under irca, applicants had to meet english language and u.s. history and civics requirements, and states and localities were a big part of providing the classes that the applicant needed to fulfill those requirements. under daca, applicants have to have a high school diploma or a ged or must be currently in school. job-related english courses or other adult education courses can also be applicable, and these are things that are often coordinated by states and localities. some are going above and beyond. in new york, the city council created additional adult education slots and prioritized unauthorized immigrants that were applying for daca so they could get the education courses they needed to fulfill the educational requirements. finally protections from fraud. ,protection from fraudulent or predatory immigration legal service providers. this means that states and localities can play a role in protecting immigrants from people who try to target them and charge exorbitant fees for services that they may or may not be able to provide. we know th

under irca, applicants had to meet english language and u.s. history and civics requirements, and states and localities were a big part of providing the classes that the applicant needed to fulfill those requirements. under daca, applicants have to have a high school diploma or a ged or must be currently in school. job-related english courses or other adult education courses can also be applicable, and these are things that are often coordinated by states and localities. some are going above and beyond. in new york, the city council created additional adult education slots and prioritized unauthorized immigrants that were applying for daca so they could get the education courses they needed to fulfill the educational requirements. finally protections from fraud. ,protection from fraudulent or predatory immigration legal service providers. this means that states and localities can play a role in protecting immigrants from people who try to target them and charge exorbitant fees for services that they may or may not be able to provide. we know th

irca had various provisions in andboth legalization verification, but that spike has to do with the adjustment or legalization of a lot of people that were already here. it helps to understand if you were to take that spike and ended over to the left -- and then it over to the left and lay down on top of the previous years, because those people physically arrived in earlier years but they legally were act.ted under the '86 they were here before but they were able to apply legally for citizenship -- guest: they were able to apply legally for immigrant status. host: and that accounts for that spike we are seeing there. then what happens? level -- normalized does this normalize the level? guest: people who qualified who were not otherwise unmissable. -- not otherwise admissible. host: small window, certain amount of time. that window closed? guest: i would have to go back and check when that closed but it is a wave of workload that would be have to -- that would have to be digested and processed. host: hi, paul, you are on the air. caller: yes, ma'am. politicianshave had and republicans and peopl

looking into the history and see what were the rules that states and localities took on with respect to irca in the late 1980's and issuing driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants, provides clues to what the potential roles and responsibilities of states and localities moving forward. i think the federal government needs to be aware of the impact that their discussions in terms of eligibility requirements and documentation, what is the impact on states and localities as well as the timing. i know that the federal government, of course, also needs to think about timing and how long they have to get ready to implement a new program. but there are many other people in state and local governments and in nongovernmental organizations that are also adhering to that time line. and of course, funding. i think that states and localities want to be involved in implementation but they can't necessarily do it for free and they may not have their own resources to be able to kick in. so i think that there is something that federal government needs to think about is it there is going to be a role for