to knights presentation is presented as a part of our menard's and irene schwartz distinguished speaker series which is the heart of our public programs. just before i introduce our speakers i want to recognize and thank several new york historical trustees were joining us this evening. the chair of the board, visioneer chairman emeritus of new york historical roger her dog, the chair of our executive committee richard reese, and trustees brian kane, suzanne, david. i would also like to thank members of our chairman skelton who were joining us this evening. we are so very grateful to each and every one of you for your encouragement and support especially at this challenging time. now then, we are very pleased indeed to welcome martha mcmillian, a professor of international history at the university of oxford. doctor mcmillian prettily was on the faculty before going on to serve as provost at trinity college at the university of toronto. she's the author of "war: how conflict shaped us" which was published this past fall and her previous books include paris 1919, nixon and mao, and women