it is institution to keep its shape over time in which it operates and flash mobs are not institutions. but most important what is distinct it is a form , structure or contour or the shape in the organization speaking of purpose and function so institution is not just a bunch of people, budget people ordered together to achieve a purpose advance in a deal and pursue a goal to give the relation to the other. some institutions by their nature are formative of us. structure, interactions they structure us, our habits and expectations and our characters and our souls. they hope to form us. that formative role has a lot to do how institutions relate to that crisis. thinking of the role of institutions of american life now, we start with our loss of trust. that's a trend we hear a lot about the measures are easy to find across a very wide array of restitution to corporations and labor unions media schools universities, americans have lost trust in institutions for a long time now and not loss of trust has accelerated this century but what do we mean when we say we don't trust institutions? p

at these land-grant institutions? glover: it has had a profound effect in that students have not been able to engage in the programming that other schools have had, that similar peer institutions have had. they have not been able to do the extension work they should have been. for example, nashville, there has never been the extension work that's fully funded for tsu. rep. adams: thank you very much. i'm out of time. i will yield back. chair wilson: whatever other questions you may have, submit them to the record and have -- we will have the witnesses respond to them in writing. rep. adams: i will do that. chair wilson: that is for all committee members. thank you. now, the representative from georgia. welcome. rep. mcbath: thank you for holding this crucial discussion on the continued, essential role that hbcus play in higher education. as well as the continued needed to strengthen and support hbcus. i also thank the witnesses for sharing their time with us. as an alumna of virginia state university, go trojans -- i

hcbu campuses and other higher institutions are -- hcbus and other institutions of our education areen sorted into the same category, programs and initiatives funded by the federal government. dr. baskerville will you talk about the similarities and differences between hcbus and other types of institutions in terms of historic funding and current financial status? >> yes. thank you so very much. there are similarities in that the hcbus, tcus and mcis those are the democratic graph institutions, the hispanic serving, the pbis, they're similar in the types of students that they're graduating. they're different in their founding and their mission. hcbus and tribal colleges and universities are mission-based nonracial nonethnic institutions. they have no race criteria, no ethnic criteria, but they have a mission of educating in the case of hcbus the progeny of american slave system and others. hcbus have done that since their founding. they've been open to all persons who want to excel. and a question was asked about diversity of thought. hcbus believe in diversity of thought, race, ethn

and with my institution. and then these institutions have survived the jim crow era segregation. and decades and decades and decades with that investment today hpc you remain committed to devoting the academic, social success of the descendents of enslaved americans. and the student population. and hpc you account with all colleges and universities. and those 80 percent of black judges and 70 percent and 70 percent of black teachers. the congressional black caucus and other members of congress unfortunately and then to achieve more with far less. hbcu is still recovering. and with that education funding with the 2008 recession disproportionately affecting the campus the proliferation and the funding policies to disadvantage with those disparities even worse and additionally the endowments held are less than one third theuc size of those house of private non- hpc you. and that congress must provide hbcu with the responses in the support that you need to systemic underfunding since march 2020 and then and one.6 million for capital financing. and then to help students make food and

institutions. as is often the case, more money is not the answer and does not address the root causes that institutions of higher education. these colleges and universities are ready to receive a tremendous amount of federal aid. in 2019 alone, congress provided hbcus along with other minority serving institutions a permanent mandatory funding stream on top of their annual appropriation. additionally, since march 2020, hbcus and msis received additional 6 billion in targeted direct aid on top of the funding received through higher education act, this includes a billion in the cares act funding, 1.7 in the coronavirus response and relief supplementation appropriation acts, 3 billion in american rescue plan funds as well as additional 1.6 billion in capital financing loan charges. even with this massive amount of sending, some folks, i will tell you, senator cory booker and bernie sanders want to see that number increased by another 100 billion with president biden's build back agenda which proposes

so this is across every institution. so as the committee looks to reauthorize the higher education act you have any specific suggestion with the accountability framework should look like? >> yes. it always has to be transparency editors an essential factor in making sure the relationship between the student and the taxpayer and the institution, what we are looking for. ultimately we want to make sure that students are going to graduate and be employed. and we went to make sure their dreams to society. we see in10 2026 out of ten create a four-year bachelor degree in six years. so as we look at these reforms of accountability, we need to continue to make sure that don mission of what the school is trying to do with the academic onset with the educational experience of the workplace. it is critically important as well to continue to allow the voices the industry to be at the table in terms of looking at those reforms and of the institution to make sure that they are equipped to do the job that is available. >> putting in t

when congress established the 1862 land-grant institutions, as with the 1890s land-grant institutions, as as with the 1862, they required a state match for the dollar being invested in the 1890s. the 1890s. and so between 2010-2012, 61 of the -- secure one person of the 1890s land-grant did not receive the dollars. between 22-2012, 18 land-grant universities did not receive more than 31 million in extension funding due to states not meeting their one-to-one match requirements. from 2010-2012, 1890 land-grant universities did not receive more than 25 million in research funding due to states not meeting their one-to-one -- >> dr. baskerville, let me ask you this. in response to 2018 survey conducted by the government accountability office responding to hbcus reported that nearly half of the building spaces on average is in need of repair and replacement. what can we do to fix that? >> we need the united states congress to recognize these institutions as central to the progress of america, in terms of research we have 11 research, to make institutions, research institutions that are hig

institution. i think this is a good place for this these kinds of things to happen. um, yeah, i think that's the extremely important. i'm going to gonna give some time. to some questions that are coming from people who either registered or are asking questions now, i'm actually going to ask the first question. i'm going to i'm going to bring up is i'm this is self-interested because i am on the faculty of the snf agora institute, which is a democracy institute pro-democracy institute. we have a question. we call it a liberal demand a liberal democracy, but we did i get the liberal democracy definition about right. okay. good. most people don't think of those terms that way that's why it's important to establish that so there is someone's writing in as the director a democracy institute. and says they would be interested in hearing about your views on the state of democracy centers and institutes in academia more broadly. and the importance of a multidisciplinary model of research for addressing is

the bill of rights institute or the ashbrook institute will find hundreds and thousands of teachers. in fact, here in florida, the governor has devoted tens of millions of dollars to that kind of civic education for teachers. so if teachers are better prepared, their students are better prepared for higher ed than someone else. but at least at the k-12 level, there is an important role for getting around the existing system, but doing something with the teachers who are already in the system. >> i would say that one of the big problems that we have, kind of broadly a problem, is it really is not -- and this picks up a little on your comments as well. the problem in education is not that we have the wrong intellectualism. the problem in education is we have anti-intellectualism. i mean, it is a much deeper problem, and it is producing a condition of intellectual infantilism throughout our trip. -- throughout our culture. we now have people who are young adults that are really pretty intellectually infantile. why is that? well, there is a certain kind of pessimism that comes from peopl

they can break the institution to achieve what they want or defend the institution. and so they've pivoted, and that's why so many of them look so foolish. because they've been on the opposite side of this. not a long time ago, but quite recently. and so they tried to carve out a special category here, that somehow this issue is different from all the other issues and should be treated differently. well, on the merits, as we've discussed ad nauseam here, this is something they've been trying to do for a long time. the rationale for it has changed periodically, depending upon what seemed to make sense. but doll it up any way you choose to, this is a plot to break the senate. a plot to break the senate. over the issue they've chosen, one half of one percent of american people sayelection law is their most pressing concern. one half of one percent of american people. actually, americans, as a number of you said during the course of this long day, believe voting laws are actually too loose rather than too strict. and, as you've said over and over again, georgia's new law

the political scientists are famously bad as predicting how institutions will respond to institutional changes. so we are flying by the seat of our pants somewhat. i think it is clear that when you see more centralized decision-making in legislative bodies that are larger. for some people, that is going to be a problem. for others, having stronger leaders would ensure that party discipline and the kind of rambunctious, to put it kindly, behavior of individual members is not given as free reign as it is currently. so strengthening the hand of leaders might be a productive consequence of this reform. i think it is interesting to think about the effects on the committee system would be. you might imagine that there is a ceiling on how much power leaders are able to hold, so the report suggests that some decentralization might slow the committees and you might get more expert policymaking. that sounds super appealing, but whether that is a possibility is a different question. i think the strongest critique of this proposal and one that i personally do not find that satisfying but is one th

it established 19 institutions in the former confederate states. olmsted and scientific farming was a supporter of the schools as evident by the author of ohio state and with considerable interest in energy he would become somewhat involved in the design of five landgrab's institutions, cal berkeley, maine, massachusetts, cornell and rhode island his sons were involved in another landgrab school including alabama a&m which is a block landgrab school plus they revive their father's work at the university of maine. in addition to the campus planning project father incense carried out correspondence with several other land-grant institutions and often mining for work and sometimes they yielded the specific design and planning commission. the intention of the landgrab institutions was largely noble and that's pretty much how i thought of them until fairly recently. the goals were to extend higher education publicly beyond the existing private elite universities. they offered practical subjects such as agriculture engineering and home economics. they so

borrow, of behavior but institutional decisions. begin your point of credit bureau from 2010. our foresight and community mindedness signed on homeownership. as a belt she grew were finally able to offer mortgage product star communion 2019 in partnership with usda as many pilot sites for the lending program. he closed eight mortgages and demands 42 mortgages within one half years. my recommendations today are simple. thank you for chairwoman smith and ranking member rounds for cosponsoring this legislation. access to these funds should include all across the nation. the recommendation i would have visiting appropriations to meet the needs. our needs are increasing across the nation. the annual appropriations have remained stagnant since 2014. all of this is a the tool is it chronically undercapitalized. the part of the community's we serve, where the lines at the grocery store was on the daycare board of directors tacitly try to keep the vital program running. in staff and community members woven is the fabrict of these community i

institutions.s part of the loan-to-value. that 27000 and is half of what south dakota is earning. it takes money and time and that is what we are advocating for finding the cfi for what is needed to support administrative cost to provide services in the community. >> i want to get to one more question for sure. they are populating are those that have first-generation. and then to increase the access. so going after different paths of funding. so this is an opportunity to have more of the private lenders were literally don't have a path forward. and then we need philanthropy and cooperations. >> thank you madame chair for putting together this particular committee hearing. this is where we absolutely can make a difference. this is bipartisan intt nature. i really do appreciate your leadership on this and in finding a path forward making a difference for our rural areas. >> thank you for your leadership on this issue. and they are at the mercy many times of lenders. can you share your experience with

to join as community financial institutions. and that has also had an impact. so mr. altman, i appreciate the community reinvestment fund support of a bill that i've introduced to allow cdfis to pledge small business, small agriculture and community development loans to receive advances from federal home loan banks. so mr. altman, how would the opportunity to pledge nonhousing loans to the federal home loan bank affect your and other community development financial institutions? >> it would be very, very helpful. we've looked over time, since this opportunity to become a member of the federal home loan bank, and we've decided that we couldn't because of the collateral requirements. just not having the right collateral to meet the standards of the bank or having the right kind of collateral to get a significant advance. so we've gone elsewhere for liquidity. that said, we have been supported outside of membership by investments made by the federal home loan bank of chicago. and i know other federal home loan banks have looked at

and the subsequent development of the rules to protect that institution alone." this is important, i say to my colleagues. he said, i am so pathetic to frustrations about the senate's rules, but those frustrations are nothing new. i recognize the need for the senate to be responsive to changing times and continually work for reforms at modernizing this institution using the prescribed procedure for amending the rules. however, i believe that efforts to change or reinterpret the rules in order to facilitate expeditious action by a simple majority, while popular, are grossly misguided. while i welcome needed reform, we must also be mindful of our first responsibility to preserve the institution's special-purpose. finally at the end, he said, extended deliberation and debate when employed judiciously protect every senator in the interest of their constituency and are essential to the protection of the liberties of a free people. i ask unanimous consent that this letter be included in the record at this time. i wish that robert byrd had been here on the floor today.

caroline: many have been wondering where the institutional play was in that.as the selling been largely on the retail side of things or has it been the institutional play? >> that's a good question. tech stocks are de-risking at the same time. so much of the selling has been from institutional players. we get less retail there. what we get is from the automated asset that tends to purchase heavily. it was a global bid coming back rather than aggressively selling , just getting further and further, wider and less liquid. it sort of moved the market a lot. there was exhaustion from 2021. when you saw just like the nature of the market 2021 and the gains that people had, the volatility, i thing a lot of people that were long, they have been long for 40 k or whatever and now they are a little bit less inclined to aggressively tile in and were waiting for more support to get established in we are seeing the early signs of that. romaine: there's a lot of talk now about the floor that's out there with institutional buying and investment in the sort of, caroline will

they can break the institution to achieve what they want or defend the institution.y've pivoted and that's why so many of them look so foolish because they but on the opposite side of this. not a long time ago but quite recently. they try to carve out a special category here. somehow this issue is different from all the other issues should be treated differently. ... the senate. >> over the issue they've chosen, one half of 1% of american people say election law is their most pressing concern. one half of 1% of the american people. actually, the number as you've said during the course of this long day believe voting walls are actually to lose rather than to strict and as you've said over and over again, georgia's new law is arguably more progressive than new york and delaware. all of you have said that all day long. this, this is the basis the united states calls people like us racist, traders, over this? how many days of early voting, really? this is the basis on which 40 plus senate democrats want to not only break their word, but break the senate. the so-called ta

financial institutions, and that had an impact. mr. altman, i appreciate the reinvestment fund support to allow cdfi's to pledge small businesses and community development and loans to receive advancements.; mr. altman, how would the opportunity to pledge noncapital loans affect your institution? mr. altman: it would be very, very helpful. we looked over time since the opportunity to become a member of the federal home loan bank, we decided that we couldn't because of the requirements, just not having the right collateral to meet the standards to get a significant -- we have got elsewhere for liquidity. we have supported membership by investments made by the federal bank of chicago. but cdfi membership would be greatly enhanced by the bills that have been introduced. sen. cortez masto: my understanding is in 2008, it was a drafting error rather than the decision for it to occur. i encourage support of my proposal to allow nondepository cdfi's to pursue the same collateral as other financial institutions. for the chairwoman, i would

i think that political scientists are famously bad at predicting how institutions will respond to institutional changes of the sort. and so we are all flying by the seat of our pants, somewhat. i do think it's clear that you see more centralized decision-making in legislative bodies that are larger, for some people that's going to be a problem. i think for others you might say, how do others ensure that party discipline and the kind of rambunctious -- to put it kindly -- behavior of individual members is not given as free reign as it is currently. and i this could be a productive consequence of this reform. i think it's interesting to think about what the effects on the committee system would be. certainly, you might imagine that there is a ceiling on just how much power leaders are able to hold in their hands. and so i think that reports suggest that some the centralization might flood the committees and you could get more extra policy and all that may not sound super appealing, whether you think that is a possibility and different question altogether, i think the strongest critique of this pr

so we're at hudson institute. we're hardly. stopping we're actually going to accelerate our investigative work and and try to really work with the us congress to develop a legislation to try to introduce things like risk controls counterintelligence and you know estimates the inspector general functions inside the national institute health as she has nothing frankly. they mean they don't look at the they did they didn't even read the declassified fact sheet as far as i'm concerned that i can tell and those are facts. those aren't when we put out a fact sheet, you know, and i i someone who will probably have to testify under oath this authenticity of the information within more than happy to do so a fact she's a fact sheet, and i'm glad you we're able to integrate that into your great story and good day to you and all the best.

one other early institution was a college that evolved in columbia university in new york which begannhattan in the buildings in the upper left by 1838 it had already moved one step forward to 14th and madison into the gothic revival structure you see on the lower left and this is the one that homestead would first have known when the rapidly expanding city look like it does in the print you see on the right. if this was the state of cause development in america at the time of frederick olmsted's youth, it was his experiences or knowledge of it? this is a famous photo you must know and frederick olmsted is in the lower right and that is his brother older brother john, just above him on the right side. not a lot is documented except for his shifting about new england after his mother died and that although he didn't enter college like his older brother and when he might have because of a very severe eye element that again several months in 1943 he visited his brother john and stan at yale where he participated in a life of lively group of young men who seek who would become a very prom

we have a very different institution. and it is a very collegial institution. it is non partisan. and i can tell you a little bit about how i work in that institution to give you a sense. >> very limited on time here. you commented on jelena mcwilliams and i appreciate that and i do understand you have had a good working relationship with her. but i think -- i would suggest and ask you to reflect on what happened there. and i think it is relevant. the fed as you know is also a multi member agency. it has prided itself on operating free from political interference and following norms of governance for many years. that used to describe the fdic and unfortunately it doesn't anymore. and there are people on the left and in this administration who want the fed to become more political. to become advocates for the causes and agenda that they support. and i have warned, and i'm concerned that the feds daliance with those issues totally irrelevant to the dual mandate will undermine the fed's credibility and threaten its independence. and i think that is very important. let me move on to c

the bill of rights institute or the ashbrook institute will find hundreds and thousands of teachers. in fact, here in florida, the governor has devoted tens of millions of dollars to that kind of civic education for teachers. so if teachers are better prepared, their students are better prepared for higher ed than someone else. but at least at the k-12 level, there is an important role for getting around the existing system, but doing something with the teachers who are already in the system. >> i would say that one of the big problems that we have, kind of broadly a problem, is it really is not -- and this picks up a little on your comments as well. the problem in education is not that we have the wrong intellectualism. the problem in education is we have anti-intellectualism. i mean, it is a much deeper problem, and it is producing a condition of intellectual infantilism throughout our trip. we now have people who are young adults that are really pretty intellectually infantile. why is that? well, there is a certain kind of pessimism that comes from people who believe in the moral

hunger institute leftist college universities and institutions of higher education to promote adoption and advance best practices to address food and nutrition insecurity. while hsi's work spans local communities, state efforts in alabama, us security efforts in global hunger work i'm going to talk today about arkansas work. how many of you havebreakfast this morning or something to hold you over until lunch ? some of you may have had a pick me up to getthrough the committee meeting today . policymakers face those same challenges when going to class or studying for a test but in alabama between 30 and 60 percent of students do not have enough food to eat along with their many otherneeds . it's important to remember each of these students as a name . in a recent study hsi conducted one student named nmaggie and i quote her here. this is impacting the ability to go to class and perform because i would be in these three-hour classes where i had to focus for thethree hours . i couldn't because i was hungry and i didn't have anything to eat . i justdidn't . and across the long-term food ins

that is institutional races. now do believe that institutional racism exist, but institutional racism also exists to help us when it actually is that sort of the back. it hope that because when you allow students to go through life, thinking that they are, are educated in the way correctly, and they're really not when they are actually challenged with it and actually called upon it. they're not used to that. so they look as though they're entitled, i mean, i think that, that sir, that's a whole nother subject in itself. i want to bring the discussion back. we don't have that much more time. and it's so much more to talk about. and i really want to focus with the time we have on what's happening in america this year. we cannot ignore the mid term elections. the fact that republicans have one and 2 states where they weren't necessarily expected to virginia. and i believe new jersey, the man who won in virginia recently, the governor glenn young kin. he campaigned a lot on the issue of not teaching about children, n

s use of american institutions of higher education by having confucius institutes asking american universities to restrict freedom, control faculty hiring and threaten core values is something that i share great concern about. at a time when confucius institutes were proliferating in the united states, i ensured the university of pennsylvania did not accept an invitation to have a confucius institute. that was 2009, and have ever since been vigilant against the nefarious influences of the p.r.c. sen. risch: i think that is to your credit. i need you declined the invitation to have a confucius institute. i think that is to your credit. having said that, the $86 million is still pretty stunning. i will talk about that when you are done. dr. gutmann: thank you. we are one on this issue. the second piece of context echo see your question, the scale of penn and what i do as president and take due diligence on, we have 12 schools and six hospitals. the fundraising over the period you spoke about his over $5 billion, then over my presidentcy over $10 billion. baseball fraction comes from china. consi

first, republican mitch mcconnell talks that his belief that changes would quote break our institutions to get a political outcome they want. he also said republican project to numerous unanimous consent request in efforts to slow down work in the senate. then from the floor senator john thune, lindsey graham, john cornyn and chuck schumer all talk about the issue. together this runs about 90 minutes. >> something disturbing is happening in washington this week. a group of politicians are trying to set aside election results, overrule american voters, and break, break our institutions to get a political outcome they want. i'm speaking of course about the senate democratic leader and the radical left. the senate democratic leader is trying to bully hisrs own membes into breaking their word, breaking the senate and silencing the voices of millions of citizens. so that one political party can take over our nation's elections from the top down. in january 2021, a mob try to intimidate and change the senate, and they failed. in january of 2021, the senate stayed true to itself and it stood s

specifically on the institution's facilities and collections. this is about an hour and 15 minutes. >> the committee on house administration i want to knowledge the we have a committee present. as we begin i want to note: this hearing in compliance with the regulations for remote committee proceedings pursuant to house resolution eight. we asked many members and witnesses to keep their microphones when they're not speaking . and to unmute themselves when seeking recognition. witnesses will also need to unmute themselves when recognized for their five minutes for when answering a question. we ask that everyone keep their cameras on all sides even if you need to step away for a moment as the rules require a course we remind members that you can also require that you cannot participate in more than one committee proceeding at the same time. and at this time ask unanimous consent that all members have five legislative days to revise and extend the remarks and have any written statements be made part of the record and that is so ordered. i also ask u

we need to make our institutions work and make democracy perform. but i i do think a special responsibility lies on the part of laza in the opposition the republican opposition this this country needs a center right party and a center left party both of whom play by the rules and respect the ground rules of our democracy. and the republicans are in at the point of losing that i really didn't think it would take that turn after january 6th. i thought that would be the breaking point, but it turns out that it wasn't and so there is great danger, and i'm i've just been through as you have the the january 6th observances here. they are very very sobering and i don't think it's exaggeration to say that our democracy hangs in in the balance. so there are responsibilities. we have to perform as an institution to protect ourselves in the future and and their responsibilities that every citizen this country has to to seek out and understand the truth and to support leadership that will will uphold democracy. so it's it is a perilous time. i you know, it's it