vet of the french and indian wars. and he was at bunker hill. he was at bunker hill. he played -- there's nothing that makes the british run. he was a drummer soldier. many, many -- many blacks went to the revolution for varied reasons. they went for two levels of f

investments in iran we've had we've seen indian financial organizations including the r.b.i. having. their drug. dealings with iran through the neutral countries the you was a drawn and now you're dealing with iran too. and there is a lot of pleasure financially and politically on india too destructive to business with iran and washington has had some limited success but i feel that india will find partners which are willing to engage with iran and can you would to look to the point of going to realize and willing partners you know it's almost as if india finds itself in sort of a tricky situation between a rock and a hard place having to balance energy needs with its strategic partnerships with major powers what do you think it's going to do. well it is a delicate situation for india we have to acknowledge the other india is of caused to iran's nuclear program and so it will abide by international law that is what has passed away the united nations it is skeptical of the united states is illusion in this case which is why it's going slow on pushing the american agenda in the

to keep the rights of the indian. people and also to make the government i'm sure the treaties and to make on that to you know to hold them to that i don't know of anyone but russell means i could have done that and i could maybe still do it but i know russell means is not doing well that he's sick and he's all these or he's getting older you know. the spring or the fall. can. last. in my. commentary can. cut my hair. you know where that means someone you love or close to. bad and you cut your head in mourning. well i've cut my hair because my people are dying. through moans and i find out i'm dying. cancer of the. spread to my lungs and my limp. neck. a few months or more accrued of the darkness i have a few months or more and. there's that there's the blue. i don't care how religious this for some reason is afraid of death. for that. even teaches stream south but there's a better. another silent. that really engine we just know there's another side and we have our ancestors and oh about our lives on the other side i

. >> this doctor is editor of an indian medical ethics journal.'t just with fingerprints on consent forms. it's also using money to draw desperate people into the drug studies. does that violate the law? >> of course it does. >> some don't find out about the risks until it's too late. this father of this 19-year-old believes his son died from being in a drug trial. >> translator: he went for the study and became weak. he was a healthy kid. he had no physical problems, and suddenly he lost his life. p. >> his you thinkuncle, like the rest of the family still grieving. the indian government reports that more than 1500 people have died in clinical trials here since 2008, but that happen doesn't seem to stop people from flocking to them. >> translator: people are known to go and line up the night before often sleeping by the streets. >> few people know more about e supply of human guinea pigs than this man. that's because he recruits them. he's badpaid about $12 for every person he brings into a clinical trial. it's a good living he says. he tells us

many indians believe however the government should focus on getting health care to its own people birth nor particular state government has succeeded in putting in the number of doctors there is there is no i won't go that far more resources are required this do significant capacities in translating those resources and direction. as new nation or ra is well on his way to a full recovery gopal thing is losing hope experts say it's down to the government to take care of the poor in india says that but as long as the country's public health funding remains among the lowest in the world it is due to lag behind preassure either r t new delhi india. twenty four minutes past the hour a look now at some other international news stories for you but army forces in south korea are conducting security drills ahead of a two day summit on the use of nuclear power around the world leaders from fifty countries are expected to return with last year's disaster likely to dominate the talks this nations will focus on how to strengthen atomic safety and prevent acts of nuclear terrorism. in italy's capital

things story isn't unique every year millions of indians wait outside of government hospitals hoping to get the treatment they need according to the supreme court indians below the poverty line are supposed to get access to free health care and government hospitals without leave as many indians who are technically above the poverty line but still extremely for with no affordable health care. there is a severe shortage of doctors in india would stun study indicating that there could be as few as point six doctors for every thousand people in india compared to two point six million ited states that means dr that private hospitals can charge a premium for their services. on the other side of the sidewalk outside this private hospital are clear of one. who needs for rides recovering from his operation and paid thirty dollars a day for a bed in this private hospital he says the extra cost isn't worth it it's easier to you treated here and also i get the medicine on time on many things the indian government is actually widening the gap between rich and poor in their at philippi to accept h

companies having said that it is interesting that some of the indian corporations that recently went on a export promotion board but you don't remain anonymous so they're they're not seen as you know falling into the dragnet of american sanctions so individual indian corporations might be worried about their facing financial sanctions from the u.s. system and being tried out of the dollar tree and of the u.s. banking and destruct market systems but i think as a team india is pretty confident that it can continue trading with iran for its own interests and that it's not going to give in could be any kind of pressure whatsoever india still gets around twelve percent of its oil from iran is the islamic republic's third biggest oil consumer i didn't quite understand could we see these american penalties actually being applied. i don't think so my argument is that basically that there will be pressure from a section of the american establishment especially from congress but many to the counter balance why i can demonstrate in understanding what my think they believe because you know in th

overcrowding in public hospitals is just one of many elements the indian health care system is suffering with no sign of a cure the huge gap between rich and poor forces scores of people to queue for months to get affordable treatment that amid growing discontent that the government is encouraging medical tourism and forgetting about patients at home street or now reports. it's lunchtime at this government hospital in delhi and hundreds of indians are camped outside the medical facility waiting hoping and praying that they might get let inside. go posting hasn't been working for three months and claims that he was supposed to have an operation birth hernia today but now doctors are telling him that his operation will cost almost three times more than he initially thought they were going to look for. coming to very much hospital supposed three months early in the morning with an empty stomach for different kinds of tests are used to come in the morning to get an appointment or mute for even the evening now i can't go to don't know it's impossible. things story is that you need every year

to keep the rights of the indian. people and also to make the government honor the treaties and to make it to you know to hold them to that i don't know of anyone but rest some means i could have done that and i could say it's maybe still do it but i know rusty means is just not doing well that is sick and he's old these are getting older you know. the spring or the fall. comin. you know when. someone you love are close. and you cut your head in mourning. well i cut my hair because my people are buying . clothes and only three months later i found out i'm dying. of cancer of the. spread to my lungs and my limp dance. a few months or more crews of the darkness and i have a few months in mind of them but here's the here's the beauty. i don't care how religiously this for some reason is a prison. for the. teachers three i'm sorry but there's a better. i'm never signed where we don't know that really and people really just know there's another side and we have our ancestors oh about their lives only other side liberals on

i suspect the indian case is a bit newer. a little more fresh. >> yeah, yeah, it will be interesting to kind of compare and contrast. >> yeah, we'll do that. it will be interesting. it will be interesting to see who wins hands down. across the united states, north career yeah's plans to launch what's happening long range rocket is highly provocative. the announcement comes just weeks after the long range missile tests. north korea insists the rocket in april. japan has also denounced the rocket launch, saying it violates u.n. security council resolutions. >> thanks for that, christine. meantime, coming up next in the show, we're going to look ahead at the latest data expected to show a pick up in consumer sentiment and industrial production. we're going to discuss it next. carfirmation. only hertz gives you a carfirmation. hey, this is challenger. i'll be waiting for you in stall 5. it confirms your reservation and the location your car is in, the moment you land. it's just another way you'll be traveling at the speed of hert

cost is worth it it's easier to get treated here and also i get the medicine on time many say the indian government is actually widening the gap between rich and poor in there at philippi to access health care by offering tax incentives and subsidized plan to private hospitals in the hope of attracting medical tourists from abroad many indians believe however the government should focus on getting health care to its own people first particular state or government has succeeded in putting in they had a good number of doctors there is no won't go that far more resources are required to significantly leg incapacities in translating those resources and direction. as a nation are rising well on his way to a full recovery go paul saying is losing hope experts say it's down to the government to take care of the poor in india society but as long as the country's public health spending remains among the lowest in the world it is due to lag behind preassure either new delhi india and from our top stories is only a couple of minutes away status. well for. science technology innovation all the ways

to experience life as a part of the american indian look kota trying. you know when you're stuck in a concentration camp. linden reservations. you see understand we have no rights no reservations none. of. my house because your own not. really can do anything about. temperature and jail. time for anything to you. have no rights. on a good day to want to let the bird people. make the ditches alcohol drugs to suicide . for the good. i predict you will speak to our young people but they will know what it is you're for to start speaking to them and not that of the evil one. you know right from the f.s.f. eat meat here in america and it really shocks me. that we are people that think that those shallow. and so zebrafish know that we are such a hit me give me everything. you know you don't do that. she will be truly i wonder what will happen to us here in america when god says to take away. he said and you know it's coming it is coming i tell you god it's coming when god it's take away from us here in america. something. come to watch this. very much and do i

in the singular, american indian culture. i wanted to play it for you to give you an example of what might be considered traditional style because after this i'd lake to bring up two guests and play two arrangements that were created especially for this festival that bring in both the irish american and the urban indian. so this is a cedar flute song for you. (playing flute) so now that you have a little bit of powwow and a little bit of cedar flute in your ears, i would like to invite two guests up to perform for you, two arrangements which i made especially for today. first, rita lindall, rita and i are both in the same cohort as the music program at uc berkley and we've been saying for 4 years, we need to play music. so we finally made it happen. so, rita lindall, and then masuro koga. mas and i have been playing together for a very long time, so much so that we wore the same shirt without having to talk to each other about it. mas is in high demand both as a teacher and as a session side man, having played with everybody

shooting the buffalo dead to start out the indians here blankfein and jamie dimon j.p. morgan are starving out the poor people of america hope when they just die and go away that's their all play. kaiser report in about ten minutes here on r t where india has come up with a new initiative to get each of its billion citizens registered and electronic database they'll get a new idea cards allowing an easier access to basic services but authorities priya sridhar reports from new delhi there are fears a project could turn the country into a police state. it's been entirely theban teen years but he still can't get access to benefits because it's ration card is registered back home for those like him india has come up with a twenty first century solution. cross that has begun to get every indian fingerprints and iris scans in one massive d.d.p. this code can be used for various purposes like answering the question codes and receiving russian is will solve the consulate carrying many documents that should make sure everyone can receive the help they need wherever they are one

shooting the buffalo dead to starve out the indians here blankfein and jamie diamond j.p. morgan are starving out the poor people america hoping they just die and go away that's their all play. cards a report in an hour here on our team making life easier for the poor might be a noble task but it's close some controversy in israel solar panels providing electricity to palestinians are under threat of demolition and israeli authorities say no official permission was given to install the panels but activists say the real agenda could be darker as are his posts lior reports. in the remote hilltops of south hebron the ancient between tribe ekes out a living from the land but they've unwittingly become the latest thorn in the side of the israeli government now. this by any means make any real security threat to the israeli government but the support of earth was on the agenda when the german foreign minister met with his israeli counterparts at the center of the conflict these wind and solar generators which while putting electricity to and lighting up the lives of some four hu

all of where do you only have a look at all of the bin in the indian deal. with no official identity men like black in a stuck in a bureaucratic no man's land britain won't deport them unless they can prove who they are and where they came from each case has to be dealt with individual and some can be complex with many not having trouble documents or not wishing to comply with the documentation process in the cases of indian nationals we continue to work with the high commission to speed up the time it takes to return them to their home country. nearly thirteen thousand illegal immigrants left the u.k. voluntarily last year according to pulling in numbers over just six years such is the desperation to leave this car park east to be a busy pickup spot for manual labor but now there's nothing this is where the men waits looking for work every morning hoping to be picked up and paid for a day's labor the day though like most days they wait isn't this before the downturn was earning up to three hundred pounds a week now he's lucky to get fifteen pounds a day doi

on the out of the indian eats you can die. for. her. knowledge ever since my children were little since i was little the whole family colors. keep in our tradition the number dance team you're getting all the kids busy interested. in traveling different places we get to go all over the country you know there's cars everywhere so we get like want to go. after we get danny going to terrorists. she says this is not. a. crew for thirty. so this is white clay nebraska you know where they say they have four establishment that sell beer and most liquor beer regular beer and then later and what you see is you see a lot of bars in there people lost hope in and just last through a this is this little community has four very sad the streets and it's right on the border of the fine ridge reservation so there's a lot of talk about different things so. i'm not down to the software's i slotted into into that into the stats sheesh i hit that ball so hard it went into the stats. my first start of my first game all you crusaders booed me food didn't like

in all kinds of educating kids out of it for all kinds of busy weather rigs indian or italian a chinese i mean i don't find it difficult i find the markets are very very stopped so the markets are much show much more international than what they used to be and the number of supermarkets definitely has an east in a lot. of you ever wondered where your food and actually comes from especially in the middle of a cold snowy winter how fresh and clean is the salad in the plastic packet. well this next company featuring its busy factory floor my it's a concept some of those questions. they are. meaning white's country house is a group of companies for the production of fresh cut salads in one of its businesses just look at the amount of machines in this room it has the capacity of fifty tons of ready products. a vegetarian seven kids eat whizzing unwary in order to get you the most garden fresh crisp produce available. on the road all that i never knew green could be start fighting and then find you are going to probably not a clear idea of the present but it does break up the way. we produce

keith moore, director of the bureau of indian education. net we welcome the director of indian health services in the department of health and human services. accompanying him is randy granell, deputy director of the indian health services. let me thank you for your patience. i have been looking forward to this hearing. will you please proceed with your testimony. >> thank you, chairman akaka. we have previously submitted a written statement, but i will summarize my statement to begin with. we thank you for this opportunity to provide the department's statement on the fiscal year 2013 president's budget request. the 2013 budget request for indian affairs within the department of interior totals $2.50 billion in current appropriations. this is $4.60 million below last year's, which amounts to a reduction of 0.2%. as you know, indian affairs meets with tribes on a quarterly basis on the budget through the tribal interior budget council and through this informed consultation with tribes, we included in this budget request $43.80 million in pro

i love from an indian.but it is out live on the hill in a district not in congress we are not afforded equal rights here to jobs to indian health service to the standard chartered to anything here and there's only three thousand of us cold blood here. for us being a farmer and we're the ones that made the treaty and the united states government made a nation to nation agreement with zero but in faded out make it what half breeds that is why we have to hop a good degree to the federal government can find out when the last bullet into life and went out for good stead no more treat no more blackmail no more ira no more indian health service. my nation the local through the first nation to militarily defeat the united states of america on the field of battle and it ended in eighteen sixty eight. other states of america and byrd just for peace and we gave a true. and there when the sign of true peace based on international law and so we granted that to them in fact we're already knew there were a shooter can be