the ireland i was growing up in was and ireland where girls and women knew their place, their place was in the home or in the nunnery or if they were talented enough they could become writers or artists or musicians. i was very aware that boys had much more options even though my parents very often repeated that i had the same opportunities that my brothers had and they would support me in that. after six years of sacred boarding school in dublin, i realize that the options were not really very exciting and most of my contemporaries at the time were talking about what they would do for a year or two before they married. marriage was the goal, the objective and parents would help with that and it was expected. i had benefited from various in my background who had done other things. a great and who had been very forceful as the reverend mother in britain and talked-about how she tried to influence education policy in england. i enjoyed talking with her when i was a teenager and even more so my father's older sister, his two sisters became nuns but the older sister who had gone to india wi

a great deal of confusion existed about the direction ireland was headed in. the investment an opportunity was limited. in february 2011, the people government a my resounding mandate to make difficult decisions, to sort out our problems and fix our finances, to restructure the way business is done in ireland and work with our colleagues to put our people back to work. because of their sacrifice and theef and understanding of necessity to make difficult decisions, and because there is a clear and strategic plan in place, we have made a very credible start in iraq -- in rectifying this in ireland. after years of chronic contraction, the economy is now beginning to show promise in signs of expansion and a return of some degree of confidence. it is now entering the third consecutive year of growth, competitiveness, and exports have increased. .rices are back .xports are more successful international confidence in our country has been restored. the top leaders are economists and investors. a look at ireland in a different light than they did a short time ago. 2012

northern ireland tries to begin a peace process. those that were interested the time the two men were nominated they also said we shall have a more elected presidency they have not suggested things are if you run for office one way or another, you get to know how to be in tune with two you are speaking to or hone your arguments. after a early burly election i was elected president and in my speech of acceptance with that incredible excitement and huge emotion it was a signal of a different ireland that somebody of my record would be elected to serve as presidents for seven years and so many people cried. have a choice because they could not believe it the imide acceptance speech and i singled out and saying to those women of ireland because i knew that was one of the things that helped of course, and a general election you have to be voted men and women but there were so many wives to did not tell their husbands but just voted differently or daughters did not tell their father and i have proof of that more recently i was in boise id

. >> ifill: and ray suarez reports on ireland's comeback after the global recession. >> suarez: rather than wait around for the return of jobs that may never come back, thousands of irish are starting their own businesses. >> woodruff: plus, jeffrey brown talks to the co-authors of a new book about murder, murderers, and the death penalty at the supreme court. >> we're both intrigued by the stories behind those crimes. there are human beings, victims, perpetrators, families. we take it literally from the scene of the crime to the court. >> ifill: that's all ahead on tonight's newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connec us. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >>

. >> my dog was in ireland. how ireland? >> a dog trz trip takes an unexpected detour. >> leigh: i'm meteorologist leigh glaser. delightful saturday today. temperatures in the 70s, get ready for big weather changes. we'll look at >> carolyn: new at 5:00, activists in san francisco commemorate the anniversary of the syrian revolution with a rally in union square. the first protest in march 2011 challenged the dictatorship that ruled sarah for -- rule syria for years. one million syrians have fled the country. the san francisco chapter of the syrian-american council held today's demonstration. >>> the san francisco symphony says quiet with musicians still on strike. tonight's concert is the third cancellation since musicians went on strike on wednesday. i you have tickets you can get a refund or exchange them. the musicians and symphony manage. negotiated over the past two days but have not come to a resolution. the musicians want more money. the status of sunday's can certain will be announced later tonight. >>> up next, an a

. >> woodruff: to the economy of another european nation, ireland. good times turned sour during the worldwide financial crisis. but now there are signs of a turn-around driven by locally grown businesses. ray suarez reports from dublin. >> suarez: for 15 years western europe had few economies like ireland's. from the early '90s to 2008, the economy grew at breakneck speed. banks grew even faster, and, it seemed, lent money to anyone who asked-- and still more money gushed in from the outside world. when the global recession hit, the bubble burst. the celtic tiger was declawed. unemployment shot up. countless "for sale" and "for rent" signs sprouted, even on dublin's most desirable streets. construction projects just stopped. the workers were sent home, the carcasses of buildings left to sit for years, maybe never to be finished. talk to the irish today about what happened, and you get a mixture of wonder, sadness, and regret, from a father on a day out at the mall with his baby daughter... >> it was a little bit unsustainable. maybe we were living i

i'm here in ireland reading every paper just in case. i will move ahead.he lacies lived in cottage and palace. in 1848 dozens of families left cottage and the adjoining towns of pad ox, dogs town and palace. i find no mentions of evictions in the newspaper. 731 reported people the largest eviction of a town land in one day happened not 20 miles from cottage and palace in april of 1849. the story had one short paragraph about it in the paper. could it be that most evictions did not make it to the newspaper unless someone died? in the news of january 19th 1848, judith was ejected off a small farm by the landlords james and john parker. she wandered in want without shelter and entered her former abode on the 18th of august last. for this forceable possession shes tried and sentenced to 6 months confinement which punishment of and died of natural causes. eventually i find mention of the easterly of conwell evicting tenants in the near by town land. september 13, 1848 the newspaper says on monday last the agent of lord kwanwell attended by sheriff, police and b

, and also bray, ireland.u can see they are almost identical in terms of their overall view. you've got some of the rolling hills and, of course, they are quite green. i actually thought the one on the top was dublin, ireland, first. definitely, it's right here in the east bay. a little bit of cloud cover to start the morning hours. temperatures in the upper 40s. and then as we head through the noon hour, things warm up into the low and also mid-60s. and by the afternoon, upper 60s and low to mid-70s. for the st. patrick's day festival, we'll have temperatures by saturday and sunday in the low to mid-70s, real awesome weather. we're getting a little bit of the irish luck as we head into the weekend and again tonight happening right here behind me, it's calm but at 6:00 p.m. we have the green and white gala going on and the pancake breakfast and also the parade which, again, thousands of people come out for. that's going to be starting just after 9:00 in the morning. on the seven-day forecast, we get sunshine c

this is an awesome party in ireland. the green and white ball happening for the next two-and-a-half days if you're headed out to dublin. we have incredible weather with temperatures in the 70s, some haze and clouds heading into this upcoming weekend. and you can get more information, again, by coming on out here and doing some sort of google search on dublin parades. that's happening tomorrow just after 9:30 in the morning. now, as far as our forecast goes over the next couple of days, we'll eventually get some rainfall in here. it's not going to happen tomorrow, last the great news. the luck of the irish is on our side out here in the rolling hills of dublin in the east bay. and on that seven-day forecast, real quick, we have buckets of rain as they would say in ireland coming our way for tuesday and also wednesday. back on screen live again, the irish step dancers going at it tonight. and raj and jess, i know you're feeling left out at home. glenn, come on over back this way. i have a little present for you. we are goi

our national agenda in ireland is a small country and is equally urgent. the government is elected. we had 250,000 jobs lost in the three years prior to that decision in the private sector. our name and our credibility and integrity had -- confusion about the direction our was i was heading in and therefore investment and opportunity was limited. in february of 2011 the people voted and voted to give my government aid resounding mandate to make difficult solutions to fix our public finances ammar structure the way business is done in ireland to work with our colleagues essentially to put our people back to work. because of your sacrifice and their belief and because of their understanding of the necessity to make difficult decisions and because of the clear and strategic plan in place we have made a very credible starter in rectifying an unprecedented economic situation in ireland. so after years of chronic contraction the economy is now beginning to show promising signs of expansion and a return of some degree of confidence. in fact it's now entering its third consecutive year of g

not basically ireland what i meant was that ireland already bailed out of going to the going to come back to ireland the coming back right but here's my point there's reach everywhere right now and these countries are in a depression and i don't understand why the media isn't picking up and calling it what it is it's not an economic recession italy has had i think nine quarters of negative g.d.p. g.d.p. growth and you know in spain you've got youth unemployment approaching sixty percent so now you're going to have a total revolt against the euro this is not a good thing you know it basically is a signal now that the euro is not safe and anything can happen anything is not taken off the board i mean germany is the paymaster here and i think that what it indicates is preposterous ahead of the german election because this is an itsy bitsy you know it's a bit steep payout which was ten billion and if you think about the first bailouts like greece bailout one was one hundred ten billion euros and then bell out two and then bailout three bailout for bailout five i mean belo infinity has be

we'll tell you what's next for ireland baldwin coming up in this half hour of "gma."ning, everybody. i'm dan harris. >> and i'm bianna golodryga. it's sunday, march 10th. she is such a beautiful girl. >> beautiful girl. >>> also ahead this morning, speaking of alec baldwin, he was with singer, actor and show stealer justin timberlake, who made another memorable appearance, and this time he has some big name friends by his side on "saturday night live." >>> if you're feeling a little sluggish from moving the clocks ahead overnight, here's a story to cheer you up. the story behind the dancing grandmother. there she is. ♪ ♪ ♪ yeah. >> and wait. >> she can move, and the story is coming up in "fixation." >> wait till you hear what she has to say. >> she works -- she works blue, we'll say that. >> yes. >>> but we'll start this half hour with the girls' high school softball coach in trouble for sending his players out to find him dates. the coach is accused of using the team to help him meet women, and abc's tai hernandez is here. good morning, tai. >> hey, good morning, you

that's your 6.3 currently living in ireland.ss. >> you're not going to believe it. they do not know one another. where are you from? >> texas. >> are you kidding? what do leprechauns do for a living? do they make shoes for fairies, sell their pots of gold? do they make green and red jackets or make fake gold out of the chocolate? >> d? >> all right. the correct answer here is they make shoes for fairies? >> yes. that's right. apparently. they're -- the origins is all very murky, and we think they're related back to old folklore traditions, but apparently their 9 to 5 is making shoes for fairies. yeah, that's what it is. >> thanks for coming to see us. happy st. paddy's day. >> no, no, wait, hoda. >> what? >> we want everybody in texas to friend us on facebook. >> oh, yes. >> we have something for you. okay. everybody. let's go! [ barking ] >> bark your brains out! bark your brains out. >> woof. >>> we're going to talk about the five skills that made you a success in school. oh, it might kill our career. back after this. license

ireland. >> question eight. >> [inaudible] >> sorry, i look for to visiting soon.ghter] i did very much enjoy my recent visit when i went to the toyota factory in which many of her constituents work. and i'm sure i will be back there, soon. >> i know my right honorable friend is quite rightly taking a proactive role in leading trade mission to india and other countries. does he agree with me that the small manufacturing companies like those bed should also be given the chance to play their start in driving britain's exports to emerging markets like india, china, and the rest of? >> my honorable friend is right, we have improved our performance in terms of exports and goods as i said earlier to these key emerging markets, but the real challenge is to get smes exporting to if we could increase i think the figure is from one in five to one in four would wipe out our trade deficit, which create many jobs and a lot of investment at the same time. i've led trade missions every single g20 country apart from argentina and other forward to doing more in the future. i will c

in those things and invest in bid future for everyone in northern ireland.orry, i look forward to visiting soon. i very much enjoyed my recent visit to derbyshire when i went to the toyota factory as many of my constituents were. i'm sure i will be back there, too. i know my friend is quite really taking a proactive role in leading trade -- leading trade missions to india and other countries. does he agree that the small manufacturing companies should also begin a chance to play their part in driving britain's exports to emerging markets like india, china, and the rest? >> my honorable friend is absolutely right. we have improved our performance in terms of exports of goods to these key emerging markets. but the real challenge is to get the sme's exporting. would create many jobs and a lot of investment at the same time. i have led trade missions to every single g 20 country, part from argentina. i look forward to doing more. >> they will be replaced by reveille owned clinics without and out services. some of those leading the closure program of already pock

dog got sent to frickeen ireland?and? not even lining he went to florida. he's in ireland. >> i didn't know what to do for her or her mom. it was silence. it was just what do you say? i hope he gets some guiness and corn beef and cabbage. >> hi. >> harris: the dog tail has a happy ending. hendricks apparently has the luck of the irish. united quickly realized it made a huge mistake and took immediate steps to reunite hendricks. this family in phoenix. great stuff. >>> celebrations on both sides of the atlantic. food, fireworks, fun, this party going on for five days. where and why coming up. wow. >>> it was quite fun in new york city. the world's largest and oldest st. patrick's day parade, one avenue over from fox world headquarters. it was fun walking through the snow to get in here to the parade. the music was fantastic. there was a special guest from ireland. we'll tell you about it (music t) why turbo? trust us. it's just better to be in front. the sonata turbo. from hyundai. >> harris: bagpipes bell lowing as gr

deposit schemes insurance schemes across the world were increased during the financial collapse and ireland was the first. to say all deposits are covered now we're starting to see that in fact that was a bluff they couldn't even insure one deposit let alone all of them so they had to pretend to cover the whole thing whether you had ten million euros or twenty million euros there they would cover it they said in this insurance deposit scheme in ireland now we're learning that they can't even to cover a deposit of a thousand euros no that's not the deposit insurance schemes that these banks in various countries are not worth the guarantees anymore because the bank stirs veracious appetite for more cash to cover the their gambling debts as now gotten to the point where they need to go in and just steal your deposits and enough respecting the law in terms of giving people protection on minimum deposit guarantees you're absolutely correct we saw with m.f. global and j.p. morgan we're seeing it in cyprus and we're going to see in pension accounts next if you have an ira or some kind of pension a

. >> you're well come get ready for a wee bit of ireland. st. patrick's day celebration. >> we'll have all of the details for you in just a moment. >>> coming up, why one community is ready to fight an upgrade to cell phone service. >> 7 on your side coming to the aid of frustrated -- frustrated frequent flyer autos plus... >> if it makes them feel they can conquer their battles. how her idea trance formed her son and making a difference in lives of others we'll have stories and more coming up at 6:00. >> that is a great idea. san francisco is taking it's relationship with the county cork ireland to a new level. >> cisco systems will provide a live feed between the two cities. >> revelers can watch the celebration in ireland including ed lee, who is visiting the city of cork. we're going to listen while we're talking. you can find a link under the see it on tv tab. >> that takes place tomorrow, not sunday. the parade starting at 11:30 and runs until 5:00. >> lots of fun there. >> world news is next. i'm cheryl jennings. >> we'll see you back her

his credited with bringing chinnity to ireland. >> we enjoyed glorious weather tonight.eteorologist leigh glaser is here. >> leigh: this being the last full weekend of winter, we definitely will see some showers as we get bo tuesday night and wednesday. so, live doppler 7hd not picking up any rushes at -- returns at all right now. you can see no returns at all. so a dry weather pattern for us, at least for today and tomorrow. things start to change as we head into tuesday. a milky sky across the bay area right now with the high clouds venturing in. 55 in san francisco. san car loss -- carlos, 64. half moon bay, low 50s. and a nice shot of a hazy sky over the embarcadero in san francisco. santa rosa, 64. 69 in fairfield. livermore, and los gatos, sunshine, 68. let's get to our forecast highlights. we'll keep high cloud overhead overnight. a cooler day. monday afternoon, fewer mow clouds in the sky and then get ready for rain. it will be with us on the first day of spring which happens to be wednesday. low clouds venturing in on the north bay, near 40, 50 for san francisco

it's no joke at russia's world cup qualifying northern ireland is postponed after two attempts to kick off were thwarted by heavy snow but fabio capello's men stay top of group. plus the european court so it's got seal a place in the playoffs but he has two games left to book the birth after an eventful round for the russian teams in the euro the. and the daddy of all fences a limping bronze medalist nicholai combo the offer comes back from paternity leave to win individual gold at the star studded bosco saber. but first let's kick off with football as the russian national team flew out to belfast last week to play northern ireland in the fifth game of their world cup qualifying campaign but heavy snow meant that two attempts to get the match underway were lost to the elements rebound porfiry documents a weekend of frustration for both fabio capello's men and their fans. there was much expectation as russia took to the training field ahead of their world cup qualifier with northern ireland they were top of the group with a one hundred percent record and hadn't conceded a goal in their

>> audience member: ireland!e: ireland. >> jimmy: oh, sorry, ireland. [ laughter ] sorry, that's a mistake -- that's a mistake you don't want to -- that's a mistake you don't want to make, yeah. [ laughter ] [ with irish accent ] i'm just sitting right -- >> steve: they're from ireland. >> jimmy: sorry, brother. sorry, sorry. [ laughter ] okay. calm down, brother. >> steve: they stole my shillelagh! >> jimmy: so, i apologize. it's all good. all good. >> steve: whoo! >> jimmy: hey, guys, it is time to take a look at stories making headlines today and weigh the good with the bad. it's time for "pros and cons." here we go. [ cheers and applause ] ♪ pros and cons and pros and cons and pros ♪ >> jimmy: we have a great band from ireland tonight. yeah. they're fantastic. [ with irish accent ] >> steve: they're from ireland. >> jimmy: yes, they are. here we go. these are the "pros and cons." tonight's -- is easter. sure, it's a nice holiday, but it's not perfect. [ laughter ] and i'm about to go there. [ laughter ] >> st

and shortly after that, he had a family emergency in ireland, and he left for ireland and the ball got dropped. i became aware of the issue december 31st, 2012, while i was out of town with my family for the new year's holiday. on january 3rd, 2013, i paid all pending fees and picked up the addendum for the foundation and structural. it is important to note that the online tracking permit system shows that my application for this building was originally submitted june 20, 2007. the site permit was approved and issued march 2012, five years after the initial application. clearly, my projects have been winding the way through the permitting process without any indication of special treatment. all addendums were filed on a customary timeline and absolutely no addendum was filed after the commencement of construction. in addition to the letter of explanation, which i gave to all of the supervisors, i hired a third-party engineer to write a report on how this happened and what procedures were followed. this is now available under the sunshine ordinance. dbi accepted it and the project is no

and so, this work is in the street view and then in 2009 i participated in a residency in ireland. and when i looked for information, i was directed to wisconsin. and so it is one of the oldist towns in ireland and around the 1940s a lot of irish people immigrated to the utah and a few set up in newtown, in wisconsin. and in the google maps you will find the street view and the first building that you see is a barn, a typical barn. and i find it interesting that out of everything in town that has not been photographed by google yet and also this idea of when you are looking something original, you find a certificate. and so, i copied this barn and placed this facade or prop in the most resymboling location in the original town of ireland. and the idea was we thought that the google car would come by, that this image would be picked up and the barn would exist in both. it was up for two weeks but i knew that the car was in the neighborhood. but recently i found out that after two years, it did. so now there is a google street with the same house. and i really like that idea of trans

you are look live at dublin, ireland at their st. patrick's day paw ray. half a million revelers are there braving snowflakes and sleet lining the streets for the traditional poll lay parade. wow, what an incredible treat on this saint patrick's day morning. the pest i can do is wear green but at least we can take you to dublin. >>> new this morning, pope francis celebrated mass and gave his first blessing to thousands gathered in st. peter's square. [cheers and applause] >> he delighted the faithful by breaking with tradition right away. instead of reading from a prepared script, francis ad libbed remarks about god's power to forgive. the crowd roared with delight and two hours before his window appearance, frances made a surprise appearance at a gate at vatican city. keeping with his informal style, he wore a simple white robe and greeted two priests and others waiting in line before returning inside to celebrate mass. >>> pennsylvania state police

has no money so this is a token amount we should have token amounts for cyprus a token amount for ireland a token amount for greece they should they're bankrupt they can't pay back anybody they could say oops it was a ponzi scheme sent us to jail for thirteen years who knows but you know and the other thing is that this man truly embodies what the u.k. has become because he was a successful city worker with an estimated fortune of between fifteen million pounds and twenty million pounds in two thousand and five but he was addicted to gambling spending fortunes on spread betting and had an insatiable taste for luxury so here is the u.k. the home of the industrial revolution this was what started what we have today it's a previously rich country that used to work that used to make things but they've now become addicted to gambling spread betting and drinking too much out all and they need to create all these ponzi scheme. and ordered to keep the facade alive now that comparison to cyprus is is much more close it's closer than people imagine because in cyprus now apparently one hundred thous

george osborne to britain ireland wherever it was the guy collapsed cyprus is as i've said a mess so mr osborne announced that the government would offer a five year interest free loans worth up to twenty percent of the value of new build homes costing less than six hundred thousand pounds from january another scheme will see taxpayers underwrite mortgages to those with small deposits including more than a million people trapped with so-called zombie loans where the fall in the value of their homes has left them unable to move again it's a blatant giveaway it's like a drunken chancellor deciding to take some money from somewhere and you know larry summers was here on the b.b.c. talking about this very plan saying it was stupid and saying you can pretend you're being all sterile but this is government spending as we found out with fannie mae and freddie mac. you back that you own that debt oh well the u.k. if you add up the private debt the government the corporate debt and bank debt the u.k. economy is now has debt worth nine hundred percent of g.d.p. well as i said before it collaps

into a lot of trouble so there's a wide gulf between what they've done for ireland and what they did for cyprus and probably the solution will end up being somewhere in between but it's difficult to say where it will play out but mr mr dalton very quick i'm low on time but let me let's be frank about this is it fair in you'll view the average person has to lose his or her own money life savings even in potential to pay for the bank's mistake tell us is it fair. it surely isn't fair and i think the question is the debate right now is whether you know that richer people should have to contribute and richard when you say richer when i say richer people i mean people with a large bank deposits and in banks so significantly so over one hundred thousand euros which is what they're doing in cyprus now some people that's rich some people some other people that's not rich but it's unclear where you draw the line and i i can't answer that question for you right now going to the wall street journal matthew dalton joining us here live on a great pleasure to have you on the program thanks very mu

wound up in a crate for the seven- hour flight to ireland.s then packed off back to new jersey -- before the five-hour flight to his original destination. united claims it doesn't know what happened. which the dog's owner might not accept as a great explanation. in sports. there will be no team u-s-a at at&t park this weekend for the world baseball classic. and the warriors host the struggling chicago bulls. but it was the team in sleeves who stuggled the most tonight. gary's has the highlights and the rest of the sports. next [ male announcer ] fact: the 100% electric nissan leaf... is more fun than ever. sees better than ever. ♪ charges faster. and will charge. cool. and heat. from your phone. fact: leaf never needs gas. ever. good for the world. built in america. now, leaf's an easier choice than ever. ♪ shop at choosenissan.com. ♪ warriors/bulls stephen curry fans but he only had 8 points and did not make a 3-pointer for the first time in 54 games 1st quarter carlos boozer gets it inside for the east layup 22-15 bulls lakers at pacers kob

like for our shock cut in taxes to below the rate in ireland which is ireland i think it's twelve and a half percent he wants it to be less than ireland to be the lowest tax regime in the g twenty and that this would be a boost to the economy i think it would be ok if you don't agree that well yeah but you have in the u.k. you have an incredibly developed. government sponsored entities like the health care and other subsidies of the government in this country so the government you know if you're going to cut what they're trying to cut those yeah right now and there's social unrest which is predictable and understandable because at the same time to get back to our same thing in the conversation they're not doing anything to address these four big banks who are like trolls on the bridge taking all the money is coming off the printing presses up its aims that oz born in cameroon if they're going to cut the services the welfare they don't do some something some of the something compatible in the banking industry they're just pop him selves up to problems as they have done right i'm of the

like for our shock cut in taxes to below the rate in ireland which is ireland i think it's twelve and a half percent he wants it to be less than ireland to be the lowest tax regime in the g twenty and that this would be a boost to the economy i think it would be ok if you don't agree that well yeah but you have in the u.k. you have an incredibly developed. government sponsored entities like the health care and other subsidies of the government in this country so the government you know if you're going to cut what they're trying to cut those yeah right now and there's social unrest which is predictable and understandable because at the same time to get back to our same thing in the conversation they're not doing anything to address these four big banks who are like trolls on the bridge taking all the money is coming off the printing presses up its aims that was born in cameron if they're going to cut the services the welfare they if they don't do some something some of the something compatible in the banking industry they're just popping them selves up to use problems as they have done

like for our shock cut in taxes to below the rate in ireland which is ireland i think it's twelve and a half percent he wants it to be less than ireland to be the lowest tax regime in the g twenty and that this would be a boost to the economy i think it would be ok if you don't agree that well yeah but you have in the u.k. you have an incredibly developed. government sponsored entities like the health care and other subsidies of the government in this country so the government you know if you're going to cut what they're trying to cut those yeah right now and there's social on rast which is predictable and understandable because at the same time to get back to a same thing in the conversation they're not doing anything to address these four big banks who are like trolls on the bridge taking all the money as is coming off the printing presses up its aims that boring cameron if they're going to cut the services the welfare they if they don't do something something some of the something compatible in the banking industry they're just popping them selves up to keep huge problems as they h