protectee on the catholic population of belfast tens of thousands forced to flee their homes the irish army set up refugee camps along the border which put up the refugees flee in the north a mob was striking about these attacks was that the r.u.c. the police actually took part in the attacks on the catholic community and belfast at the time. so instead of preventing them they were active participants in the burning of whole streets and belfast at the time. on the 5th of june 1906 the gang attacked a small rural pope called the rock bar near keady kind. of approaching the pope they shot a local man called mick mcgrath as he left the building. they then detonated a nail bomb which failed to explode. what was striking about this particular attack was that all those involved were members of the local police force the r.u.c. with some on duty as the attack took place. and so on and sentencing least police officers the lord chief justice for the claim . that they were trying to rid the. issues to. a very important landmark for the campaign and 999 was the fact that we acquired. a former sergeant

for the ira in a period that began in the 1990s, an extraordinarily important figure in the irish republican armywent to his funeral. how carefully did you consider before you decided to go to a funeral which, clearly, because we all saw what happened, it clearly broke all the regulations and guidelines in northern ireland about covid—i9 and how people should gather or not gather. you are right to record the fact that bobby storey was a very significant figure in irish political life and i think will endure as a name in irish political history and he was a person much beloved, not only in his native belfast but across the island and not surprisingly there was a very big sendoff, a huge funeral for him, as you say. beloved by people like you, mary lou mcdonald, but not beloved by the unionist community in northern ireland and you know that much better than i do. well, yes, that is true but you find in any part of the world, much less a part of the world where we have deep and entrenched political conflict, you'll have public figures who are loved by one section a not so by the other. i don't think

army. nowhere will you see this arrangement into the whole world. the gurkha movement says, better to die than be a coward. gurkhas have fought and died for the british irishught and died for the british army since 1918. they had 20,000 casualties in the great war. we are an integral part of the british armed forces but we have never been treated equally. we have our own terms and conditions of service. the way we were courted, a family life, barracks, the pay we received was one third of what the british received. we had no right to settle in the uk. we felt like second—class citizens. having served the british army loyally. people were being deported and that was really scary. they were living in fear day and night because they did not have any status. last weekend a home office deported a former gurkha, despite 13 years of service in the british army. 00:19:24,681 --> 1073741526:02:55,868 it 1073741526:02:55,868 --> 2147483051:46:27,055 was 2147483051:46:27,055 --> 3221224577:29:58,242 a 3221224577:29:58,242 --> 4294966103:13:29,430 disgrace. why did they come to the conclusion of settlement only? we are glad and thankful that the government did change

, the union army of the north and the confederate army had in the core of their ranks scotch irish. the scotch irish are people from scotland who then went to ireland, protestants, left ireland and many came to the united states. many were poor and but inexpensive land in the appalachians and all these years, they have remained those who were born fighting and they have fought -- anybody who has been in the armed services, southerners everywhere in the armed forces, that is scotch irish. the scotch irish's original source of country music. the scotch irish who also, usually when people are talking about rednecks. redneck is a term, and anachronistic term about which people forget the origins sort of like barking up the wrong tree. i can't tell you how many people have no idea that comes from raccoon hunting, barking up the wrong tree or a tough road, one god's earth ever hold a rope in the last 25 years? these metaphors, these metaphors will hold on, will hold on tight. excuse me. now that you know it is there i will put it up here. and the scotch irish had a crucial influence not

army, you have to sign up for a regiment. and new york's early tradition was ethnic regiments, the irish brigade, fighting 69th, german-american regiments, the seventh regiment. we know where the armory is today, that was the elite regiment of wealthy people. so you had to attach yourself to a regiment, and not until the union league club organized an african-american regiment in 1864. by the way, they had to be training on, i think, governors island, because people were so petrified of african-americans arming themselves in what was essentially a white-dominated town. so african-americans are eligible to serve in union forces officially bearing arms, and around the same time, march 1863, when congress legislates the desire expressed in the emancipation proclamation, to open the services to african-americans. >> next question. is it not true that new york state contributed more soldiers and suffered more casualties than any other state during the civil war, north or south? >> yes. 10% of the casualties, the union casualties, came from new york state. and also materiel investment. new york, for a time, escaped the destruction t

irish 69 and the the draft rioters? harold: the troops that were drawn from the ranks of the army of the potomac at gettysburg, mostly thosewho were fairly well rested and had not been engaged in much of the battle, where the ones who were brought back to quell the riots. i have not checked into the psychology or the response of the veterans or those serving in the 69th and their attitudes toward the draft riots. i would suspect they were repelled by them because they were a proud and organized brigade and still fighting for the union. valerie: although as we noted in that episode, many of the draft rioters were irish. so there is that connection, too. harold: they were the irish who did not want to enlist. valerie: next question, how did so many paintings from the civil war era survive? harold: well, they were preserved by their original painters. mostly patrons, union leagues, armories, regimental headquarters, clubhouses, the united daughters of the confederacy, the sons of confederate veterans. all of these organizations that champion these momento's and pay for them and held their meetings in front of them. for those

irish 69th and 1863 draft rioters? >> they were -- they were back in service at gettysburg and the troops that were drawn from the ranks of the army of the potomac at gettysburg, mostly those who were fairly well rested and not been engaged in much of the battle, were the buns wones tha brought back to quell the riots. i have not checked into the psychology of the response of the veterans or for those serving in the 69th and their attitudes towards the draft riots. i would suspect that they were repelled by them because they were a proud and organized brigade and still fighting for the union. >> although as we noted in that episode, many of the draft rioters were in fact irish. so there's that connection too. >> absolutely. >> but there were the irish who did not want to enlist or be drafted as opposed to the 69th, who would enlist it. >> okay. next question, how many -- how did so many paintings from the civil war era survive? >> well, they were preserved by their original patrons. mostly union leagues, armories, regimental headquarters, clubhouses, the united daughters of the confederacy, sons of the confederate veterans, all of

army. you have to sign up with a regiment. new york's early civil war tradition was ethnic regiment. the irish brigade. the german american regiments. seventh regiment. we know where the armory is today. it was at union square in those days. now at 68 and park. that was the elite regiment of wealthy people. we had to attach yourself to her regiment. not until the union leak club organized an african american regiment and 1864. they had to be trained on governors island. people were so petra fight of the idea of african americans arming themselves in what was essentially a white dominated town. african americans are eligible to serve in union forces officially bearing arms, at around the same time march, 1863 when congress legislated the desire of the immense, the expression of the emancipation -- open services to have hurricane americans. >> next question. is it not true that new york state contributed more soldiers and suffered more casualties than any other state during the civil war north or south? >> yes. 10% of the casualties came from the union casualties and from new york state. harry and norms

irish had been the backbone of american fighting forces, since the revolution. in the civil war, both sides will army the north and the confederate army where in the corner at length, people from scotland who then went to ireland, they left many came u.s., many were for and they will land such as the appellations and they have remained five, anyone who's in the armed services. full everywhere, that was the original source will will country music. will usually people are talking bad when they talk about rednecks. redneck is in which is pretty cool like barking up the tree. tell you how many have no idea that comes from raccoon will barking up the wrong tree. .... tom wolfe: now that you know is there. i will put it up here. [laughter]. discuss irish have had a crucial influence on forces but also in the 2004 presidential election . and i don't think this is ever been brought out before. it got down to the crucial state, from the 2000 election. florida. in 2004, it was the state of ohio predict the early returns were coming from big cities. cleveland and toledo. it was a runaway for john kerry. those i

army. nowhere we do see this arrangement into the whole world. the gurkha movement says, better to die than be a coward. gurkhas have fought and died for the british irish000 casualties in the great war. we are an integral part of the british armed forces but we have never been treated equally. we have our own terms and conditions of service. the way we were courted, a family life, barix. the pay we received was one third of what the british received. we had no right to settle in the uk. we felt like second—class citizens. having served the british loyally, people were being deported and that was really scary. they were living in fear day and night because they did not have any status. last weekend a home office deported a former gurkhas. despite 13 years of service in the british army. it was a disgrace. they've been in the british forces for nearly 200 years. the bravest soldiers i ever served with. disgraceful. we received massive support from the media and the british public. it has been a long battle. the government ruled only ghurkas who retired after 1997 could settle in britain. they took their battle to the doors of downing street. over a quart

irish foreign minister and it was a short-lived trial for the northern ireland and five weeks later he was fired and boris johnson's reshuffle. the initial meeting of the northern ireland assembly appointed the dop army and as the deputy. members of the scottish parliament both 64 - 54 for a new referendum on scottish independence. the minister wants to hold the pole this year but for that to happen the prime minister boris johnson might have to agree, something he is rejected, as he set out her case. >> today and asking parliament to endorse a basic principle and they haven't won since the 1950s, instead by all of us who live here in called scotland home, lesbian from by why we are here today, not because the first minister think she's going to hold the referendum this year, she knows that's not going to happen. the reason we've been called here today, because she needs to convince the yes movement behind her and beyond that something is happening. or that something is not actually happening then don't worry, will be happening soon. mostly understood in this parliament and in this debate this afternoon is that the people of scotland do not want another independence referendum anytime soon. >> we nee

irish living in the united states and of course there was a huge german population. an estimated quarter of americans were german dissent in this period they had plans to raise an army so they were distracted. >> let me add something. woodrow wilson ran for a second term and kept us out of war. it was the american entry into the war that made germany quite. after, when the dreadnoughts deadlocked, they never came out again. he agreed to let them put everything he had. they started torpedoing. wilson reluctantly during the fall of 1916 after his election trying to decide what to do he gave the german ambassador he said if you don't stop doing this, torpedoing the american ships, something is going to happen. and finally, they kept torpedoing. americans were drowning et cetera, et cetera. and wilson took it to congress and they voted overwhelmingly for the war. the kaiser had actually said to the naval staff what does this precipitate in the american response. the chief of the naval said i promise your majesty not one single american soldier will step up on the continent of europe. in november of 1914, there were 2 million friends, only 600,000 of them were at the fro

irish political history. our ireland correspondent chris page looks back at his life. john hume stood against violence for all of his life but he was never far from confrontation. he took on the armyothers founded a new, nationalist political force. the social democratic and labour party. as sdlp leader he forged links around the world with the aim of ending the conflict at home. in the late 1980s he began talks with the sinn fein leader gerry adams. having a dialogue with the political wing of the ira was a huge risk and drew much angry criticism. butjohn hume helped to persuade republicans to call a ceasefire, the pathway he carved out led to the good friday agreement in 1998. today we can take a collective breath and begin to blow away, let‘s hope, the cobwebs of the past. the peace deal was a defining moment for northern ireland and forjohn hume. he was lauded as a visionary and hailed as a hero by pop stars and by presidents. mr president and mrs clinton as you can see from the people of derry, you are very, very welcome here today. after he was awarded the nobel prize, john hume maintained his international friendships and statesman—like reputation but he gradually stepped d