two nights program is as a part of our bernard and irene schwartz distinguished speakers series whichart of our public programs. just before i introduce our speakers i want to recognize and thank several new york historical trustees who are joining us this evening. first and foremost the chair of our board pam scheffler, the visionary chairman emeritus of new york historical, roger her talk, the chair of our executive committee richard rees, and trustees brian kane, suzanne pack, jean, and david. i would also like to thank members of our chairman scales are joining us this evening. we are so very grateful to each and everyone every oner encouragement and support especially at this challenging time. now then we are very pleased to indeed welcome margaret macmillan, professor of history at the university of toronto and emeritus professor of international history at the university of oxford. doctor mcmillian privacy was on the faculty of ryerson university before going on to serve as provost of trinity college at the university of toronto and warden of saint anthony's college at the univ