kingdom of england, scotland, wales and northern ireland, and also the queen of 15 rounds from the world that include canada, jamaica, australia, new zealand and others, and then there are 14 foreign territories. the commonwealth is the former british empire that started in the late-1940's, led by india, ireland, and others, began to become republics and they became independent. the commonwealth has stayed together. it now has 54 nations. it is a voluntary association dedicated to promoting good government, the environment and a range of issues and the queen is the head of it. that is a ceremonial role. >> could countries opt out? >> sure. and they can be kicked out for human rights violations as zimbabwe was, for example. they can also apply to be admitted. >> she played a behind-the- scenes role in seth africa, did she not? >> -- south africa, did she not? >> she did. i had conversations with the former prime minister of canada who was involved in the actions taken to get rid of the apartheid and all of the economic sanctions, and there were moments when it seemed the commonwealth would split up because of it and