>> yes, the one lesson we learned from isaac newton is for reasons that we can't fully yesterday understand, math seems to be the right language for describing phenomena in the universe. math is the shining light that can lume nate the dark corners of reality that we have not been able to access directly. we can't literally see the beginning but we can use the math to peer back using the equation to get some understanding of what happened at the beginning. >> but don't we need to at some point have some evidence from physical reality? >> no. [laughter] no, we do. it's absolutely crucial. without that we're just sort of speculating. the evidence comes from so many places. first einstein's mathematics makes predictions about teams we can directly access, like bending the star light by the sun, which is tested in 1919 during a solar eclipse. just as sign stein predicted, the stars were slightly shifted in the sky because of the sun's presence. you know the story well, but perhaps not everybody does, einstein gets a telezpwram alerting him his ideas were confirmed through observation and somebo

>> ashley is teaching these kids about sir isaac newton and his laws of motion, the lesson is objects at rest will stay at rest and objects in motion will stay in motion. glaxo smith klein is responsering can with chester and philadelphia. 33 of them in philadelphia. in philadelphia, second through sixth graders are studying machines that don't work with electricity. >> what kind of machine is that. there are six simple machines, i just need you to name one. a pulley. >> today they are making their own roller coasters with the simplest of materials. >> what kinds of energy are we talking about? >> we are talking about potential energy. >> where is most of the energy and the highest. >> up here? what will happen? you'll put this marble? go ahead? >> the marbles speeds flew the roller coaster exiting through the bottom. nearly 5,000 people in the program will be introduced to the joys of science this year. can you be at the swimming pool or the basketball court, you chose science. why? >> science is a cool thing. >> gsk science in the summer, the program runs through mid-august uncle cr

it's based on sir isaac newton's laws of physics, specifically, conservation of momentum. when one object strikes another, as in this demonstration, its momentum is transferred to the other. all things being equal, the speed of the first ball is equal to that of the last. the weight of the two cars, plus the friction between the tires and the road surface factor into the analysis. >> the coefficient of friction is basically just a measure of how slippery that surface is. so that's a very important piece. the other thing is the angles that are involved with approach and departure from the impact area for vehicles that are involved in a collision like this. >> scotland used surveying equipment to measure the distance the parked car moved after impact as well as the angles of impact. a computer program performed the physics calculations, and the result, steve's jeep was traveling between 38 and 42 miles per hour when it hit the parked car, not 60 miles per hour as he claimed. these calculations also proved that steve had enough time to avoid hitting the parked car. >> he had

so it was a spontaneous thing and what isaac newton did 300 years ago with britain was to affect codify what people thought needed to be done. they were under constant attack from spain, lousy land. because of its sound money it led to the rise of the capital markets and then they became the financial centers of the world before london did even though on paper the country had nothing and britain became the financial center when it fixed the gold even though it was a second-tier power before they did this they had a lohave a lot of other thig but having stable money brought it all together so the marketplace sent over 4,000 years this is the way to do it and as a result the economy is always get more complex as you get more and more growth. that's what adam smith talked about in the division of labor and of the jobs rise up if you setup applications -- a few years ago is that short for applications for college? what are you talking about? ipod is that a remake of a movie about monsters of ipod people? things rise up that you can't even imagine. so the candidates just a fixed measure the

what isaac newton did 300 years ago with britain and gold was to in effect codified what people thought needed to be done three the dutch had done it. holland for example in the 15 and 1600 to small country under constant attack from. >> , lousy land, underwater literally. a small population but because of its sound money elected arises sophisticated capital markets. they became the financial center of the world before linda and that -- london did even though on paper this country at nothing. britain became the financial center when it fixed the gold even though it was a second-tier power before they did this. they have a lot of other things going but having stable money brought it all together. so the marketplace has said over 4000 years this is the way to do it and as a result economies always get more complex as you get more and more growth. that is what adam smith talked about, the division of labor and the jobs rise up. apps a few years ago, is that sharper applications in college? you said ipods were we making a movie about monsters in the ipod? things right up so again it's a fix

>> yes, the one lesson we learned from isaac newton is for reasons that we can't fully yesterday understand math seems to be the right language for describing phenomena in the universe. math is the shining light that can lume nate the dark corners of reality that we have not been able to access directly. we can't literally see the beginning but we can use the math to peer back using the equation to get some understanding of what happened at the beginning. >> but don't we need to at some point have some evidence from physical reality? >> no. [laughter] no, we do. it's absolutely crucial. without that we're just sort of speculating. the evidence comes from so many places. first einstein's mathematics makes predictions about teams we can directly access, like bending the star light by the sun, which is tested in 1919 during a solar eclipse. just as sign stein predicted, the stars were slightly shifted in the sky because of the sun's presence. you know the story well, but perhaps not everybody does, einstein gets a telezpwram alerting him his ideas were confirmed through observation and somebod

. >> this is a thought experiment isaac newton came up with when he was trying to understand basically if space was a thing. and he imagined taking a bucket and filling it with water. he noted that as you spin the bucket, the water climbs up the sides of the bucket. i think even kids do this at the beach, right? you spin it around and climbs up the side. >> we would call inertia? >> that's right. so the water has intrinsic quality called inertia that causes it to resist that motion and when it resists, it kind of gets pushed out and goes up the sides. so you can you imagine doing that in a completely empty universe? there are some issues about that because gravity is part of what makes shape so we imagine now taking two stones, same idea, connecting them by a rope and spinning them around. would the rope pull taught? to newton it was obvious the rope would pull taut, even in empty space so he said therefore was say rope and rock spinning with respect to? nothing there, no urge, no sun, anything, therefore the rope and rock must be spinning with respect to something called space. space