is we work through it, the methods we we're working with our international partners to get is much international support is we can, in order to achieve the objectives. the goal is the land of the moon within five years. enemy sustainable by the year 2028. when i see sustainable, that's for the gateway comes in, is the reusable command module. we want you reusable lenders that can go back and forth from the service to the moon and are met around the moon. we need to drive down the cost for the rocket, and capital is time goes on, cost will come down. but at the end of the day we are trying to achieve is the sustainable return to the moon. all we have people leaving working for long periods of time. >> is already delivered, introduction, and the procurement phase. the european side to deliver is early is possible. excellent day one, the moon mission is international in nature on day one. we want to expand here for share with more international partners. we are very excited and in fact is we make the sustainable, going to need more european service modules. so jan has his work out from him is it to

care international for even international funds they always come. un the p operates under political conditionalities you have to make the difference i think the concept of international aid efforts is to distinguish between your money terry and then very happily taishan efforts which are part of unconditional funds which are available in syria to which. countries in europe and the united states and elsewhere contribute it is kind of an artificial debate that is taking place internationally because i think there is a con census to be to have more rehab in the taishan and more humanitarian funds for syria the present moment when you look at the reality of syrians that it's not big reconstruction that will happen tomorrow what they need is schools still function is hospitals to go back to function is water tap still have again clean water and this is. very much. of what we would call your money and be happy. there are international funds available but i agree with you. it is most important there is an international are flexible enough to address media

either become a normal state that respects international laws and norms, or face in international unified position that chooses all instruments of pressure and deterrence. mr. president, ladies and gentlemen, my country, the land of the two holy mosques, to which muslims turn to pray has never promoted war but will stop at nothing to defend its sovereignty. thank you and may peace be upon you. >> on behalf of the general -- mbly, i wish to thank >> we had an armed officer in my school and a came to that moment of fight or flight. and he went away. so the idea is that teachers having guns would solve this issue is the same idea as giving another person a gun to solve gun violence. when we hear that two guns will protect the majority of people from one bad guy with a gun sounds like we are trying to turn every single teacher into an armed vigilante and that is something no teacher should have to be. and i cannot imagine that if teachers were armed, the amount of incidents that would take that would be them killing a student that did not happen to be the perpetrator of the violence, there wo

we want to be there with international partners and want our international partners to have commercial capabilities in low-earth orbit as well. i think there is a robust marketplace, and i think we are about three to seven years away from one significant breakthrough that will result in capital flows that will be agnificant enough to have capability after the international space station, but we have to make sure we don't lose sight of the fact -- we had a gap in the united states of america, after apollo and before space shuttle, we had a gap in human spaceflight and then a gap after the shuttle and before commercial crew. we have had a gap in our access to space, even though we have partnered with russia, with their rocket which has proven to be an amazing capability. we have to make sure we don't create those gaps in the future, and that is what we are working on on our side. suggested you don't need gateway to do a quick lunch -- launch. you could use a two launch strategy. have you done the analysis of that? could you converse -- convert the gateway into a low-earth orbit station.

and, of course, we want to be there with international partners and we want our international partners to also have commercial capabilities in low-earth orbit aswell. so i think there's a robust marketplace. i think we're really about three to seven years away from just one cig cabsignificant breakthr that will result in call flows that will be significant enough to have capability after the international space station but we got to make sure we don't lose sight of the fact -- we had a gap here in the united states of america after "apollo" and before space shuttle, we had a gap in human space flight then we had a gap after the shuttle and now before commercial crew. we had gap in our access to space even though we've been able to partner with russia with their soyuz rocket which has proven to be just an amazing capability. so we got to make sure we don't create those graps in the futur. that's what we're working on on our side. >> it's been suggested you don't need gateway to do a quick launch to the moon. you could use a strategy using a convert converted -- have you done any analysi

., and the international order anchored a pon upon international law. the headwinds of protectionism, we should not just stand idly by. walls will not resolve global challenges and blaming others for one's own problems does not work. the lessons of the great depression should not be forgotten. provocations of trade disputes upset global industrial and supply chains and serve to undermine the trading regime and global economic and trade orders. they maty even launch the world into recession. regarding economic and trade differences, china is committed to resolve them in a column, rational and comprehensive manner and is willing to demonstrate utmost patience and. good will should the other side act or sho respect for equal status or rules in negotiations, we will have to make necessary responses to safeguard our legitimate rising interest and uphold international justice. let me make it very clear. 5000 is a country with a year civilization. four billion hard-working and courageous people and 9.6 million square kilometers. china will not ever be cowered

and international experts to pin down the perpetrator. those who stood behind these attacks are also responsible for the other assaults on commercial tankers in the gulf of oman last june and july, and the attacks at an airport in july in saudi arabia, and an oil field last august. it is a violent cowardly regime which hides behind its affiliated militias, pushing them to claim responsibility for attacks on oil installations, and before that on an oil pumping facility. that same regime views our state and people only as a battlefield to achieve its subversive agenda. mr. president, ladies and gentlemen, we have known this regime for 40 years. it is good at nothing but masterminding explosions, destruction and assassinations, not only in our region but throughout the world. this is the same regime which, ever since its inception, carried out terrorist attacks inside the kingdom of saudi arabia, bahrain, kuwait, lebanon, as well as european countries and beyond. it is the same regime which assassinated a number of saudi diplomats in thailan

community is hopefully going to earn silence the international community that they will be prepared to speak up loudly and clearly. for jamal and for justice for jamelle why do we need justice for jamal we need justice for jamal because of course he has been the victim of a gruesome murder that the m.p. kits the state and then plea could c.i.s. leave all of the state we want justice because that kind of regulation should not go and respond to but we also want justice for jamal because. calling for their justice we are also protecting a lot of other drano least who were not as well known as who we are not american resident who where not hired and working for the washington post or came saw we are letting everyone knows that no one can get away with murdering a journalist no one can get away with murdering jamal khashoggi that's the signal that must be sent this is a signal that the international community must send so that john only stay around the world are protected for reporting for investigating and for giving us the truth on a range of issues final thought from you and this is o

chairman to the house of international studies. i'm daniel seuer, i am pleased to welcome you to the global leader in the study and practice of international relations. mr. prime minister, i first saw libya in september of 2011 when i made my way to benghazi and tripoli. the early days of the revolution, and unguarded in your two most important cities. despite the molecular violence, spirits were high after i returned to international carter center. and shortly thereafter, libya democracy has changed and you will give us a glimpse of what happened behind the scenes and deepening our understanding of libya and the international challenges during transitions of ongoing conflict. your u.n.-backed government represents to in the best hope of recovery. as an architect, you are well suited to building not only libya's physical infrastructure, but also its governing institutions. this is a great calling and high importance to create resources to serve and protect the citizens. i am looking forward to the progress report on your efforts an

and the international order incurred on international law. facing the headwinds of protectionism, we should not just stand idly by. erupting wars will not result global challenges. flaming others for one's own problems does not work. others for one's own problems does not work. the lessons of the great depression should not be forgotten. tariffs and provocations of trade disputes, which upsets supply chains served undermine the multilateral trading regime and global and economic trade orders. they even plunge the world into recession. regarding economic and trade friction and differences, china is committed to resolve them in a calm manner. and, is willing to demonstrate. most patients and goodwill. sure the other side act in bad faith or show no respect for equal status, we will have two make necessary responses to safeguard our international justice. that may make it very clear. china is a country with a 5000 year civilization, 1.4 billion hard-working and courageous people, and vast land of 9.6 million square kilometers. china will not eve

amnesty international says the blast demands the world's attention. but in anger when many now have life changing injuries and mass graves are being dug many feel the international communities forgotten them brian al jazeera. in the next few hours british m.p.'s are set to debate and vote on prime minister boris johnson's breaks a deal with the e.u. but johnson is facing an uphill battle to get it approved with even the conservatives the democratic unionist party saying that they will vote against it they're an ally of the conservatives and are $76.00 a look at what we can expect from the vote. it's going to go right to the wire and it's too close to call because the government hasn't got a majority it's having to look outside the party for support and there was so many variables that are in fact variables within the party itself because 21 members have been disciplined they're now being coached back and most of them are said to be supportive of boris johnson's deal furthermore the writs 28 diehard pro bricks and hard liners most of them apparently su

no international system. they failed us alone we were shrill during this theory of evolution many times many red lights being crossed many many people died because no one here an international so you'll end interest to get those we're in damascus when demonstrations are here well we're going to end up on that skeptical voice the pragmatic one thank you for your time thank you to qur'an to little al valerie many houses conversation been going down online interesting all in with this from syria justice and accountability who says a full accounting for war crimes is not possible until serious prepare to grapple with violations but this court is the last refuge for syrian victims thank you guests thank you for those who are watching c m x time. to. one simple mistake could be fatal. fishing as a deep sea diver carries immense risk to the lives of those willing to take the chance but for a former north korean soldier the opportunity for a prosperous new life in the south with his family was an even bigger risk to

law --n international attacks on international law has reached alarming levels. new rules from the jcpoa endorsed by the united nations security council resolution 2231 is widely remembered. did not just repudiate these obligations in this regulation, but started demanding others to play by american rules and sabotage its implementation. the u.s. has set a hard-line towards eroding u.n. resolutions on the international and legal framework of the middle east peace process. it suggests waiting for a deal of the century. meanwhile, it's taking unilateral decisions on jerusalem and the golan heights. the two states approved -- solution to the palestinian history, which is essential for providing security for israel and the whole region is in when natoarently, members were bombing libya, blatantly violating united security council resolutions, they were also guided by the logic of the rules based order. it resulted in the destruction of libyan statehood. the international community is still untangling the disasters -- disastrous repercussions of nato's adventure with

strong opinions clear positions from international perspective. every week we get to the point on our current topic. truth will come in. to the point. of america. coming. from the generosity of the famous naturalist and explorer. to celebrate comics on the from 2 months to $250.00. marking the for each of discovery. expedition in blood on. a new low in trade relations between south korea and japan as the 2 countries are at loggerheads over mistreatment of korean prisoners and world war 2 japanese after all make a unique low finds itself used to from walking victims of wartime oppression in a new t.v. ad. and take you to homs of all sounds how a seemingly ubiquitous commodity becomes a bone of contention in cambodia. also the flying taxi is finally that german startup full culp's of demonstrated demonstrates it into 6. this is business. as welcome to japan and south korea have been at loggerheads for a while over the treatment of korean prisoners of war by the japanese in world war 2 now japanese apple make a unique low found the flames of the conf

the fragmentation of the international communities is only increasing. in our view, the reason for the current state of affairs is first and foremost in the unwillingness of countries that declared themselves victors to recognize the legitimacy of other states, to accept the realities of objective history. it's hard for the west to accept seeing its centuries long dominance in world affairs diminishing. these centers of growth and political -- new centers of growth and political influence have emerged and developed without them. it is possible to find lasting solutions to global challenges that can be addressed only on the firm basis of the u.n. charter through the balance of interests of all states. leading western countries are trying to impede the development of a polycentric world to recover privilege positions, to impose standards of conduct based on the narrow western interpretation of liberalism on others. in a nutshell, we are liberals, hence anything is permitted. in pursuit of this policy, the west has been increasingly loath to recall internat

in northern syria contravenes international law. the 2nd point concerns the question of how we can stabilize the region that borders on the territory of a nature partner. and that affects the massive security interests of europe and germany. who would in my opinion there is also the question of how we want to shape further cooperation within the alliance. peculiarly regarding the issue of turkey as a nato partners and leave it to. turkey as an important nato partner despite all the criticisms that can be made. on this question of how to act united lee within the alliance is one that is on the political agenda. of the put it into the sooner we find a common solution and a common initiative for syria. so we can conduct with a base amongst our partners within nato. mission impossible in the happened before before the deal between the u.s. and turkey you have quite clearly demanded consequences if turkey occupied an area and northern syria what are the consequences that you ultimately demand or does that depend on this cooperation or do

an international force to police to secure is own but only had a few details. for a moment it looked like u.s. defense secretary marc esper might support her idea that because it's something that we've been calling on our european partners to do for quite some time is to step up and do more so while i would be supportive of that. support of politically i think we don't intend on contribute ground forces or i think that operation the europeans had questions about the details and the timing of. the pope was we are not against an international security zone in principle but the situation on the ground just changed now that turkey and russia have reached an agreement those in the past the germans have often been slow to suggest involvement in such matters but the defense minister said she proposed it to the turks. doesn't see so often that they shoot themselves was very open and all by natural talk with this could take place with the involvement of the international community and turkey would be open to talks about that. this but when talking to the larger group of

first of all the security zone would have to be under international control. where the fight against isis is concerned the military capabilities would play a role. in my view it is essential that we include turkey in the discussions because turkey undeniably has its own security interests. but russia has to be included to russia is one of the most important players in syria whether you like that or not that is a fact that we have to deal with to start. i believe that these lists questions are absolutely vital for believed by the united nations but also through bilateral talks in this. turn it have would be for europeans and nato to simply look on as talks between turkey and russia continues its mission to to and to potentially risk turkey becoming permanently entrenched in northern syria because. of this is something that we cannot allow within nato. that's why i believe that we must draw upon everything at our disposal to achieve a different result here. and then the people are concretely so how far would germany go to implement this are you banking on the us

attacks on international law have reached alarming levels. jcpoas. withdraw from the endorsed by the united nations 2231ity council resolution is widely remembered. washington did not just repudiate this obligation, but started demanding from others to play by american rules and to sabotage its implementation. the united states has had a hard line to the eroding u.n. resolutions on the international framework of the middle east process. it is waiting for some sort of deal of the century. meanwhile, it is taking unilateral decisions on jerusalem. -- two stateo solution to the palestinian issue. providing security for israel and the region is in danger. when nato members were bombing thea, blatantly violating security council resolution, they were guided by the counselor of their rules -- their counsel of their rules-based order. the international community is still untangling the disastrous repercussions of the nato adventure with african countries affected the most. hidden agendas in and countering terrorism. despite the universally binding security

international now 7 talian doctors. watching r.t. international are 7 talian doctors are facing trial at the moment after refusing to perform an abortion on a woman's or facing trial at the moment after refusing to perform an abortion on a woman who later died the woman in question was reportedly 5 months pregnant with who later died the woman in question was reportedly 5 months pregnant with twins when she suffered complications she fell seriously ill according to her twins when she suffered complications she fell seriously ill according to her family the doctors told her the twins would not survive but refused to perform an abortion family the doctors told her the twins would not survive but refused to perform an abortion on moral grounds while later the woman miscarried and died of septic shock on moral grounds while later the woman miscarried and died of septic shock her parents blame hospital for the death but the doctor but the hospital contradicts their parents blame hospital for the death but the doctor the but the hospital c

it required the international community to help solve an international problem. this is not a solely homegrown effort that requires folks who are stretched in to resolve on their own. you now have a nonstate actor faced with real estate problems, and nationstates who do not want to pony up and help. i do think we have to address this because it is about the little ones and the next generation. these kids did not choose to be in this camp. they did not choose the ideology of their parents. i'm telling you, there is great fear in the region. one mother i met, who gave birth to the first baby during the summer of 2017 during the campaign, we had been tracking her story for the last years. she is now cleaning and she is one of the most articulate, powerful voices in terms of syrians who have seen too much, whose children have seen too much, and she told me there were orisis families or friends children of isis of followers who went there. she said, they are so cute, but nobody wants to take them because no one knows what is in their hearts. i am telling you, this is

we have made it clear with turkey that any actions in northeast syria in violation of international law including international humanitarian law are unacceptable this includes but is not limited to targeting the kurdish population religious minorities including christians and civilian infrastructure and ensuring that no humanitarian crisis takes place officials and individuals responsible for human rights abuses will be and must be held accountable. due to turkey's actions the president has signed an executive order authorizing the department of state and treasury to consider and impose sanctions sanctions have already been imposed on 3 senior turkish officials and 2 government ministries we continue to call on turkey to take the following critical steps cease undermining the campaign to defeat isis. cease and dangerous and civilians cease threatening peace security and stability in the region and cease its offensive and declare a cease fire immediately thank you. really and it's u.s. policy. all right the u.s. ambassador to the united nations not answering the questions that our diplom

no international system. they failed us a lot we were filled during this theory of evolution many times many red lights being crossed many many people died because when you're an international so you'll end interest because there's where in damascus were when demonstrations where well we're going to wrangle on that skeptical voice but pragmatic want to thank you for your time thank you to qur'an to live. and the house this conversation been going down online interesting all in with this from syria justice and accountability who says a full accounting for war crimes is not possible until serious prepare to grapple with violations but this court is the last refuge for syrian victims thank you gas thank you for watching c m x time. when you're from a neighborhood known as a hotbed of radicalism. you have to fight to defy stereotypes. but on the morning all shocks the stories we don't often hear told by the people who live them in all my. sound other boxset this is year. on al-jazeera. and the slaughter of the mo

make sure the geneva conventions are followed the president of the international committee of the red cross. talks to al-jazeera. peter maer a president of the international committee of the red cross thank you for talking to al-jazeera you are parts of the red cross movement the oldest humanitarian network in the world you work all over the world i think it's fair to say that if your workload is heavy the grim reality that means a lot of misery and hardship for people in conflict zones around the world give us an idea right now of the state of the world and of your work well and you and. ever ask this question to the president of i.c.r.c. to get the bright view of the world class was the core of our mandate remains to assist and protect people exposed to war and violence and of course this is a big concern and has been a growing concern over the last couple of years the fact that our budget has doubled within a couple of years only that we are in the increasing number of conflicts deeply engaged the fact that we see in the increasing fragmented landscape of actors in conflicts from w

fia just over 50 licensed drivers international rally championship. almost exclusively men but the phrase one woman who runs the base. model when i had just gotten little did they know that these of course i was young by then that this young lady who'd come up to challenge a man everybody despised me that is a lady the speeds. whatever over. mistakes in the national championship are high and susan more often gets nervous when her rivals are on the truck. and fast so you become anxious. but let our own when you get to the top that when i get to the stats and. i drop all the fia. it is not easy. how could driver knows how to give someone a boast when the competition is stiff. so i also tend to be a lady more in such a moment when she feels likely to be depressed the guys are faster than her and there is still a no we are fast. team strategy seems to be paying off when she said the super lady she's known to have funds can be an catchable. in 20 living the longest surprised me when she won uganda's national championship. she wanted to gain last year the o

because it is such an international city they are very interested in that global perspective that al jazeera provides. welcome back a quick reminder of our top stories here on the al-jazeera that in more violent scenes on the streets of hong kong pro-democracy activists running against a thanks mosques during protests to government demonstrations started 5 months ago spotted by an extradition bill which was later scrapped. turkey says one of its soldiers has been killed in northern syria says it happened during a recognizance mission comes despite a truce in the area this president has vowed to press on with the offensive if kurdish forces don't withdraw from a proposed safe so. i'm the head of lebanon's christian forces some asia has asked his ministers to resign from government crowds of demonstrators celebrated the announcement but they're demanding deeper political change. now the u.k. is also the e.u. for a 3 month extension to briggs's the prime minister as johnson lost a crucial vote in parliament forcing him to send a letter requesting a delay he didn't. signed it and also in

suggest and offer a yes the international community thought it was a mali problem and probably the international community also thought it was an exclusively security problem and i think a lot of time and then the g. and the resources have gone into creating the g 5 hell in creating the multinational task force around the lake chart and to find the military response to all some of the insecurity emerging over the last couple of years and while when you visit the region it pops to your eyes that there are these longstanding developmental. reasons which contribute to the fragility of this complex that there is climate change in my gratian and population displacements which comes on top of a very war torn and violent situation in which we find ourselves so i think it's really a very selective view with which the international community has looked at. continent and there's a hell and charge in particular the europeans only look through the eyes of migrants coming to them and maybe insufficiently look at the complexity of the origin of fragility and population displacements in the sahara and the lake

no international system. they failed us we were filled during this period of illusion many times many red lights being crossed many many people died because i know when you're an international so are you and as we get those we're in damascus where when demonstrations where well we're going to wrangle on that skeptical voice but pragmatic thank you for your time thank you to corral to limit our volatile in the house this conversation going down online interesting i'll end with this from syria justice and accountability who says a full accounting for war crimes is not possible until serious prepare to grapple with violations but this court is the last refuge for syrian victims thank you guess thank you for watching c m x time. after the genocide we've been on the most for another book for a time since there has been live to them. one woman's vision uplifted many could last who. is in this resistance a total using to power women transforming lives in her community on and off the pitch they're able to get childre

i think his arguments supporting what is an international organization is something yes but did. he have to compliment the government for lissa drudgery you all part of this government you are a representative of government and you're speaking as though it's a foreign entity what are you doing what have you done what we do is basically advice from government in terms of what are the new young. sponsibility it is provided for them ok i don't know what has been provided what i'm delighted is what is coming from. the discussion is to ensure that we work with government and we can bring out the example to see government hospital by that i mean dollars or $10000000.00 and this is about investment in terms of supporting young people alright let me come to will suffice here because you know we're hearing from the n.y.c. that they have plans because of things that might happen in the future but you know already doing something about it do you think your government has let you down. you know for members. but does not you know. does not work you think you know. almost every talk a i want t

my colleagues and comrades to represent the libyan point of view to the world i dealt with the international media for more than 8 months i held 3 press conferences every day under bombardment but i wasn't alone i had the support the love and the expertise of thousands of young libyan graduates and media personalities and intellectuals who still after 8 years of the war was very hard to fight for the liberation of the country for the freedom and independence of the libyan people well mainstream media around the world called you a liar a mouthpiece for a regime that far from this well being about imperialism this was a regime that was organizing mass rape as a policy using vi agra chemicals to complete mass rate policy is the massacring of unarmed protesters and you are basically a mouthpiece for air bombardment of civilians well in any position you take there are 2 powers if you have on your side then you are proven as an honest party the power of except limitation and the power of prophecy and we had both after 8 years everything. we said to explain what was happening in libya proved to be

support to be frank there was only international media support international media really stood behind this and the world learned of jamal and how he was a very good journalist but there was no other off issue international support whatsoever neither from europe the european union countries nor america there was no government level support if you're talking about media sports yes but turkey in that sense was left alone politically and legally the process continued then only because of turkey's efforts and risk all the marks report and efforts have we got to where we are now that on a personal level what happened is something that nobody. i can't even imagine you asked me how that last day started for me well this is something that nobody can even think about or explain with words that there is 180 degree change in my life last year on the day i was a woman who nobody knew about and who only wanted to get married to jamal now jamal is gone and with you here we are trying to figure out what happened to tomorrow. on a personal level i developed a social phobia about how people will react

the return of refugees migrants and internally displaced people. the return of refugees migrants and internally displaced people to those areas is under consideration if there is anyone who wants to contribute to this for people to those areas is under consideration if there is anyone who wants to contribute to this. but the issue of forming a military saved is not a question turkey can decide on its own but the issue of forming a military saves is not a question turkey can decide on its own it is not realistic either that setback didn't deter the next it is not realistic either that setback didn't deter berlin next up was a libya under rare foray into north african foreign policy in ended up with libya under a red foray into north african foreign policy in an attempt to mediate between the country's 2 governments the german f.m. try to get the attempt to mediate between the country's 2 governments the german f.m. try to get them to agree to a cease fire and to take part in a new international conference to agree to a cease fire and to take part in

ahmed ali for his efforts to achieve peace and international corporation and particularly for he's decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighboring every trail. the prize is also meant to recognize the stakeholders working for peace and reconciliation in ethiopia and in the east and north east african region. when i'll be off became prime minister in april 28th teen he made it clear that he wished to resume peace talks with a retreat are. in close cooperation with the side yes off valve again the president of a victory on our behalf quickly worked out the principles for a foreign and for peace agreement to end the long no peace no war stalemate between the 2 countries. these principles are set into declarations that prime minister of vienna and president that he signed in a smart and. in. july and september. an important premise for the breakthrough was obvious miss unconditional willingness to accept the obvious ration rootling of an internationally international boundary commission in 22. now peace does not ever eyes from the actions of one party alone when prime is pri

and up and coming kenyan designer who is on her part to break into the international fashion market with elements of tradition young and fresh designs and most definitely in style i'll be talking to her in a moment. for as long as katyusha can remember she's been fascinated by textiles when she was only 8 years old she knew she wanted to be a designer and created her 1st look from the evening dress her mother wore on the day she was married. it was the prettiest thing i'd ever seen and i thought even no one twit so i took it out of the cupboard soaked it up stapled it together used masking tape anything i could find and made it fit me this is to say that i got into very big trouble. now in her early thirty's in a designer is making a name with her creativity and is about to take her latest collection to catwalks and international show rooms 1st up and for the 1st time in her life is paris fashion week. i know this opportunity doesn't come easy and it's not something that everyone gets so i'm like i hope i do a good enough job at the same time i'm excited i like my work must have said som

and we're perfecting those systems on the international space station today. we have to look beyond 2028 and ask the question, where are the users? who will build the replacement for the place to test and develop long-term assurance that these systems will work on the day that we eventually do leave low-earth orbit for the martian surface. >> the biggest barrier is the cost of getting people and things up there which our partners are working onto try -- reusability is a key, clearly to try and lower the launch costs. but also frequency of launch. if you go to the cases of the users, if you're a user, you want to be sure that you can get access frequently based on whatever the pace of your business model requires. we'll see where we get to with the current plans. with respect to going further, to the radiation question, we have a lot of questions there. we need to understand the answers to those questions and manage that problem because radiation is not going to go away. that is sort of a -- i think what we have to do there. to chris's point, recycling is impor