after 8 is embroiled in indochina. it sent in a new commander general with a plan to strike, a major blow against it yet made to come to his forces install themselves in the den, be in full base in a strategic position surrounded by mountains his objective to force the enemy out of the jungle and engage in direct combat. the french still considered themselves invincible. but they would be proved wrong. was, was, was the french army, was unaware that in the silence of the hills, the north vietnamese coalition forces a viet maine where preparing a major assault as they carried tens of thousands of tons of equipment in artillery to the top of the hills overlooking the french camp while trucks carried the majority of the heavy weapons to wheels also came in useful for banks are set up against it are foreigners that are possible if they loot plus also sankey, lowly employees, up lazy, asses on a bushel sinema they please. amy, they see no eclat allowed with they see news they but they alone on a small ill now will it last a

the loss of indochina had immediate consequences. it forced france to give back to india trading posts. it had administered for nearly 3 centuries in my take on any in october 1954, france withdrew from asia to the apparent indifference of most french people. france had lost nearly 80000 soldiers, thousands remains to be evacuated. fighters from the 4 corners of the empire, prisoners, the wounded, damaged for life. french citizens who had settled in indochina, thousands of indochinese auxilary s. who had chosen to defend the french wary patry did to france often in different conditions. they had lost everything reports of the defeats echoed across the whole empire. so the key to wanted to dollar cool english comb. all our news live more in the a.p. knows, i mean, if one laid the new rule until she knew us, not the t.v. ha but could offset it in part with france's destiny turned upside down. the authorities still strive to preserve their colonial power at all costs more conflict approaches, but the fall of the french empire is not onl

and in indochina full scale war broke out just. how long could france hold out against the tide of history it was living in a new world now in which the new global powers of the united states and the soviet union were locked in the cold war and in which old impious were crumbling this is a story of the collapse of one of the biggest impious the world has ever seen and how the blood dainty is shed decades ago a still felt in the wilds today. there . the war in indochina began in december 1946 and after 4 years stuck in the quagmire of vietnam the french were forced to take stock. they sent for reinforcements. from now on half of their troops would come from morocco senegal and even algeria. as in 1939 the colonies had to come to the rescue of the colonizing power and as in madagascar 3 years before they were forced to fight other colonized people. vital. to that i'm if an englishman really admit this a degree. evokes a phone vision was long gone. if the museum of. differences is to come and for all of us is it he did want to live ga

i think i managed to do that well, staying -- ike managed to do that well, staying out of indochina.onetheless managed to avoid serious international conflicts, which the american public were very grateful for, because they hated the korean war. they were delighted he got out of the korean war. they had been at war since 1941. the country did not want that kind of conflict. eisenhower gave that peace they desperately wanted after a decade of conflict. announcer: watch the full program sunday at 6:30 p.m. eastern on american history tv. next, author james conroy talks about his book, "jefferson's white house: monticello on the potomac," which examines the physical state of the white house during jefferson's presidency and how he utilized the white house as a social and political tool. they white house historical association provided the video. >> good evening. welcome to white house history live. i am a senior vice president at the white house historical association and the director of the david rubenstein center for white house history. the white house historical association is a non

france did not want to let go and was drawn into terrible wars in indochina madagascar and algeria. syria and levanon would granted independence and trouble scimitar in sub-saharan africa and the caribbean. however france could simply not hold back the tide and the 7 year war in indochina ended in a humiliating defeat. north africa was next and both tunisia and morocco left the french union while the battle for algeria raged on. this is the story of the end of one of the not just impious the world as ever seen . and how the blood and tears shed decades ago a still felt in the world today. by the summer of 1956 the war in algeria had been going on for nearly 2 years french troops met the forces of the national liberation front the f.l.n. with all mighty force and inflicted huge losses. the f.a. needed to regroup and to try and regain the initiative it completely change its strategy. it took the war to the very heart of the capital algy is and in september $956.00 it planned an attack that would have a far reaching impact it's. his fists. ok to create up. to and if we can dunk city yo

staying out of indochina. he didn't use -- he did use nuclear threat but did avoid conflict which the american public was grateful for. they hated the korean war. they were delighted he got out of the korean war. they had been at war since 1941. the country does not want that kind of conflict. eisenhower gave them peace, which they wanted. watch the full program sunday at 6:30 p.m. eastern here on american history tv. >> this is american history tv, on c-span3, were each weekend we feature 48 hours of programs exploring our nation's past. >> as part of a course on the american road trip, university of mary washington professor christine henry talks about the history of roadside attractions and her own experience travelling to a freshwater pond in ohio called the blue hole. michael: good morning. for those watching today's lecture, i am michael spencer. i'm the chair of the department of historic preservation here at the university of mary washington. as well as instructor for this freshman seminar course, toda

>> it's the great paradox about jfk and indochina. which is, and a think this will be the thread involving two as well, that it don't think his skepticism, george, about a military solution in vietnam ever goes away. i think it is there from 51. it is there until november of 63. 63. had attacked with lots of evidence of him in the white house rejecting hawkish advice from his aides when you want to send ground troops and so on. it's one of the reasons why in terms of the what-ifs, the we can never know, i do believe he would have if he had survived he would have avoided, it is most likely he would have avoided the kind of huge open-ended escalation that johnson did. >> that's a passage in choosing war that i read really carefully because you earned the right to say that and i'll be curious to see if you still think it after writing volume two. but anyway go ahead. >> i reserve the right to shift. no, but the paradox, so that part of this, that paradox is that, as you say, this same jack kennedy as we get into even the mid-'50s but esp

and i think eisenhower managed to do that very well, staying out of indochina, he did use nuclear threats in taiwan, with china, but nonetheless, managed to avoid serious expansion of conflicts, which the american public were very grateful for because they hated the korean war. they were delighted that he got out of the korean war in 1953. they had been at war since 1941. the country did not want the conflict that eisenhower gave them. >> before i go any further, i should tell our audience that as you're listening to this, if you have questions, if there's something that sparks your interest that you want to know more about, please submit to those. when we get to the end of the program, will and i will take questions. i want to quote from your book because you mentioned presidential crises, a moment of truth with presidents and you have written and i quote presidents always confront crises they do not foresee, and often do not understand. it is then that history is best able to take the measure of the man. unquote. and we can think of many such moments for the cold war presidents, for tru

much of indochina should be fine and dry. lots of heavy rain through three long, parts of india.lone continues to make its way across southern parts of india. looks likely to punch its way into the arabian sea. it may reinvigorate as we go to the weekend. lots of rain with plenty of flooding. ♪ >> in the light of the open seas, hides a dark secret. men forced to work without pay, enslaved for years. but a glimmer of hope remains group activists dug deep into a their legal fishing industry, demanding justice and freedom. ghost fleet. a witness documentary on al jazeera. ♪ ♪ >> you are watching al jazeera. a reminder of our top stories. the united states has recorded 2008 hundred deaths from the coronavirus, the highest daily numbers since the begich -- since the pandemic began. u.s. president-elect joe biden says he will ask americans to commit to wearing a mask for the first 100 days of his administration. america's top infectious disease expert has apologized for criticizing britain's rapid approval of the biotech vaccine. -- the pfizer biontech vaccine s. ibm says a sophisticat

>> it is the great paradox about jfk at indochina. and i think this will be the thread in volume two as well, i don't think his skepticism, george, about a military solution vietnam ever goes away. i think it is therefrom 51, there until november of 63. and in fact we have lots him in the white house rejecting advice from his aides when they want to send ground troops and so on. it is one of the reasons why in terms of the what is that we can never know. i do believe that he would've survived he would have avoided most likely he would have avoided the huge open ended escalation. >> that passage in choosing that i read importantly because you earn the right to say that. not be curious to see if you still think it will invite him and have a go-ahead. >> i reserve the right. but the paradox meant, that par part, the paradox is as you say, this same jack kennedy as we get into the mid- 50s but especially the late 50s, is much more aggressive. he is careful because he is a very careful politician. careful in terms of his languag language,

rolling through quite as bad as it has been recently into central southern parts of vietnam much of indochina she'd be fine and dry but the showers popping up once again towards a moderate in southern thailand lots of heavy rain meanwhile to slag added to southern parts of india has trouble cycling brevity continues to make its way across southern parts of in the look slightly to punch just way out into the arabian sea and may well reinvigorate as we go one through the week and lots of rain coming through behind with plenty of flooding. in 2008 traveled across the united states discovering what it was like to be both a patriotic american and a devout muslim can you be muslim and american you have to be american 1st i didn't have much appreciation for why it would be a big deal that a muslim to be elected to the united states congress want has changed rewind islam and america on al-jazeera. roof. you're watching out just there a reminder of our top stories this hour u.s. president elect joe biden says he'll ask americans to commit to mosque where and for the 1st $100.00 days of his administrat

it's the great paradox about jfk and indochina which i think is, i think this will be the thread in volume that i don't think his skepticism with george about a military solution in vietnam ever goes away. i think it's fair from 51 it's fair to november 1963. in fact, we have a lot of evidence of him in the white house rejecting hawkish advice from his aides when they want to send ground troops and so on. it's one of the reasons why in terms of the what if's, though we can never know, i do believe if he had survived he would've avoided most likely that he would've avoided the kind of huge open-ended escalation that à [multiple speakers] >> that is a passage i read fervently because you earned the right to say that but i will be curious to see if you still think after writing volume 2. >> the paradox, that part of this, the paradox is as you say, the same jack kennedy as we get into even the mid-50s but especially late 50s is much more aggressive, he is careful he's a very careful politician careful in terms of his language, very reasoned approach to all policy issues but, as you say, he no

of his language, very recent approach but as you say he now sings a different tune on vietnam and indochina and is supportive of the government in the south, he believes the united states must preserve, do all in its power to preserve, figuring out how this person who understood so early that western powers whether france or the united states, any western power will not put down ho chi minh's solution, in domestic political terms, he seeks the white house, he knows democrats cannot be targeted with soft on communism slogan, maybe that is the explanation of paradox but however we explain. >> it will be a major tension involving two because even though you convinced me that if kennedy had lived we would not have had 200,000 troops in vietnam within two years of 63. nonetheless, he brought in 15,000 advisors and overthrew the government of south vietnam. he may well have corrected his own mistakes but the mistakes already being made and how much domestic politics have to do with that, a democratic president faced with his own government and opposition party. i will be interested to see what he

and algeria, years until she asked if the indochina mean that many, steve biko french army, why not that? the decline continues an episode or 2 of blood and tears. the french to colonize ation. on al-jazeera to the top stories on u.s. drug, they committed or is seeking approval from american and european regulators. the agency use of its coronavirus sexy u.s. health excrete says if everything goes to plan federal approval for the scenes could be granted in the coming weeks. with pfizer, we have the f.d.a. announced an advisory committee for december the 10th. and if everything is on track, everything proves out what, what it appears to be. we could be looking at approval within days after that. madonna's basically one week behind that general perner has from operation works speed that will ship within 24 hours of f.d.a. authorization. so we could be seeing both of these vaccines out and getting into, people's arms before christmas. the u.s., battleground states, arizona, and wisconsin have become the latest to certify joe biden's election victories. the charm campaign and republican part

eisenhower managed to do that well, staying out of indochina. he did use nuclear threats in taiwan with china, but nonetheless managed to avoid serious substantial conflict, which the american public were grateful for because they hated the korean war. they werethey were delighted het of the korean war. since 1941.at war which theym peace, desperately wanted after a decade of conflict. >> watch the full program sunday at 6:30 p.m. eastern, here on american history tv. you are watching american history tv. 48 hours of programming on american history, every weekend on c-span three. forow us on twitter, information on our schedule, and to keep up with the latest history news. >> gettysburg college civil war institute hosts an online discussion with the author of "men is cheap, explode -- exposing the fraud of free labor and war in america." backl right, so we'll get into brian's book, "men is cheap." it is an outstanding piece of scholarship. one of things that brian and i talked about in this is the subtitle, exposing fraud of free labor & war in

france did not want to let go and was drawn into terrible wars in indochina madagascar and algeria.syria and levanon would granted independence and trouble scimitar in sub-saharan africa and the caribbean. however france could simply not hold back the tide and the 7 year war in indochina ended in a humiliating defeat. north africa was next and both tunisia and morocco left the french union while the battle for algeria raged on. this is the story of the end of one of the not just in high as the world has ever seen. and how the blood and tears shed decades ago a still felt in the world today. by the summer of 1956 the war in algeria had been going on for nearly 2 years french troops met the forces of the national liberation front the f.l.n. with all mighty force and inflicted huge losses. the effen and needed to regroup and to try and regain the initiative it completely change its strategy. it took the war to the very heart of the capital. and in september $956.00 it planned an attack that would have a. beaching in. that he's assembled to meet. katie create a play a lesser one get mor

asked if they indochina mean that managed to beat the french army why not try. the decline continues in episode 2 of blood and tears french to colonise a shot. on al-jazeera. al-jazeera . where every week. the u.k. becomes the 1st country to approve the pfizer biotech corona virus vaccine that's been cleared from urgent useable rollout from next week. but i'll this is al jazeera live from doha also coming up. a die warning by a top u.s. health official says more than 100000 coronavirus patients are admitted to hospitals in a single day. i do think unfortunately before we see february we could be close to form 50000 americans died from.