in 18th century the letters ivan and g are the exact same letter. there is no difference between the two. letters u and v are the same letter, so if i gave you the letters ivan vly, today it would look strange in the 18th century they would automatically adjusted and immediately know that what i meant was july. shorthand writing is another form of codes and ciphers, and the earliest book that i found on shorthand states to 1586. so it was well-known. what you are looking at his is joseph stansberry's cipher, and it is very simple. it is a is equal to z, b is equal to a. it is a one letter shift. joseph stansberry is the person in philadelphia who received a message from benedict arnold who wrote them into cipher and codes and they were brought across new jersey by two different methods, brought here to new york or could they were given to the reverend jonathan odell who then decoded the messages and then turned them into british headquarters right here at one of broadway. they also use both codes. blackstone's commentaries on the laws of england, an

meteorologist ivan cabrera standing by at the international weather center with a look at it.> yeah, and unfortunately, some folks did not live through it as we've been reporting, up to ten fatalities. but without warnings, we would have had a lot more with this extraordinary event across the southeastern u.s. natalie-a cross seven states we've had 52 reports of tornado, and the threat is not over. it is ongoing. for our viewers in the united states what i want to do is pass along active tornado warnings that are in effect at this hour. if you're watching us from northwest georgia, whitfield county and southeastern walker county, you are under a tornado warning. a tornado has been spotted on the ground from this super cell. it has been moving northeast at 45 miles per hour. if you're in those counties, southeastern walker and widfield county, you want to take cover and take cover immediately. again, this is he astorm system that has had a history of producing violent and those long track tornados that can go for miles or kilometers long. and we continue with that threat over t

and ivan was his best audience.the guy he could count on to appreciate. >> rose: he knows ivan will be cheering for him. >> he knows he'll get his joke. >> people don't call on my birthday anymore. i guess i don't call people on their birthdays, why should they call me? i didn't call you. when's yours? >> november. >> that's right. i'll call you this year. >> laughing already demonstrates appreciation. the applause seems officer flew white house. and also it's like just treat the restaurant like it's your living room, guys. i'm weirdly on tonight. >> shall we order? >> maybe i should have invited florence. or i should have had a party. >> birthdays are hard, man. >> it's weird, aging, right? like what the [no audio] going on? >> i know. youth is wasted on the young. >> i'd go further. i'd go life is wasted on... people. >> rose: you once said somewhere a that the fragmentation of culture makes satirical more challenging. >> did i? (laughter) i'm very, very smart. (laughter) >> i was drunk, charlie. >> rose: as soon

ivan watson, cnn, istanbul. >> i talked about that with the prime minister as well as his controversial stance on iran and israel. mr. prime minister, thank you very much for joining us. >> translator: thank you. sb >> what do you hope to achieve here at the nuclear security summit? >> translator: i have responded to this invitation with great hope. our wish and desire is to make sure that this step that is being taken for the prevention of the proliferation of nuclear arms will provide a positive response to the expectations of the people. >> as you know, there are many, many heads of state, heads of government here. iran has not been invited. and the world is very concerned about iran's nuclear program. president obama and allies are talking about imposing sanctions on iran, to bring it back within the npt. will you support, as a member of the security council and as a nato ally, sanctions on iran? >> translator: we do not want to see any nuclear weapons in our region. and in all of our discussions with our iranian counterparts, we have always expressed this opinion. and what the iran

not a good look for ivan carter right now.

por los nacionales, el puertorriqueño ivan rodríguez de 5-1.o cristian guzmán de 1-1 con una anotada. el venezolano alberto gonzález de 1-0. mientras tanto en tampa bay, evan longoria conectó un jonrón e impulsó tres carreras, matt garza admitió dos anotaciones en ocho entradas y los rays derrotaron 4-3 a los orioles de baltimore que tambien perdieron su segundo partido al hilo. los rays comenzaron la temporada con dos victorias, algo que no ocurría desde el 2002, que de hecho había sido el único año en el que lo habían logrado. el quisqueyano miguel tejada pegó un sencillo que produjo una anotación en la primera entrada para los orioles. vamos ahora con el resumen de la copa libertadores. por la copa libertadors de america, esta tarde se jugo el partido que suspendio ayer por lluvia en rio de janeiro y flamengo con la universidad de chile empataron 2-2, los goles fueron marcados por walter montillo a los 43 minutos, el empate llego hasta los 67 por intermedio de michael, el flamengo tomo la delantera con un gol de leo maura a los 82,

the award named after ivan sandra off c to recognize a sustained and meaningful confirmation to american literary culture. we know much about joyce carol oates. we asked a colleague of hers to synthesize it for us. please welcome edmund wright who was a finalist in

concerns, from this guy in indiana, saying for oil spills and what have you -- we had katrina, we had ivan, gustave, all of these hurricanes coming through the gulf with very minimal amount of skill. wheat did not hear that in the national media. we were very concerned about that and we found out that all of our safety systems adequately worked and worked well. guest: you guys did a terrific job, you really did, in very difficult circumstances. personally and professionally. each co -- host: allen, clearwater, florida. caller: i want to talk about refineries. i have a question and suggestion. the question is -- first of all, i remember there is a program, i did not know how long ago, maybe a year or so, talking about in order to lower the prices we needed more refineries. and the gas companies just cannot build a new refineries. and because of this, we are not going to see any difference at the pump. we are just giving more and more assets to the oil companies. guest: i don't know where that idea started. but it is very prevalent.

so we spoke to ivan sigal, the executive director of global voices online. he poses this question for our guests here. >> my question would be, are we really--are we best served by having information that is american news, or are we served by having information that comes from all over the world and gives us a variety of perspectives that we might not have considered? >> ann? >> i think we're best served by having opportunity to hear from all voices. i think that people should--in the future, they will be able to pick and choose what they want to hear. the dilemma is going to be what's accurate and what's not, and i think that's going to be the real issue because people have a hard time. there's a lot of material out on the internet now that's considered "reporting" that isn't true, that isn't right and accurate. and i think that understanding how to vet information, information that's given to you off the record, that is not sourced--i mean, this is a problem. and i see a lot of problems with some the blogs, and i see a lot of positive things with a lot of

[applause] >> thank you, ivan. we are going to get the second panel up and mic'd and all of that.f you would like some coffee real briefly. we have some still on the second floor and we will get going pretty quickly in the next couple minutes. if you don't need it, hang out and we'll get everybody mic'd and then we'll hang on. [inaudible conversations] >> as you just may have heard a brief break in this discussion of the new media landscape in iran. journalists and academics participating in this forum hosted by the broadcasting board of governors in george washington university. when the discussion of iran's blogosphere and grassroots movement continues, a panel discussion of what people in iran are doing to change the government. and our live coverage will continue after the break. >> this year's c-span studentcam competition asked middle and high school students to create a 5 to 8-minute video dealing with one of our country's greatest strengths or a challenge the country is facing. here's one of the third place winners. ♪ ♪ >> america's news media. the wealth of information an

[applause] >> thank you, ivan. we are going to get the second panel up and mic'd and all of that. if you would like some coffee real briefly. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> in a few moments, treasury secretary timothy geithner on the economy and the financial regulation bill and in about 45 minutes, president obama's news conference on the nuclear security summit. on "washington journal" this morning, more about the administration's nuclear policy from republican representative trent franks, a member of the armed services committee. democratic senator mark begich and the chairman of the congressional tarp oversight panel elizabeth warren focuses on preventing home foreclosures and we'll be joined by rick blum. "washington journal" is on c-span every day at 7:00 a.m. eastern. a couple of live events to tell you about today on our companion network c-span 3. we'll hear from ben bernanke at 10:00 a.m. eastern. also on c-span radio and online at c-span.org and at 2:30 p.m. eastern the senate commerce

nationals catcher ivan pudge rodriguez is probably rethinking a move he made yesterday when he triedo beat out a throw at home plate with the nationals down by one run in extra innings against the dodgers. we're at national park where joe torre was making himself at home just watching the game. bottom of the eighth, nats trail by a run. >> nyjer morgan sends that to left. adam kennedy scores to tie the game at three. but the game goes to extra innings. now we're in the 11th inning. russell martin lifts that one to right. but check out willie harris. has a beat on it. jumps up and makes that catch. willie was pumped. this, my friends, is impressive. willie harris reads it like a book making that amazing grab. good effort by harris. to the 13th still tied at three. not anymore. russell martin rips it to center. rafael furcal comes around to score and the dodgers just like that take a 4-3 lead. what a ball game this was. guess what, the nationals are not giving up. jim riggleman and the team say all i care about is we've got a chance. you've got to stick with me, guys. two on for ian de

[applause] >> thank you, ivan. we will panel of and if you would like some coffee, we have some of the second floor. we are going to get going pretty quickly in the next couple of minutes. if you do not need it, hang out. we will be right on. [random chatter] >> up next on c-span, a number of former u.s. ambassadors that served in the middle east give their take on the current political situation there. after that, actor dennis quaid talks about medical safety. then, the new york federal reserve president. >> the largest u.s. but to ever fail is said to have practiced in deceptive practices. live coverage from the senate governmental subcommittee on investigations starts at 9:30 p.m. eastern. >> c-span, our public affairs content is available on television, radio, and on line. you can also connect with us on facebook, youtube and water. >>>> now a group of former u.s. ambassadors to middle east nations discussed the obama administration's approach to the middle east peace process. this is being hosted by the woodro

. -- ivan. this is a new medium and people are learning as they go along.and not every single blogger adheres to the same professional values. and we have to recognize that. there isn't a body in place to sort of regulate and maintain some sort of uniformity. and that's only natural. it's not a big deal. i think the readers are the ones who decide what bloggers become popular and what bloggers will frankly stop writing because nobody is reading their stuff. the other thing i wanted to mention briefly is what works in tehran may not work in the provinces. i mean, this is really not a difference from between to country to country. this is a difference between the capital where there's -- people have certainly a lot more leeway than people in the provinces. some of the stuff that people write in tehran on a daily basis and don't get into trouble for would never be allowed in kurdistan or in other sort of less developed parts of the country where local administrators have far more power as individuals simply go and grab somebody and throw nem in a dungeon somew

. >> thanks, ivan.i want to start out by discussing a point that i'm sure all of you have considered at one point and another, and that's really the divide between professional journalists and bloggers, and where does that line really lie. and i think in iran that line is lower your than it is in many other places. and this is a result of multiple factors in iran. in the late 1990s that iranians government shutdown upward of 100 publications in a matter of four or five years. as a result of that, and a lot of journalists really migrated online in the late '90s and opening years of the 2000. hundreds, thousands of journalists really and you see those professional journalists alongside regular students, doctors and engineers, and nurses, and all kinds of people who write online under blogs online news, news sources, on newspapers that no longer exist in print, but simply exist in cyberspace, as it were. iran, not just iran, but really all the countries of the middle east region have had an explosion in in

ivan came back again and launched the crew of the surface and we were in lunar orbit. both griffin and myself handed over to the next generation our responsibilities. he had been my faithful when men for so long griffin handed over to another man and we stayed in the room for the remainder of the mission and watched our new flight directors. that is the ending of the program for us. >> it was not really the ending of the program for you. a by now, you had moved on to management and it was the end of your flight direction, but on the other hand, there were still flights to be flown and spacecraft to be worked with. you just mentioned a couple of them. >> . . say -- gene kranz, you really cannot believe what you are saying. skylab was as exciting to me as apollo ever was. skylab was a different type of focus as a leader and team. we had -- the apollo missions were all short, around 10 days or so. it is one thing -- a team together and do all the rent -- it is one thing to keep a team together and do all the right things or just 10 days. it is another thing to do it for t