ivan ii returned and other russian territories held by the lithuanians. the final liberation of russian lands from the power of the golden horde. khan akhmat did not dare to enter into battle with the russian army. under ivan the great, a legal state system, a code of law, was also developed, and it was during his reign that the idea of ​​moscow as the third rome arose. he married the byzantine princess sophia polyalok, rebuilt the kremlin that stands today, and was the first to be titled not only grand duke, but also tsar and sovereign. i am russian. on march 28, 1776, the history of the bolshoi theater began. on that day, catherine ii allowed the famous philanthropist, prince peter urusov, to be the owner of all theatrical performances in moscow for a period of 10 years, to build a stone theater with such external decoration that it could serve as a decoration for the city. and moscow got its first permanent theater troupe for the same publication. lovers of vintage cars consider it . by the way, in cuba, a penny still runs around, and the pride of thei

on march 28 , 1462, ivan ii became the grand duke of moscow, who was nicknamed the great during his lifetimehis reign is an important milestone in russian history; as a teenager, together with his father vasily the dark, he defeated the internecine war and defended and strengthened the moscow throne. but having come to power and collecting russian lands, ivan preferred to rely on negotiations, political alliances and generous payments to vassal princes. during his reign, the idea arose of moscow is like the third rome. he married the byzantine princess sophia polealok, rebuilt the kremlin that stands today, and was the first to be titled not only the grand duke, but also the tsar and sovereign of all russia. on march 28, 1776, the history of the bolshoi theater began. on that day, catherine ii allowed the famous philanthropist, prince pyotr urusov to be there. equipment and, of course, remains one of the centers of cultural life of the capital. on march 28 , 1930, mikhail bulgakov sent a letter to the soviet government with a request to be released, that is, abroad, or given opportunity to w

the double-headed eagle appears in russia under ivan ii in 1497.tful political move, ivan ii. after the fall of constantinople, declares russia the heir to the byzantine empire, the third rome, the new center of orthodoxy. he marries sofia poleologist, the legal successor of imperial power, takes the byzantine double-headed eagle as her coat of arms. two heads connected by one body mean the dual unity of east , west, europe and asia. in the west, the eagle is single-headed, on... and the authority of the patriarch, the authority of the state and the authority of the church, both sides sought to establish harmonious relations. in heraldry, everything matters, not only size, but also color and shape and any other seemingly small details. the coat of arms of russia has an arrangement of heads, crowns, shields with coats of arms, the lands have changed quite a lot over the centuries. every russian tsar wanted the coat of arms... to be associated with the era of his reign, but most often changes to the coat of arms were associated with pivotal key event

things, that is , apart from one or another condemnation, maybe i 'm wrong, because the position of ivan paul ii about communism. very specific, and he supported all kinds of anti-communist movements not only in poland, but in central europe in general. but to call for the destruction of russian federation, he definitely would not have thought of it. because he was a christian, just like this pope, and they think in a completely different paradigm, the paradigm of a secular person, that way of thinking is different from a religious person, in particular a christian, in addition, he sees not only his point of view personal, yes, but behind it is the collective point of view of catholics, that is , it is such a collective compendium of some kind, and by the way, what the pope thinks does not only mean his flock, but this is how a lot of europeans think and only and not only in in europe, but also outside, let's say europe, in the same america or especially in latin america, where his words are really perceived as the truth in the last resort, we must be ready and resistant to various assessments o

we can only express our regret and hope that that we will be in the future to see such popes as ivan paul ii, who in principle, in fact, thanks to him , the wall between the western and eastern world was largely destroyed, and we, as ukrainians, and ukrainian catholics, there are many catholics among ukrainians, and poles, catholics. who support ukraine, many other catholics, they condemn the pope in this case and hope that they will have a pope who will uphold truly democratic values ​​in the struggle of democracy against totalitarianism, because democracy is largely a continuation of christian politicians, christian approaches, it is not by chance that there are many parties of a christian democratic orientation in europe, because christianity itself is democratic, yes, sometimes they try to present it as some kind of ... tartar religion, but the middle ages have long passed, today it is a completely democratic religion. mr. mykola, another important topic is the blockade of ukrainian freight transport on the polish border, it continues, and as reported. spokespersons of the state border s

these were again the don cossacks, as well as ryazan nobles, to declare her son from false dmitry ii, ivans done, but the militia that approached moscow forced marina and her entourage to flee first to the ryazan land, and then to astrakhon. on june 26, 1614, the fugitives were overtaken by moscow archers. in july 1614, the former russian queen and her three-year-old son, the former heir to the throne, were taken to moscow. the romanovs have already reigned in moscow. and in order to reign in peace, they decided to hang three-year-old ivan dmitrievich. the boy was already talking by that time. when it was introduced to execution, he kept asking: where are you taking me, where are you taking me? leading, and they calmed him down, and then they threw a noose around the child’s neck, but since the noose did not tighten, they simply hung him by the neck, and he hung like that until he froze from the cold, it was winter then... already, but marina mnishek was drowned, maria yurievna, to be more precise, officially the russian queen, and not just anyone. there is a legend that before her death,

sofia, the future ruler had to be taught , it was beneficial for sofia to show that peter ii, as the elder brother ivanning were very simple, he comes. nikita closes the door , then takes out something, they, in addition to perhaps talking about something good, drinking something necessary, while peter i spent his whole life engaged in, as they would say now, self-education, he looked for mentors for himself and learned , what was interesting to him, he loved to do everything with his own hands, preferred practice rather than theory, he had a diploma as a carpenter, he was an engineer, he understood... he issued a decree on sending several people to mathematical schools throughout the province the teachings of the noble rank of children of arithmetic and... which presupposes the receipt of nobility by service, length of service, yes, which means that you can earn the nobility by reaching a certain rank. at the end of peter's reign, third officers were former recruits who had earned nobility in the war. this was the first real social elevator. a peasant became an officer, but noble children had to serve

the estate was the head of the city , ivan vasilyevich. horsemen in 1837 in his at home he received the heir to the russian throne, the future emperor alexander iiussia, got acquainted with russian provinces and once stayed in this house. after his death , the house became a memorial, and the new owners, the kolokolnikovs, walled up the main entrance to the house in carvings, depicting elements of the imperial tomb. on the pedestrian street of dzerzhinsky there is another remarkable house, built in the style of a palace. this house has columns, flowerpots, pilasters. looks absolutely perfect, of course european, the feeling would be that the house was built of stone, but no, absolutely all of its finishing was made by hand, from wood. if you look closely, you can recognize the carved patterns that decorate the estate palaces of moscow and st. petersburg, and here they decorate the house of a very rich millionaire merchant of the first guild, that is, local craftsmen, having thoroughly studied the european baroque style, did the almost impossible, reincarnated it made of stone in... the shitov dynasty not only restores ancient houses. some time a

ivan, that at the end of the 18th century, russia slept and saw, when catherine ii was still the empressw could they put their successor on the greek throne like that, and before that win back the territory of greece from the greeks, from the turks, yes , that is, they always had extremely serious plans to greece, here i agree with you, well, let's go back. to the situation on the battlefield, in particular in the sky, well, the destruction of 15 aircraft in recent weeks, it is extremely serious, that is, the enemy rather did not expect anything, well, and i understand, already in the dry residue there is some intuitive guess, understanding, so that we are now waiting for the enemy's tactical aviation on the front line, and maybe, if it's not a secret , there is already an understanding, so to speak, of how it was possible to work so... brilliantly , we have one and a half minutes, and you know, even if, you know, from the rubric, but you have a kolomet, there is nothing here, that, that, that is not there, but let the russians solve the problem themselves, how to understand what was wro

ii. nikolay pavlenko, doctor of historical sciences scientific preface, doctor of historical sciences. konstantin overyanov, ivanity. doctor of historical sciences. next book: alexander pushkin, boris godunov. alexander pushkin was not a doctor of historical sciences, but the scientific preface was written by a doctor of historical sciences. the books are honest and truthful, which is quite a rarity these days. very good series, what's the name? gatherers of the russian land. how amazing? this book, well, it’s simply magnificent, the amazing russia series was given to children, despite the fact that adult children will also find it very interesting. zhanna andreevskaya, russian hut. a russian hut is a home shelter, the roof is the roof, in the center the roof is supported by the grandfather. dedok is not, not grandfather, dedok is a pillar. by the way, sometimes they also carved a person’s face on this pillar. a very interesting book, look at what's in it. this is magnificent, it is very educational, i didn’t know much about how the russian hut was built until i read this book. tell me, please, who hasn’t skippe

ivan the terrible also tried to eliminate this threat, but even peter ii did not succeed in this.rst time openly about what awaits, will not wait for a new meeting. after reading ekaterina. threw these messages into the fire, but remembered them by heart, in her response letters potemkin felt much more attention than he received, while at court. during the war, grigory alexandrovich received not only combat experience, he learned the customs of the crimean tatars and local peasants, he saw the luxury of the vizier and the villages devastated by the ottomans, he saw real life, real ones. people and not from the windows of a palace or carriage. the khan's nobles fled to the russian army and abandoned their numerous wives from goremov. potemkin sent these women to the russian borders so that they would not die of hunger, and allowed single kerosene men to choose future wives from them. there were also many christians on the territory of the crimean khanate, greeks and armenians. the people who lived here were cheerful, quick-witted, and sometimes cunning, but always active. how grate

. next new day emperor peter ii was visited by count alexei grigorievich razumovsky to renounce all ranks and ask permission to leave the court forever. on the same day, ivant to france and spent some time staying with his old friend voltaire. he lived for a long time in italy, where he collected a collection of paintings and sculptures. returning to st. petersburg , he hosted a famous literary conference. he retained only one: curator moscow university he remained until the end of his life. academician mikhail vasilyevich lomanosov created the molecular kinetic theory, which will form the basis of the second law of thermodynamics. he was elected an honorary member of the stockholm bologna academy of sciences. in addition to chemistry, physics, astronomy, geology, metallurgy, literature, history, he included geography in his circle of interests, compiled a new russian atlas, published an essay on the northern sea route, at the same time he was engaged in the organization of a gymnasium at the university, and continued to defend the right lower classes for education, his father could be proud of his unlucky, galshtinsky prince, who did not like russia, and