play a role in international institutions.ant, though, is it gave an opportunity to diversify also into other countries. central asia, as you mention, into north africa too. so you learned your lesson from investing some would argue far too much of your capital into vladimir putin's russia at a time when nobody i think would really try to argue that he was upholding the principles backed in good old article one about multi—party democracy, pluralism and market economics. i don't think many would argue that putin was fulfilling all of those objectives. but you took that money after you were told you could no longer invest there and you put it into countries in central asia and north africa which again do not come even close to meeting your own founding principle. some assumptions there that need challenging. first of all, in 2012, the last russia country strategy in december, 2012 was approved after consultation with civil society and everyone else, and that had the political assessment in it. there was a lot of to and fro of c

ambassador, i know well the frustrations of multilateral diplomacy, but international institutions and collective action make us more effective. we should reject the deconstruction of the administrative state and update the post war international architecture that the united states built, because it remains the right framework for promoting peace and prosperity around the world. the fact is, we cannot bomb climate change or even violent extremism into submission. pandemic flu and zika won't stop the rio grande. cyber thieves and criminal cartels don't respect national boundaries. in today's interconnected world, we need collective action to achieve lasting security. we also need a well functioning state department. diplomacy isn't optional, but it's comparatively cheap. as secretary of defense mattis put it, if you don't fully fund the state department, then i need to buy more ammunition. for america to remain the unrivalled global leader, we must value and fully fund the talented career professionals who do the delicate work of diplomacy. [ applause ] third, our diplomacy needs to be

they overestimated the ability for international institutions to overt conflict now remembers the peace conference. there is a warning from history here, the real history we should learn is the history of what went wrong on globalization last self-destructive. it worries me when i hear these stories about franklin roosevelt, the united nations and tiny thomas living happily ever after, it is global baloney and worse. i suspect that in your heart you know. > for someone who does not want to be associated with dental trump, you certainly use the word fake several times, neil. i have refrained from associating with donald trump because i do not know how you feel about it one way or the other. but, let me just talk about the challenges that you raise. they are real. there is no question. donald trump thinks he is a singular unique phenomena and n some ways i suppose he is. his flexibility with the facts and matters like that, but in many ways he is part of a trend. a right-wing populism that is against the liberal international order. you see it everywhere. what is striking is where we you

we've been so much more peaceful and prosperous since 1945 thanks to those nice liberal international order institutionse united nations, the international monetary fund, the world trade organization and so on, why must these beastly populists spoil it all? that seems to me to be an extremely dangerous narrative for us to cling to. i don't think it is even good history to explain peace and prosperity in that way. in fact, i think it may be fake history. let me explain why i think that. why is it not liberal? well, because the principal beneficiary of this wonderful liberal international order has been china. yes, that has been the principal winner. back in 1980 china accounted for perhaps 2% of the world economy, and the u.s. and canada together were about a quarter of the world economy. what are the percentages now? well, today china accounts for 18% of the world economy and the u.s. and canada together slightly less, 17%. and on present trends, that differential will grow by 2021. the imf says china will account for a fifth of the world economy. how can it be a liberal international order if the princ

thank you so much for your time and forjoining us so quickly it tonight from the international instituteou. thank you. let's get more on this now with our technology correspondent, i don't know whether you join with an update. what's being said on forums and so on about what this is all who might be behind it? nhs digital thinks it might be a strain of ransomware digital thinks it might be a strain of ra nsomwa re called digital thinks it might be a strain of ransomware called wanna decryptor which is a form of ransomware that has been cracked in the past. it may be possible for them to remove it without paying the ransom being asked for. how much do we know about... we were hearing a little bit there about the sort of people who might be behind it? where i debased? do we know internationally, how much do we know about this sort of attack? very little. it is telling that the asked for their ransom in an online currency which means that you can pay it into someone's wallet in the internet and not be able to trace in 20. rather than an online transfer using a bank, the bank would be straig

you know, wants to remain in all the international organizations and institutions we are in.it as a path to global free trade and greatness. now, you might ask why you would then exit the largest free trade body in the world as a process of getting to free trade, but my point is if you look at the way in which britain has exited the european union as some kind of harbinger for what is happening, i would argue you're looking at the exception that proves the rule. europe has gone from six countries to 28. there was a line of countries desperately trying to get into europe. why? if britain is the one country that wants to get out, why do all these other countries want to get in? because they understand the virtue of the stability, of peace, of cooperation, because they see the before/after picture in europe like you have never seen anywhere in history. >> can i just push back a little bit here? [ applause ] because if you asked yourself what exactly the european union is, calling it a free trade area is a stretch, fareed, because what the european union has beco become, and this

. >> we are live this morning as the international institute for strategic studies is hosting a panel on north korea and on the nation's future.

. >> we are live this morning as the international institute for strategic studies is hosting a panel on north korea and on the nation's future. >> thanks very much for coming to this event for a discussion of north korea: boom or bust. dropout, we have a 30% rate for attendance. i think today we had a 30% increase in attendance. i think that is a true to our speakers and the issue at hand, which is one of the top security issues facing not just the united states, but the world. of a dialoguepart where we seek to address and shed light on the issues that come up. the dialogue is a gathering of defense ministers around the region and in other countries. there is one asian defense minister who will not be there. that is the north korean. i tried many times to get the north koreans to come and it has been a failure every time i have as an area toew improve on. let's get serious about north korea. we have four renowned experts to address aspects of the north startingsue should at the sis -- cs is. he's also a director of asian studies at georgetown university . from 2004-2007 he served as

live at the international institute for strategic studies at 10:00 eastern on c-span. later in the day, symposium exploring school integrations in brown versus board of education. the landmark 1954 supreme court decision that found state laws establishing separate schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. live coverage from the third of marshall college fund tomorrow at 1:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. ♪ >> c-span, for history unfold daily. created as aan was public service by america's cable television companies. it is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. general david perkins, head of the army's training command spoke at the utah council for citizen

it does play a role in international institutions.pportunity to diversify into other countries. central asia as you mentioned and north africa too. you learned your lesson from investing, some would argue, far too much of your capital into vladimir putin's russia at a time when nobody, i think, would really try to argue he was upholding the principles back to good, old article 1 about market economics and so on. i don't think many would argue putin was fulfilling those objectives. but you took that money after you were told you could no longer invest there and you put it into countries in central asia and north africa which again do not come even close to meeting your own founding principles. some assumptions there that need challenging. in december 2012 the russia urge strategy was approved after consultation with civil society and everyone else. there was a lot of to and fro, of course, with moscow over that. 2012, you were telling yourself that, yes, vladimir putin's russia ticks all the boxes, fully free market economics, pluralis

live from the international institute for strategic studies at 10:00 eastern here on c-span. later in the day, it's imposing at a school -- brown versus board of education, the landmark 1954 supreme court decision that found state laws establishing separate schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. live coverage from college fund, tomorrow at 1:15 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> systemic, where history unfolds daily. , c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies. it's brought you today your cable or satellite provider. >> over the next few hours here and c-span, a commencement addresses from around the country, with intent -- jersey senator cory booker, vice president -- mike pence, bill clinton, kelly ayotte, and the chair of the joint chiefs of staff, joseph number. we start with senator booker, who export to graduates of the commitment ceremony at the university of pennsylvania in philadelphia. [applause] thank you very much. it is incredible to be here and i want to thank you all for inviting me to be a part of this day of

associate for infrastructure planning and in her role as the infrastructure of expert for the international institute for sustainable development in the economic commission for europe, she is provided technical advisor resurfaces with the procurement processes. with asia america and europe . and she has done a lot of work with the financial approaches with experience to this and then looking at ways to retrieve. >> it is a pleasure to be here. it is very clear no the financing cost of the under investment it is no surprise the cost is very high. for the 241 water main breaks the then we have to cover the damages. between 18 and 28. with the mass transit system that cost an average the actually amounts to 100 million but finally the u.s. businesses have to pay so no wonder the american society for infrastructure and how they are preparing in maintaining the infrastructure as a result of this deficiency of urgency in national security projects 137 million the water systems in the oil and gas ports the distribution under different investment and there is a heated debate with the honest answer is yes. $1

i spoke earlier to mark fitzpatrick, executive director of the international institute for stategic studies to be the longest range missile that north korea has successfully tested to date. the range would be about a500 kilometres, if it was straight and not in the trajectory. that is about 1500 kilometres longer than anything north korea has tested to date and brings it closer to having an intercontinental ballistic missile range. how close is closer? they still would need to add more oomph to the missile, to reach the united states. they would need a range of 8000. there is considerable more to 90, 8000. there is considerable more to go, probably at least a couple more yea rs of go, probably at least a couple more years of development, but the pace of north korea's missile testing has been so rapid and the progress so great in the last couple of years, that it great in the last couple of years, thatitis great in the last couple of years, that it is unclear that they will be stopped before they can reach the united states. mark fitzpatrick there. stay with us on bbc world news, still to co

so the importance, the centrality and the operational capacity of working through international institutions would be for me legacy number one. two, would be in an era today when we hear talk of deconstructing the administrative state and a term that most people did not think of coming out of the circles, putting into the oval office and then turn and use in different ways by steven bannon. i do think this is the period in america political history where a move and conference in the administrative capacity of federal institutions of one of the notable part of the wilson's administration. when this debate broke out of the role of race which i will get to, for me, this was always something that i had focus on when discussing woodrow wilson. the amount of institution building that takes place during his presidency is quite remarkable from the creation of the progressive income tax and the notion that we could administer system like this both in war and peace on a permanent basis to the beginning and coordinating and centralizing our banking system through the federal reserve and through new reg

but international institutions and collective action make us more effective. we should reject the deconstruction of the administrative state and update the postwar international architecture that the united bui states built. because it remains the right framework for promoting peace and prosperity around the world. the fact is we cannot bomb climate change or even violent extremism into submission. pandemic flu and zika won't stop at the rio grande. side with these and criminal cartels don't respect national boundaries.s in today's interconnected world we need collective action to achieve lasting security. we also need a well functioning state department. [laughing] diplomacy is an optional, but it's comparatively cheap pick a secretary of defense matas put it, if you don't fully fund the state department, that i need to buy more ammunition for america, to remain the unrivaled global leader, we must value and fully fund the talented career professionals who do the delicate work of diplomacy. [applause] >> third, our diplomacy needs to be backed by an equal dedi

the police chief who has usf international institute of criminology is proof that open spaces are easy targets. >> you cannot put a cop on every street corner. our society would not stand for that. we have to be reasonable. >> should we put screeners around major event areas? >> i think there is a certain expectation of freedom that we have particularly in not enclosed public places. that would be a tough sell. >> in ramping up security the public not experts must decide. >> the public will accept certain restrictions if they understand why and understand they are reasonable. >> example advanced technology apply to all promises. >> that's something that would help law enforcement are expecting it to nology developed by the pacific northwest national laboratory shows real promise for protecting the masses in open mass gatherings. >> the work we are doing now is related to doing extremely low- level detection of explosives. >> instead of wiping a cloth from your bad for you to pick up tiny articles this technology sniffs the vapors all explosives put off. >> we could see the vapor coming

morning, a conversation about north korea and asia related security issues hosted by the international institute for strategic study. live at 10:00 a.m. eastern. life after brown versus board of education, the landmark 1954 supreme court decision that declared state laws establishing separate state schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. over the next two hours here on c-span, commencement addresses from around the country, with new jersey senator cory booker, -- the chair of the joint chiefs of staff, general joseph dunford. we start with senator booker, who spoke to graduates of the commitment ceremony at the university of pennsylvania in philadelphia. [applause] senator booker: thank you very much. o be here, and i want to thank you all for inviting me to be a part of this day of history in your lives, i want to thank you for allowing me to be a small part of this extraordinary community. i want to congratulate the graduates, and i want to thank everyone who helped to make this possible and when i say everyone, so many people helped to make this day possible. i want to th

morning come a conversation about north korea and asia-related security issues hosted by the international institute for strategic studies. live at 10:00 a.m. eastern. n the afternoon, mark 1954 supreme court decision that declared state laws separating schools to be unconstitutional. announcer: over the next few hours here on c-span, addresses from around the country, with new jersey senator cory booker, vice president mike pence, bill clinton, kelly ayotte, and the chair of the joint chiefs of staff, general joseph dunford appeared -- joseph dunford. we start with senator booker, who spoke to graduates of the commitment ceremony at the university of pennsylvania in philadelphia. [applause] senator booker: thank you very much. it is incredible to be here, and i want to thank you all for inviting me to be a part of this day of history in your lives, i want to thank you for allowing

is fromhe data international institutions. we gathered this data.reflected it back to the world. the top five are there and i would be happy to talk about them, but it's not what i see, it's what we know as a world. industries, u.n., scientists. it's reflecting it back to humanity. charlie: is this becoming a crucial part of your life? arehis something you becoming more and more an advocate to do something? >> 100%. when? me, then who and -- i believe that we are spiritual beings having a human experience. if we look beyond our human experience, we are having an experience. we get to have relationships and experience all the emotions that we get to experience, live on this amazing planet. , i want to use the tools i've been given because we are always learning. we will be learning until we take our last breath. i think the more i learn and share what i learn, i have a platform. it's my responsibility, i feel. it's my responsibility as a citizen as a human being, and i want to make information -- knowledge is power. the more people have access to inf

. >> and he wants to reform, stay in the international institutions but reform them. 41 minutes after the hour. how do the results in france affect the eu and more? we'll hear from international correspondent christiane amanpour in just a moment. albreakthrough withyou back. non-drowsy allegra® for fast 5-in-1 multi-symptom relief. breakthrough allergies with allegra®. >>> french voters are rejecting the far right by delivering a victory to centrist independent emmanuel macron. france's president-elect seen by many as the best hope to keep the eu from unraveling. for more on what the future holds for france, we turn to cnn chief international correspondent christiane amanpour. she joins us live from paris. she's been there through the weekend for this runoff election. and this is a fascinating victory, and it's decisive, isn't it? you could call this a landslide. >> reporter: it is, honestly, by any numbers, it is a landslide. he gets about 66%, compared to about 33% for his opponent. but don't forget, there were a significant number of abstentions and spoiled ballots, so he's not out

remember how he spoke about globalism, about disrupting global order, about going against international institutions and norms that have become the center of u.s. foreign policy and western policy for a long time, the president has been moving in this direction, and these comments i think are reflective of what is at the core of his presidency rather than just a one-off stray remark. >> let's have a break in our conversation, get in our first break. >>> coming up, the question posed by the president of the united states, quote, why was there the civil war? and his assertion that had andy jackson come along a bit later there wouldn't have been one at all. we'll check all that with jackson's biographer when "the 11th hour" continues. spontaneous moment? cialis for daily use treats ed and the urinary symptoms of bph. tell your doctor about your medicines, and ask if your heart is healthy enough for sex. do not take cialis if you take nitrates for chest pain, or adempas® for pulmonary hypertension, as this may cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure. do not drink alcohol in excess. to avoid long-term inj

live from the international institute for strategic studies at 10:00 eastern here on c-span. later in the day, it's imposing at a school -- brown versus board of education, the landmark 1954 supreme court decision that found state laws establishing separate schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. live coverage from college fund, tomorrow at 1:15 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> systemic, where history unfolds daily. ,n 1979

remember how he spoke about globalism, about disrupting global order, about going against international institutions and norms that have become the center of u.s. foreign policy and western policy for a long time, the president has been moving in this direction, and these comments i think are reflective of what is at the core of his presidency rather than just a one-off stray remark. >> let's have a break in our conversation, get in our first break. >>> coming up, the question posed by the president of the united states, quote, why was there the civil war? and his assertion that had andy jackson come along a bit later there wouldn't have been one at all. we'll check all that with jackson's biographer when "the 11th hour" continues. . >>> people don't realize, you know, the civil war -- if you think about it, why? people don't ask that question. but why was there the civil war? why could that one not have been worked out? >> welcome back to "the 11th hour." among president's most perplexing comments today, those on the civil war. and our seventh president, andrew jackson. the topic came up in an inte

50,000 people died in syria's civil war in 2016 according to a new report released by the international institute. it brings me to my question -- where was the second most lethal conflict in 2016? afghanistan, iraq, yemen, or mexico? stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. >>> this week's book of the week is harold evans "do i make myself clear, why writing well matters." he was voted the greatest newspaper editor in history having headed the london times, new york daily news, u.s. news, the atlantic and random house. now he has distilled a life's worth of lessons, rules and anecdotes into a spirited punchy book that is sparkingly well written. read the book and you will write and think more clearly. now for the last look. everybody knows children's stories like the tortoise and the hare, green eggs and ham or charlie and the chocolate factory. are you familiar with the belt and road? probably not. it's new, part of a series of english language videos from china daily, a state-run news website. the "new york times" wrote about the effort this week. these videos ostensibly for children d

according to a new report released by the international institute for strategic studies this week.cond most lethal conflict in 2016. afghanistan, iraq, yemen or mexico. stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. the book of the week is "do i make myself clear?" evans was voted the greatest noo newspaper in history. now he has distilled a life's worth of lessons, rules into a spirited book that is well-written. read this book and you will write and think more clearly. and now for the last look. everybody knows children's stories like the tortoise and the hair, green eggs and ham or charlie and the chocolate factory. are you familiar with the belt and robe? probably not. that's because it's new. part of videos from english language video, from a state run news website. "the new york times" wrote about the effort this week. the videos for children describe china's great infrastructure and diplomatic push. it's so-called one belt one road initiative. that is the plan to connect china with the rest of the world with a 21st century version of the ancient road. the videos are calle

a recent report by the international institute for strategic studies says mexico endured the second mostonflict deaths of any country in the world last year, with a staggering 23,000 people killed amidst mexico so-called war on drugs. mexico was second only to syria, where 50,000 people were killed in 2016 by the ongoing war. the third, fourth, and fifth most dangerous countries were iraq, afghanistan, and yemen. we are joined right now by a colleague and friend of javier, award-winning mexican journalist anabel hernandez. she has also faced attacks and death threats for her reporting on the mexican drug trade, and has said "a journalist who has to walk with bodyguards in an embarrassment for any nation." hernandez is the author of "narcoland: the mexican drug lords and their godfathers" and "mexico in flames: the legacy of calderon." anabel hernandez welcome to , democracy now! we are speaking to you in rome, italy, so there is a little bit of a delay. can you talk about who javier was, the reporter who was gunned down this week right next to the offices of the newspaper he founded? >>

economic conference with bank of england governor mark carney on the effects of international financial regulations. the institute of international finance hosts the forum. >> thank you very much, tim. thank you all for taking a few moments before lunch, between tax and before lunch. that's a tough -- that's a tough slot. but i wanted to come back to the iif's washington policy summit. i was last here at a similar gathering in 2011. which was very early in the international financial reform process. and from the iif's perspective of that time and they've done a lot of thought and research about the issues at the time, there were three major concerns about that reform process. the first was whether or not the reforms were consistently implemented across the g-20, secondly, what about regulatory arbitrage, particular fli shadow banking? and thirdly, whether the reform process itself would impair the recovery that was just beginning at the time. and i'm going to start by suggesting that those debates i would suggest have been largely settled to the positive. they're being consistently and properlily implemented in t

paul: all the carbon data is from international institutions. what we did, is we gather this data. research scientists, and we are reflecting it back to the world, what it knows. the top five are there and i would be happy to talk about them, but it's not what i see, it's what we know as a world. as international industries, academics, universities, at the u.n., and scientists. it gathered what humanity knows and is reflecting it back to humanity. charlie: is this becoming a crucial part of your life? gisele: yes. charlie: is this something you are becoming more and more an advocate to do something? gisele: 100%. if not me, then who and when? we have a limited amount of time here. i believe that we come back many times. charlie: you believe we come back many times? gisele: i believe we are spiritual beings having a human experience. if we look beyond our human experience, we are having an experience. we get to have relationships and experience all the emotions that we get to experience, eat the food from the trees live on , this amazing planet. i want to use whatever tools i have b

amy: a new report by the international institute for strategic studies says that mexico endured the second-most conflict deaths of any country last year with a staggering 23,000 people killed amid the country's so-called war on drugs. mexico was second only to syria, where 50,000 people were killed in 2016 by the ongoing war. the 3rd, 4th, and 5th most dangerous countries were iraq, afghanistan, and yemen. in new york state, residents are celebrating the news that texas-based company crestwood midstream announced it is nixing plans to expand a natural gas storage facility in abandoned salt caverns at seneca lake, a drinking water source for 100,000 people. the project has faced years of sustained resistance from local residents. more than 650 residents, teachers, health workers, faith leaders, scientists, military veterans, and others arrested blockading construction during the years long campaign. following this victory, residents say they're still committed to fighting crestwood's separate plans for a propane storage facility in the area. to see our full coverage of the seneca lake struggle o

but international institutions and collective action make us more effective. we should reject the deconstruction of the administrative state and update the architecture that the united states built because it remains the right framework for promoting peace and prosperity around the world. the fact is we cannot bomb climate change and violent extremist into submission. pandemic flu and zika won't stop at the rio grande. criminal cartels don't respect national boundaries, in today's interconnected world we need collective action to achieve lasting security. we also need a well-functioning state department. diplomacy isn't optional but it's chief. as general mattis said if you don't fully fund the state department then i need to buy more ammunition. for america, to remain the unrivalled global leader, we must value and fully fund the talented career professionals who do the delicate work of diplomacy. [ applause ] third, our diplomacy needs to be backed by an equal dedication to smart development. helping other peoples is neither charity nor wasteful spending. it

he does not believe in international institutions in the way most american presidents always have.not believed on having pressure on these totalitarian or authoritarian figures throughout the world. this has upended american foreign policy in the same way he's upended domestic policy. >> do you think it's part of his anti-establishment attitude, which is just if everybody else says these guys are no good, i'm going to say something good about them? just defiance. >> i think that's the right word. there's a very strong bright line of defiance there. if the conventional wisdom and behavior is in this direction, then donald trump is clearly going to take the alternative path. but to build off what robert just said, there are two aspects of trump's personality on this that i think are important to understand. what do all of these individuals that you rightly laid out have in common? two things. one, popularity and power. and those are the two things he respects particularly in tandem. they're popular because they rigged the polls and they forced the -- you know, the rhetoric around tha

founded after the iron curtain fell, the ceu is an international postgraduate institution. mr.ekes: i feel this is a very, very esteemed institution, it is the best in hungary objectively, and not just by its academic standards, but also by its humanistic value. here, you can actually feel that you are treated as a partner in learning and you are treated as a young generation who will hopefully do great things and aspire to great things, and the professors, the faculty, administration and all other students are very much supportive in this. reporter: the ceu encourages and educates students for the future to lead a free, democratic, and westward-looking hungary. but the new law threatens to shut down the university if it doesn't establish a campus in its home country -- the u.s. -- by next year. laszlo palkovics, hungary's education secretary, defends the legislation. he disapproves of the fact that students can also receive american diplomas, and that hungary has no control over the criteria. mr. palkovics: we want that the ceu, and also the hungarian version works very well.

. >> china, an international financial institutions like the i.m.f.ay that launching these projects will help the countries involved. but for china, one of the main reasons behind the plan is the need to deal with its industrial overcapacity, given inside own company's work and use the steel and coal it massively produced to fuel the economy. many of the projects will use that raw material. to pay for them, china, its banks and credit funds will lend money to the countries involved. while the i.m.f. said this can potentially boost global growth, critics say there are risks. china has developed its own economy through massive building and debt and when it exports its model, other weaker economies may not be able to cope with that strain, especially if some of the projects do not generate the expected revenues and if lenders don't manage the risks properly. china's own debt burden also could increase. >> will, talk us through the markets today. will: we're seeing cyberand oil stocks rally. markets on wall street are mixed at the moment. the ftse is up a

since 1945 the united states is going to make big investments in things like nato and international institutions like the u.n. they created a world where conflicts like world war i and world war ii with 100 million casualties, do not happen as often, or at all, especially with nuclear weapons. that is a system we do not think about very much but all of us live our lives supported and protected by. be verywe ought to respectful of the danger of messing with that too much. president trump ran on the idea that he was going to question a lot of that, and it is ok to question an updated, but it is a system that is fragile so you cannot disrupted and assume it will bounce back. you have got to take care of it and invest in it, and that will take leadership that the president of the united states is only person who can provide that. thet: if i can jump in, europeans have not spent enough on defense. that has been true for any number of decades. the reason why we have put up basict is the very -- fact that the instability in europe has resulted in two wars, and that is greater than any cost difference t

all the carbon data is from peer reviewed science, the other from the from international institutions so what we did was we gathered this data, our research scientists and were reflecting it back to the world what it knows so the top five are there, and i will be happy to talk about them. but it's not what i see, it's what we know as a world, as international agencies, as academics, as universities, as the u.n., as scientists. and so that's what it is, it gathered what humanity knows and reflecting it back to humanity. >> rose: is this becoming a crucial part of your life? >> yes. >> rose: is this something that you are becoming more and more as an advocate to do something. >> 100 percent. because you know what, i feel like, i always say its if not me then who, if not now, when. you know what i mean. it's like we have only a limited amount of time here on this body, i really believe we come back many times. >> rose: you believe we come back many times. >> i believe that we are having, you know, i believe that we are spiritual beings having a human experience. and if we look beyond jus

according to the international institute of strategic studies, which is about as authoritative as theyget, russia spent all of about $59 billion on defense last year. that is one-tenth of the american total. france spent 47 billion. it's not too far from the russian total. the uk spent 53 billion, which is even closer. germany is further down at 38 billion, but germany basically in recent years has probably been the least effective defense spender in the nato alliance. it's a force posture has shrunk far more quickly and its readiness that its defense spending. and, of course, it's one of the most critical single country in the alliance. in contrast to that in saudi arabia does what i think it will do, something we've been seeking for about ten years, which is to improve its naval forces, will actually take place. that should be at least a source of some consolation. but i would have to say that we would all be better off if the president focus on the quality and meaning of what spending accomplishes, rather than spending. i only have about half a century of government experience, bu b

lose our sovereignty, that we have trade agreementses and we have other tribunals or other international institutions that tell us what we want to do about environmental standards or various other kinds of things and so there is this concern about sovereignty and was the appropriate level of decision making and what things do we want top have decided at a multilateral level and environmental protections and tax policy. there are a lot of things that make sense to do multilaterally which doesn't mean that every single decision gets made in some invisible organization that you don't have any control over, so i think that the issue -- the problem of sovereignty gets raised as people feel that they've lost control of things that matter to them. and so sometimes i think it's exaggerated in people's mind. i think that was the brexit concern and now i've actually forgotten the rest of your question. >> i was wondering if there's advantages or disadvantages and the bilateral agreements are quite limited. they're very narrow in scope and you can carve out much more precise terms and it's much easier to enforc

and in her whole role as an infrastructure finance expert for the international institute for sustainable development and the un economic commission for europe, she has provided technical advisory services with regard to looking at infrastructure procurement processes for governments throughout asia, america and europe and she's done a lot of work looking at a variety of financial opportunities and has developed a lot of experience through this in terms of the role of public private partnerships as a proponent of looking at ways to deal with sustainable infrastructure. >> thank you very much. it's a pleasure to be here with you today. so it's very clear now that there's a financing cost link to the underinvestment of resilient infrastructure and it's no surprise that that is very high in the us due to the efficiency in their current water system there's an estimate of 240 water main breaks for year, causing severe property damages. there's the lack of resiliency in the electricity greed causes an average between 18 to 28 power outage losses and tom mentioned there's actually a real proble

it plays into so many of the anxieties here in this country about immigration, about pan-international institutions like the european union. so many of the same discussions that we're having in the united states. that's why it is very interesting to hear someone like paul ryan weighing in on this when you are hearing donald trump in the middle east who's made so many entreaties to middle eastern leaders regarding the fight against terrorism that was so warmly received. now this strike, this attack last night, it hit here in manchester. this is the heart of multi-cultural england. that's why for so many here, especially in the neighborhoods like where this 23-year-old was arifted just earlier today, this is going to be cause of anxiety for so many other reasons. if you're a muslim here in manchester -- and there are quite a few. this is one of britain's largest muslim minority communities. it's been here for decades, ever since so many muslims came over from south asia. so this is going to be dealing a body blow, not just to the confidence of this country and their government, in their security inst

live from the international institute of strategic studies and later, a symposium looking at brown versusoard of education which found state laws establishing separate for black and white students to be unconstitutional. live coverage from the thurgood marshall college fund on c-span at one point 15 p.m. eastern -- 1:15 p.m eastern. announcer: bob woodward set down with --this is 20 minutes. [applause] mike: appreciate it. thank you for being here and thank you to this amazing team that has put together this amazing space. i hope you all got some bacon and goat cheese oatmeal like mom used to make. so we thank mexico and their quaker tropicana and nutrition brand for sponsoring this conversation series and making this amazing event possible. thank all of you for reading axios. we bring that smart format to our events as well, so you will see quick segments that leave you

according to the international institute of strategic studies, which is about as authoritative as theyet, russia spent all of about $59 billion on defense last year. that is one-tenth of the american total. france spent 47 billion. it's not too far from the russian total. the uk spent 53 billion, which is even closer. germany is further down at 38 billion, but germany basically in recent years has probably been the least effective defense spender in the nato alliance. it's a force posture has shrunk far more quickly and its readiness that its defense spending. and, of course, it's one of the most critical single country in the alliance. in contrast to that in saudi arabia does what i think it will do, something we've been seeking for about ten years, which is to improve its naval forces, will actually take place. that should be at least a source of some consolation. but i would have to say that we would all be better off if the president focus on the quality and meaning of what spending accomplishes, rather than spending. i only have about half a century of government experience, but b