joining me now from washington, d.c., is one of the report's authors, jack glaser, a professor of public policy at the university of california at berkeley. >> megan: first of all, professor, can you tell me, when we're talking about use of force what are we talking about exactly? >> that's a really important question, because different departments define it somewhat differently. that was one of the challenges of this research project was to harmonize data across different departments so we can meaningfully compare them in terms of what they're identifying as use of force, but generally, what we're talking about is when police use physical force to detain or move or bring into compliance a civilian they're dealing with, and that could arrange from their mere presence as a threat of force to gentle hands on to all the way up to tasering and use of lethal force like firearms. >> megan: the report also refutes the notion this happens more often to more african-americans because they have more contact with police, right? can you walk us through that? >> yeah, that is one of the general argum