decide republics in -- as opposed to the moderate monarchy of great britain and people like james harrington and sidney. they were all against a strong president. with us, the idea of a strong president came rather late in the constitutional convention of 1787. there were at that time, you remember, would original plans. the virginia plan and the new jersey plan with which the convention began. and neither of them had a strong executive. the virginia plan, executive that was elected by the legislator would therefore be a creature of the legislator, legislator. the new jersey plan had an executive by committee. so that no single person was responsible and the members of the committee could blame one another if something went wrong. after the constitution was formed or framed, a strong executive was opposed by the anti-federalists who represented the republican tradition. republican genius. now the idea of a strong executive was also new. that was an invention of modern political science. traceable who used the word executive. two senses. first executive -- or execution as carrying something o