european partners they are doing not to a certain degree that's what the latest international institute for strategic studies figures show a 4 percent rise in international fence spending but also particular european defense spending so that will be seen very positively by the united states but there is underlying. friction i'd say also how to deal with russia and with china and here we heard from the man in mccall that although there are many values not said with russia after all that there is a need to cooperate with russia and he actually sees it as a failure of the west that russia was able to gain so much influence in syria after the europeans and the west didn't act very resolutely that. we also heard this morning and i think importantly for nato secretary general. just to have a quick listen to what he had to say and hear your reaction. the all i'm sure is more your. i'm on degree but this is only part of it. because more europe cannot mean europe alone. and the attempts to distance europe from north america not only weakens the transatlantic bomb on our ability to compete on the global stage it also

roles inany important academia and think tanks and currently runs the international institute for strategic studiesin london. and is frankly a better historian than many card-carrying historians. so we are honored to be here. and finally professor andrew preston. a canadian by birth and citizenship, did much of his dedication and studies in the u.s. and is now professor and u.k. at cambridge. also different and a contributor to the book. with that we are going to turn it over to our panel. each will be reading his or her comments from and then we will have a q&a. please join me in welcoming the panel. [applause] >> it is set up like it is otherwise i am sure will would the microphone to his level and i would've had to be jumping up and down to reach at. me say how thrilled i was to join this project, to accept jeff's invitation. drama controversy and applications and i would say ongoing applications that attended the bush administration's decision to surge in iraq, for any historian of u.s. foreign relations and i will escrow the were historian, the subject is really irresistible. i will underscore

grandmama web is a research fellow in the institute for defense and strategic studies at the. school of international studies at nanyang technological university he joins us via skype thank you very much i'm 1st of all what was there any validity to what the president there was saying about how he saved some aspects of the philippines what is he talking about there when i think of several ways to see this i think this is a game or. you know very much been mentioned if you like it's a dialogue between 2 businessmen or 2 respected presidents who see themselves as very savvy businessmen playing a poker game and i think what trump is doing in this case is calling on president of the group that is love to see the real deal want to go down this road that essentially the end of the endgame were to be so many asians a long standing mutual defense treaty a call of the philippines and the united states of a ship so i think it remains to be seen it will be interesting developments over the next 4872 hours in the east about what the philippines nonuse to do desponding in a way that allows the president to take i