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you have the example of jamaal khashoggi, the washington post columnist who was murdered by the saudiismembered, and disappeared. there's an unprecedented wave of violence against journalists. we have never seen anything like it. nick: let's zoom into maria ressa's work and the philippines. the president says he will step down. was the crackdown pernal or could the crackdown continue because he has helped it be institutionalized? joel: he has used systematic campaigns of harassment. he has used soci media to spread lies and disinformation. hes waged a frontal assault on critical journalists including ressa. that is an institutionalized practice that will probably outlast him and something we have seen not just in the philippines, but in these modern authoritarian states around the world. nick: there has been an unprecedented attack by the kremlin in russia on any dissent and critical media over the last year. as it worked? joel: it has worked. one of the things you have to recognize about russia is that while the violence against journalists has declined -- dimitria maratov has talked